Seeding Solutions Volume 1 brings readers up to date on what has changed – scientifically, politically, and environmentally – since the publication in 1994 of the landmark, People, Plants, and Patents.Volume 1 offers policy makers a clear description of the facts, the fights and the flora relevant to the ownership, conservation, and exchange of genetic resources. Readers new to these issues will learn from this book why germplasm is important and how it relates to trade negotiations, intellectual property disputes and food and health security, both nationally and internationally.
Author(s): Crucible II Group
Edition: 1st
Publisher: International Development Research Center
Year: 2000
Language: English
Pages: 121
Contents......Page 6
Preface: The Crucible Groups......Page 8
The Crucible II Reports: Seeding Solutions......Page 9
The contents of this volume......Page 10
Crucible Group viewpoints and recommendations......Page 11
Acknowledgements: Members and management of the Crucible II Group......Page 13
List of Crucible Recommendations......Page 15
Introduction: The Struggle for Genetic Resources......Page 16
Balancing immediate obligations and long-term commitments......Page 17
Encouraging scientific innovation and promoting the public good......Page 18
Balancing rights and responsibilities......Page 19
International policy issues......Page 20
Introduction......Page 21
The accelerating loss of biological diversity......Page 23
Erosion of cultural diversity......Page 24
On-farm conservation and use of plant genetic resources......Page 25
Global climate change and biodiversity......Page 26
The changing roles of public and private sector agricultural research......Page 27
Consolidation in the life sciences industry......Page 31
Transgenic crops commercialized......Page 33
Restrictions on the right of farmers to save seed......Page 35
Biopiracy: fact or fiction?......Page 36
Human biodiversity......Page 39
Bioethics and societal choices: who will decide?......Page 40
Introduction......Page 42
Mammalian cloning: Dolly debuts......Page 43
DNA sequencing accelerates......Page 44
Human Genome Project......Page 45
Human gene patenting......Page 46
On the horizon: pharmacogenomics......Page 47
Advances in drug research and discovery......Page 48
Crop genomics research accelerates......Page 49
Genetic use restriction technologies......Page 50
Clonal plant reproduction by apomixis......Page 53
Part Two: Outstanding issues. Access and exchange, knowledge, and innovation......Page 55
Access and Exchange......Page 58
The pivotal position of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)......Page 59
The agricultural biodiversity mission of the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA)......Page 67
The unique role of the CGIAR in facilitating access and exchange......Page 78
Knowledge......Page 87
Human rights and indigenous knowledge: potential role for the UN Human Rights Commission......Page 91
The participation of indigenous and local societies in knowledge policy-making......Page 92
Intellectual property and indigenous/local communities......Page 95
Innovation......Page 101
At the heart of many issues — the World Trade Organization (WTO)......Page 102
European Parliament approves patent directive......Page 120
Concluding remarks......Page 124
Abbreviations......Page 125
Notes......Page 126
