The core of the book is the presentation of a systematic, continuous and logical chain into the coupled total energy system (GES) of the future, which will lead to the fully sustainable use of renewable energies. Thus, unified models are proposed that are applicable to the subsystems/sectors throughout and allow the optimization of the entire GES. Appropriate algorithms and approaches are illustrated with numerous examples. This is embedded in the context of efforts to fully integrate energy generated from renewable sources into the GES. The overarching role of IT systems for secure operations has been emphasized in the book. The relevance of the correct mapping of technologies to use cases is elaborated and necessary steps derived from this are considered technically and organizationally (standardization). Special attention is paid to the didactic presentation of the material in order to present this new, difficult and complex problem "as simple as possible, but not simpler" [according to Einstein].
Author(s): Przemyslaw Komarnicki, Michael Kranhold, Zbigniew A. Styczyński
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 220
City: Wiesbaden
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
1: Introduction: Climate Policy Goals of Sustainable Energy Supply
1.1 Why Do We Need a General Energy System (GES)?
1.1.1 World Population, Energy Resources and the ``Full World´´
1.1.2 Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions: From Kyoto Protocol to Paris Agreement to Green Deal
1.1.3 Sector Coupling: What Is It?
1.1.3.1 Introduction
1.1.3.2 Example Germany
1.2 Paradigm Shift in Electrical Energy Supply Due to Regenerative Generation
1.2.1 Power, Energy and Efficiency
1.2.2 Potentials of Renewable Generation
1.2.3 Dunkelflaute and Other Special Features
1.2.3.1 General Comments
1.2.3.2 Dunkelflaute
1.2.3.3 Frequency Maintenance: System Inertia. Can the Electric Power System Remain Stable Without Inertia? [42]
1.2.3.4 Offshore Wind and Green Power from Africa
References
2: Methodology and Model Design for Sector Coupling in the General Energy System (GES)
2.1 Modelling of a GES
2.1.1 Energy Hub Model
2.1.2 Temporal Resolution of Energy Flows
2.1.3 Substitution of Energy Sources
2.2 Optimisation of a GES
2.2.1 General Comments
2.2.2 Approaches to System Optimisation
2.2.2.1 Scenario-Based Optimization
2.2.3 Dynamic Programming According to Bellmann
2.2.3.1 Optimization by Means of Linear Programming
References
3: Energy Use Sectors and Their Energy Consumption
3.1 General Remarks
3.2 Energy Supply (Gas, Electricity, Heat) and the Role of Hydrogen (H2)
3.3 Industry: Net Zero Factory
3.4 Households
3.5 Transport: Electric Mobility
3.6 Trade: Commerce - Services (GHD)
References
4: Methodology of Modelling the Energy Hub Components
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Methodology for Modelling Generation Sectors
4.2.1 Electricity
4.2.1.1 Introduction
4.2.1.2 Modelling of Electricity Network Infrastructures
4.2.1.3 Simulation and Network Calculation Tool
4.2.2 Gas
4.2.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2.2 Modelling of Gas Network Infrastructures
4.2.2.3 Simulation and Software Tools
4.2.3 Heat
4.2.3.1 Introduction
4.2.3.2 Modelling of Heat Network Infrastructures
4.2.3.3 Simulation and Software Tools
4.2.4 Energy Market Design, Market Roles
References
5: Flexibility of a General Energy System (GES)
5.1 Safe Operation of the General Energy System (GES)
5.2 Energy Storage
5.3 Evaluation of Flexibility
5.3.1 Introduction
5.3.2 Flexgraphs
5.3.3 Buffer Characteristics
5.3.4 Variable and Fixed Power Profiles
5.3.5 15-min Energy Values
5.4 Legal Framework
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Disconnectable Loads
5.4.3 Interruptible Consumption Units
5.4.4 Future Flexibility, System-Side Needs Analysis
References
6: Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Digitalisation of the Energy Industry
6.1 Development of Balancing in the Energy System Using the Example of Electricity
6.2 Current Balancing for Electricity, Gas and Heat Markets
6.2.1 Basics of Energy Balancing Using the Example of Electricity
6.2.2 Metering Point Operation: Role of the Smart Meter Rollout
6.2.3 Market Communication and Measurement Data Analysis
6.2.4 Balancing: Comparison Between Gas and Electricity
6.3 Role of ICT and Other Innovations in the System Management (Electricity) of the Future
Literature
7: Perspectives of the General Energy System (GES)
7.1 Introduction
7.2 European Perspective
7.3 China Perspective
7.4 USA Perspective
7.5 Building a Sustainable Hydrogen Economy (Example EU/Germany)
7.5.1 Introduction
7.5.2 Concept for Germany
7.5.3 Regional Concepts Using the Example of the Land of Saxony-Anhalt
References
Appendix
Conversion Chains (Energy Conversion Chains) of the Selected Processes (Table A.1)
