This book investigates the sustainability performance of system that use microgrids in desalination processes. Climate change may be especially dramatic in its effects on island environments. In these environments, aquifers and wells could become over exploited resulting the use of desalination plans. The synergies between water, energy, and food sectors have been identified as vital in achieving the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.
The book explores desalination and microgrids technically as well the economic and legal aspects that must be considered in order explore their techno-economic feasibility - analyzing how to improve the desalination process, proposing a method to locate and size a microgrid. Other synergies between the water, energy, and food system are discussed and the benefits to society that might result in these systems. Also, the lessons learned are highlighted in the context of how they may apply to other sustainable enterprises.
Author(s): Enrique Rosales-Asensio, Francisco José García-Moya, David Borge-Diez, Antonio Colmenar-Santos
Series: Green Energy and Technology
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 234
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Symbols, Abbreviations, and Acronyms
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
2 Revision of Decision/Making Tools for Sustainable Planning and Proposal of a Novel Conceptual Framework for the Energy-Water-Food Nexus
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definition of Frameworks to Model Nexus Interactions
2.3 Review of Integrated Planning Tools
2.4 Conceptual Framework Definition
2.5 Conclusions
References
3 Comprehensive Assessment of Gran Canaria Food-Energy-Water Nexus with GIS-Based Tool
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Material and Methods
3.2.1 Fuel and Electricity Price Volatility
3.2.2 Sustainability Index Depiction
3.2.3 Alternative EEG-Plans
3.2.4 Hydro-Pumping Supporting Strategy
3.3 Results
3.3.1 WEF Index
3.4 Analysis and Discussion
3.5 Conclusions
References
4 Review of Wind Energy Technology and Associated Market and Economic Conditions in Spain
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Material and Methods
4.3 Theory
4.4 Results
4.5 Discussion
4.6 Conclusions
References
5 Photovoltaic Self-consumption and Net-Metering: Measures to Remove Economic Non-market Failure and Institutional Barriers that Restrict Their Use in Spain
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Material and Methods
5.3 Analysis of the Regulatory Framework
5.4 Results and Discussion
5.5 Conclusions
References
6 Surrogate Optimization of Coupled Energy Sources in a Desalination Microgrid Based on Solar PV and Wind Energy
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Literature Review
6.3 Approach
6.4 Material and Methods
6.4.1 Software Framework for the Analysis
6.5 General Description of the Method
6.6 Black-Box Method and DYCORS Technique
6.6.1 Desalination System
6.6.2 Electrochemical Storage Model
6.6.3 Costs, Benefits, Risks, Uncertainties, and Timeframes to Evaluate the Attributes of Energy Technologies
6.6.4 Expenditures
6.6.5 Revenues
6.6.6 Criteria Decision Making
6.6.7 Description of the Case Study
6.6.8 Desalination System and Reservoir Data
6.7 Results and Discussion
6.8 Conclusions
References
7 Reduction of Water Cost for an Existing Wind Energy-Based Desalination Scheme: A Preliminary Configuration
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Material and Methods
7.3 Calculation of CCs
7.3.1 RO Scheme
7.3.2 Energy System
7.3.3 Direct Capital Costs
7.3.4 Indirect Capital Costs
7.3.5 Total Capital Investment
7.4 Running Expenses
7.4.1 IC
7.4.2 Labor and Maintenance Costs
7.4.3 Contributions, Guarantee of Compensation for Specified Losses, and Reduction in the Value of Assets with the Passage of Time
7.4.4 Total Fixed Costs
7.4.5 VCs
7.4.6 Total Costs
7.4.7 Cost of Water Representation
7.5 Results and Discussion
7.6 Conclusions
References
8 Stress Mitigation of Conventional Water Resources in Water-Scarce Areas Through the Use of Renewable Energy Powered Desalination Plants: An Application to the Canary Islands
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Material and Methods
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.4 Conclusions
References
9 Feasibility Analysis of Wind and Solar Powered Desalination Plants: An Application to Islands
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Material and Methods
9.2.1 RO Desalination Plant
9.2.2 The Aqua.Abib Project
9.3 Analysis of Commercialization
9.4 Results and Discussion
9.4.1 Techno-economic Results
9.5 Conclusions
References
Appendix A Review of Evaluated Nexus Tools
Appendix B Desalination Capacity, Technologies, and Location in Gran Canaria
Appendix C Restrictions and Results of the Geo-morphological Analysis
Appendix D Impacts of Energy Sources, Competitiveness of Food Sector
Appendix E Locations of Proposed Sites
Appendix F Data Regarding Spanish Solar PV Sector
Appendix G Project Cash Flow
Appendix H Parameters of Simulation, Characteristics of Grants, and Simulation Results
Bibliography
