This book discusses the subject of pathways to a sustainable economy through science and technology innovations which are regarded as the important components of the ‘4th Industrial Revolution’. The volume has been developed from Bangladesh’s ‘Vision 2041’ agenda which includes development actions needed to catch up with more developed nations. Most importantly, the goals of the ‘Vision 2041’ have been taken from the dreams of the architect of independent Bangladesh, Bangabandhu (Friends of Bengal) Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. His dream was to make Bangladesh the Switzerland of Asia. The Father of Bangladesh Nation was killed by assassins’ bullets along with his most of the family members in August 1975. After his death, the nation moved backwards while recovering from nine months of liberation post war in 1971.
Between 1975 and 1990 Bangladesh was ruled by military and quasi military governments. Bangladesh established a true democratic regime in 1996 with Sheikh Mujib’s daughter, Sheikh Hasina, who formed the government after 21 years with a mandate to realise the dreams of her father. Sheikh Hasina, had her own 20 year vision for Bangladesh, called, ‘Vision 2021’, with plans to make the nation poverty free by 2021. After a pause between 2001 and 2008, Sheikh Hasina returned to power in 2009. Under her consecutive three terms she brought Bangladesh back on track and Bangladesh is one of the nations which reduced poverty half under MDGs by 2015. During her third consecutive term Sheikh Hasina, is on the way to transforming Bangladesh into a ‘middle income’ nation by 2021.
This volume aims to identify and mitigate the challenges of ‘4th Industrial Revolution’ investigating the areas of science and technology innovations for Bangladesh and for other parts of the world keeping in mind establishing a sustainable economy under UN agendas to 2030 (SDGs). The primary audience for this book are UN development agencies, academic institutions, government policymakers and business leaders of the more developed and developing nations alike.
Author(s): Mazharul Islam, Moazzem Hossain
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 197
City: Cham
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Contributors
About the Editors
Acronyms
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I: Science and Technology Innovation
Investigation on Advanced Materials for Green Energy Development and Sustainable Industrial Processes
1 Introduction
2 Computational Methods and Models
3 Battery Materials
3.1 Solid-State Electrolytes
3.1.1 Formation and Mobility of Li Point Defects in Li2O–B2O3 Mixed Compounds
3.1.2 Ion Diffusion in the Interfaces of Li2O:B2O3 Nanocomposite
3.2 Cathode Materials
3.2.1 Li+ Migration Pathways in α-Li3VF6
3.2.2 Structure, Stability, and Li+ Migration Pathways in Various Polymorphs of LixTiS2
3.3 Anode Materials
3.3.1 Li Migration in Lithium−Graphite Intercalation Compounds
3.3.2 Li Migration Pathways in Li2O:TiO2 Systems
3.4 LiMO2 (M = Al, Ga) as Coatings for Electrodes
4 TiO2 in Pigment Industry and Photocatalytic Activities
4.1 Electronic Properties of Stoichiometric, Defective, and Doped TiO2
4.2 Hydrogen Adsorption and Diffusion on the Anatase TiO2(101) Surface
4.3 Hydrogen and Nitrogen Doping in TiO2
5 Mesoporous Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis
5.1 Characterization of Supported Vanadium Oxide Species on Silica
5.2 Chromium Sites in Zeolite Framework
5.3 Cl and CN Mobility in Mayenite
6 Modeling of Basic Mechanisms During Corrosion Processes: Microstructural Control
6.1 Structural Properties and Stabilization Mechanisms of Oxide Surfaces
6.2 Stabilization of Intermetallic Alloy Surfaces
6.3 Stability of Oxide/Alloy Interfaces
6.4 Defects and Diffusion in Bulk and GB of Cr2O3
6.5 Chemical States of Water on Cr2O3(0001)
6.6 Adsorption of Carboxylic Acids on the Zn–ZnO(0001) Surface
7 Funding Bodies and Research Collaborations
8 Perspective on Research and Development: Lessons for Bangladesh
8.1 Na Ion Batteries (NIBs)
8.2 Materials for Solar Energy
8.2.1 Correlation of Compositional Dynamics and Optoelectronic Properties in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
8.2.2 Application of Chalcopyrite in Solar Cell Technology
8.3 Decarbonization of Power Sectors
References
University-Industry Collaboration for Skill Enrichment and Industrialization: Global Picture
1 Introduction
1.1 From Basic Industry to Innovative Industry
1.2 The High Level of Skill Enrichment
1.2.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI): Or the Difficulty to Predict Future
A Revolution in Our Conception of Learning Process
The Learning Process of the Brain
From the Biological Neuron to the Artificial Neuron
A Technology That Was Close to Die
1.3 The University-Industry Cooperation
1.4 Computational Chemistry in Skill Enrichment and Research
1.5 My Support for Development of Computational Chemistry in Bangladesh
Terminator to Reversible Terminator: Generational Shift in DNA Sequencing Technologies
1 Introduction
2 Sanger Sequencing vs. Next-Generation Sequencing
3 Sanger’s DNA Sequencing: Dideoxy-Nucleotide Terminators and Their Fluorescent-Labeled Analogues
4 Next-Generation DNA Sequencing: Use of Reversible-Nucleotide Terminators
5 Closing Remarks
References
Selected Sensor Technology Innovation in Food Quality and Safety
1 Introduction
2 Biosensors
2.1 Electrochemical Biosensors
2.2 Optical Biosensors
2.3 Mass-Based Biosensors
3 Applications of Biosensors
3.1 Foodborne Pathogens and Toxins
3.2 Food Allergens
3.3 Pesticides Residues
3.4 Histamine
3.5 Antibiotic Detection
3.6 Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
4 Electronic Nose (E-Nose)
5 E-Nose Sensors and Its Operation
5.1 Sampling
5.2 Detection Devices
6 E-Nose Data Processing and Pattern Recognition
6.1 Calibration
6.2 Variable Selection
6.3 Statistical Models
6.4 Model Validation and Reliability
7 Applications of E-Nose
7.1 Food Quality
7.2 Food Safety
8 Electronic Tongue (E-Tongue)
9 Applications of E-Tongue
9.1 Monitoring Food Processing
9.2 Evaluation of Food Freshness
9.3 Assessment of Food Authenticity
9.4 Recognition and Characterization of Food Items
9.5 Quantitative Analysis of Food Taste Compounds
9.6 Detection of Microbial Species
10 ATP Bioluminescence Technique
10.1 Fundamental of ATP Bioluminescence
10.2 Feasibility, Efficiency, and Application in Food Systems
10.3 Foodborne Pathogens Detection
11 Conclusion
References
Part II: Innovation in Agricultural Sciences
Rice Research Revisited: BRRI and Its Achievements
1 Introduction
1.1 Past Achievements
1.2 Impact of BRRI and Rice on Bangladesh Economy: 1971–2010
2 BRRI Rice Vision
2.1 Future Scenario and Challenges
2.2 Genetic Gain
2.3 Cultural Practices
3 Policy Issues
3.1 Technical Issues
3.1.1 Availability of Quality Seed
3.1.2 Mechanisation
3.1.3 Stop Declining Profitability
3.1.4 New Direction for Market Price
4 Value Chain Development
5 Climate Vagaries
6 Conclusions
References
A Rapid Breeding Technology of Wheat
1 Introduction
2 Haploids and Doubled Haploids
3 Doubled Haploid Breeding Using Wheat x Maize System
4 PBI Protocol for DH Production
4.1 Embryo Production
4.2 Embryo Rescue and Haploid Production
4.3 Production of Doubled Haploids
5 Marker-Assisted Selection
6 Wheat Cultivation in Bangladesh
References
Meat Intake and Nutritional Security: Some Observations
1 Introduction
2 Livestock Population
2.1 Contribution of Livestock in Animal Sources Protein
3 Red Meat: Facts and Fears
3.1 Nutritional Benefits of Red Meat
3.2 Nutrient Content of Meat
4 Bangladesh National Nutrition Policy 2015
4.1 Areas for Policy Action
4.2 Bangladesh National Micronutrient Status (Survey, 2011–2012)
4.3 Association with Heart Disease, Diabetes, and Death
4.4 Association with Cancer Risk
5 Challenges of Animal Source Food Production
5.1 Following Are the Major Challenges
5.2 Opportunities
6 Conclusions
References
Modelling the Demand for Meat in Bangladesh
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Preliminary Data Analysis
4 Demand Models and Estimation Results
5 Concluding Comments
References
Part III: Multi-sector Analyses
Bioactive Papers: A Futuristic Tool for Health, Food, and Environmental Applications
1 Introduction
1.1 What Is Bioactive Paper
1.2 Importance of Bioactive Paper
2 Applications of Bioactive Paper
2.1 Applications in Food Quality Monitoring
2.1.1 Detection and Quantification of Pesticides
2.1.2 Detection of Organic and Inorganic Substances in Food Items
2.1.3 Detection of Foodborne Pathogens
2.1.4 Detection of Food Additives
2.2 Applications in Water Quality Monitoring
2.2.1 Detection of Organic and Inorganic Components
2.2.2 Detection of Waterborne Pathogens
2.3 Applications in Environmental Monitoring
2.4 Applications in Healthcare
2.4.1 Instantaneous Blood Typing
2.4.2 Diagnosis of Liver Dysfunctions and Blood Sample Preparation for Analytical Tests
2.4.3 Diagnosis of Kidney Dysfunctions
2.4.4 Diagnosis of Eye Dysfunction
2.4.5 Diagnosis of Endocrinal Dysfunction
2.4.6 Monitoring Sun Exposure
3 Future Directions and Global Perspective
4 Prospects in Bangladesh
5 Conclusion
References
Occupational Qualification: A Right Pathway into Employability for Bangladesh?
1 Introduction
2 What is Meant by Occupational Qualification?
3 Urgency of Acquiring Employability Skills
4 Work Process Qualification and Training for Employability Skills
5 Opportunities for Overseas Employment
5.1 Mechatronic Engineers and Mechatronic Technicians
5.2 Software Test Engineer
6 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Conclusions
Conclusions and Recommendations
References
