School Nursing: The Essential Reference

Cover
Title
Contents
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
part I: 20th Century School Health Practice
Chapter 1: School Nursing: Early Beginnings and the Unfolding of a New Nursing Specialty
Introduction
Our History: Women as Nurturers and Caregivers
The Age of Modern Nursing
The Age of Nurse’s Training
The Age of Educational Preparation
Today’s Nursing Profession
Definition of School Nursing
A History of School Nursing: The Path to and from Henry Street
The Henry Street Settlement
School Nursing Today
Legislation Impacting Schools
Summary
References
Further Readings
Chapter 2: Prevention Concepts in School Nursing
Introduction
Prevention Versus Intervention
Categories of Health Prevention
Primary Prevention and Education
Primary Prevention and Immunizations
Immunization Exemptions
Provisional Admission
Documents Acceptable as Proof of Immunizations
Immunization Provisions
Immunization Requirements
Secondary Prevention and Screenings
Suggestions for Screening Implementation
Height/Weight Screening
Vision Screening
Audiometric Screening
Blood Pressure Screening
Oral Screening
Scoliosis Screening
Medications and Tertiary Prevention
Treatments and Tertiary Prevention
The Prevention Framework (CDC Prevention, n.d.)
References
Further Readings
Chapter 3: The Intersection of Health Education and School Nursing
Introduction
Role of the School Nurse in Health Education
History of Health Education
Behavior Change Theories
Characteristics of Effective Health Education
National Health Education Standards
Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child
References
Recommended Readings
Online Resources
Part II: 21st Century School Healthy Practice
Chapter 4: The Role of the School Nurse in Building Healthy Communities
Introduction
Tapping School Nurses as Change Agents in Communities to Address Health Goals
Strategies for Community Engagement to Build a Culture of Health
Focus on Upstream Interventions
Engaging Strategic Community Partners and Diverse Stakeholders
Collective School-Based, Population Health Interventions
Health Promotion Policy Development
References
Online Resources
Further Readings
Chapter 5: Framework for the 21st Century School Nurse Practice
Introduction
21st Century Framework Standards of Practice: Overview and Background on Development
Standards of Practice
Care Coordination Within the School and Community
Leadership
Quality Improvement
Community/Public Health
References
Chapter 6: Interdisciplinary Practices and the New School Environment
Introduction
Cultivating Relationships and Building Trust
Coordinated Care
Core Team Member
Fostering a Culture of Health and Wellness
Administrator–Nurse Rapport
References
Further Readings
Chapter 7: The School Nurse, Health office, and Therapeutic Interventions
Introduction
Educational Preparation for the School Nurse
Attributes of a School Nurse
The School Health Office
The Nursing Process
Definition of the Nursing Process
Components of the Nursing Process
Assessments
Documentation
Emergency Information
Daily Log
Individual Health Folders
Administrative Reports
School Nurse Resources
Special Considerations for the School Nurse
References
Further Reading
Chapter 8: The Developing Child and Challenges to Learning
Introduction
Scope of the Chapter
Basic Neuroanatomy
Brain Structure
Background History
Common Terms Used in Special Education
Evaluation Process
Other Barriers to Learning
Family Dysfunction
Classroom Strategies for Common Behavioral Problems
References
Further Readings
Chapter 9: Acute Conditions in the School-Aged Child
Introduction
Urgent and Potentially Life-Threatening Conditions
Common Infectious Diseases
Traumatic Causes of Injury
Common Complaints
References
Chapter 10: Chronic Conditions in the School-Aged Child
Introduction
Scope of Chapter
Neurological Conditions
Pulmonary Conditions
Hematologic Conditions
Other Chronic Conditions
Eating Disorders
Gastrointestinal Disease
HIV/AIDS
Oral Health
Juvenile Arthritis
Childhood Cancers
Obesity and Overweight
Lupus
Hypertension
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: The New Alphabet for School Personnel
Introduction
Working as a Team Member: 504, CST, and I&RS Team
Health Services: An In-Depth Look at IHP, ECP, and EEP
References
Online Resources
Part III: The Potentially marginalized Child
Chapter 12: Mental Health Disorders in School-Aged Children
Introduction
Stigma and Mental Illness: Critical Definitions and the Words We Use
Critical Words and Word Placement
Current Statistics Related to Mental Disorders in School-Aged Children
The Role of Genetics and Epigenetics: Determinants of Mental Illness in Children
Mental Illnesses in Children
Common Mental Illnesses in Childhood
References
Online Resources
Chapter 13: Cultural Diversity
Introduction
Key Concepts Related to Culture and Health
Demography and Demographic Shifts Among School-Aged Children
Health Disparities in the School Setting
Culture in Transition
Six Cultural Phenomena That Affect Health
Cultural Competence for the School Nurse
Conclusion
References
Online Resources
Further Reading
Chapter 14: Substance Abuse in School-Aged Children
Introduction
History of Illegal Substance Use in the United States
Substance Use Among Youth Today
Key Definitions
Why Youth Use Drugs
Effects of Drug Abuse on Youth
Common Drugs Used by Youth
Alcohol
Tobacco
Marijuana
Opioids
Inhalants
Current Issues in Drug Use
Prescription Drug Misuse
The Opioid Crisis
Vaping
The Role of the School Nurse
Recognize That Easy Access Facilitates Substance Use
Identify Vulnerable Students
Ensure Evidence-Based Substance Abuse Policy Development
Encourage School-Wide Prevention Programming
Enhance Perceptions of School Connectedness
Conclusion
References
Online Resources
Further Readings
Chapter 15: Gender Identity: Supporting Nonbinary and Transgender Students in the School Setting
Introduction
Terminology and Language: What the Words Mean
Statistics: The Importance of Affirmation and Support at School
Improving School Climate: A Brief Review of How Some Schools Navigate Supporting Transgender Students
Role of the School Nurse: How the School Nurse May Help
References
Online Resources
Further Readings
Chapter 16: Eating Disorders and Obesity
Introduction
Eating Disorders
References
Online Resources
Further Readings
Chapter 17: Bullying in the School Setting
Introduction
Legislation
Definitions
Assessing the Safety of the School Environment
Methods to Improve the School Environment
Collaborating With Other School Professionals to Reduce Bullying
References
Online Resources
Further Readings
Part IV: Future Perspectives for School Health Practice
Chapter 18: Legal Aspects of School Nurse Practice
Introduction
Glossary of Terms for Legal Aspects in School Nursing
Federal Government
Executive Branch
Legislative Branch
The Judicial Branch
State and Local Governments
State Executive Branch
State Legislative Branch
State Judicial Branch
Local Government
School Board Policies
Legal Issues in Action
Examples of Legislation in Response to Sentinel Events
Frequently Asked Questions
References
Chapter 19: School-Based Health Clinics
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: Special Education
Introduction
An Initial Guide Into the World of Special Education
The First Steps—Pre-referral Interventions
What Is the Child Study Team?
The Next Step—Referral to the Child Study Team
The School Nurse’s Role
References
Chapter 21: Violence Toward Self and Others
Introduction
Violence Toward Oneself
Conclusion
References
Online Resources
Chapter 22: School-Based Crisis Management
Introduction
The Benefits of Early Crisis Intervention
Definition of Terms
Definitions of Crisis
Reactions to Crisis
Crisis Drills
Preventive Measures
Safety Teams, Crisis Teams, and Planning
Assessing Psychological Trauma: Conducting Psychological Triage
Supports and Interventions
Role of School-Based Health Providers
References
Chapter 23: Ethical Issues in the School Setting
Introduction
Vaccine Refusal
Medical Marijuana in the School Setting
References
Further Readings
Chapter 24: 21st Century Technology for the School Nurse
Introduction
The 21st Century School Health Office
Electronic Medical Records
School Health Office Technology
Electronic Medical Records and Electronic Health Records
Web-Based Student Information and Administrative Software Systems for Schools
Selection of a School Health Documentation System
Big Data
Privacy and Electronic Security
Wearable Technology and Telemedicine
Conclusion
References
Chapter 25: The Shifting Paradigm for School Health
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 26: Pandemics and Plagues
Introduction
Infection Versus Infectious Diseases
Immune Response
Herd Immunity
Modes of Disease Transmission
Barriers to Infection
Epidemic Versus Pandemic Versus Plagues
The Coronavirus
Origin
Scope of the Coronavirus Pandemic
Incubation Period
Mutation
Transmission
Quarantine Versus Isolation Versus Social Distancing
School Perspectives for Coronavirus
What School Nurses Should Expect
Prevention Concepts for Students, Staff, and the School Plant
Resources
Testing Procedures
Contact Tracing
Vaccine Hopes
Notable Concerns Related to COVID-19
The Expanded Role of the School Nurse
Conclusion
References
Further Readings
Index