Scholastic Sankrit

Contents
Series Editor's Preface
Authors' Preface
Abbreviations
Introduction: The Sanskrit Commentary
0.1 Importance of commentaries . . .
0.2 The five services of a commentary
0.2.1 Padaccheda.
0.2.2 Padiirthokti.
0.2.3 Vigraha...
0.2.4 Viikyayojanii
0.2.5 A~epasamiidhiina
Part I Methods of Glossing
by Gary A. Tubb
1 The First Four Services
1.1 Introduction...
1.2 Types of glossing
2 Division of Words
1.3 Introduction............
1.4 Repetition of the words of the text
1.5 Specification of word-division . .
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1.6 Citation of individual words
1.6.1 iti .
1.6.2 -sabda, -kiira .
1.6.3 Inflected indeclinable .
1.6.4 Anubandhas
1. 7 Variant readings . . . . . .
3 Giving the Meaning of Words
1.8 Introduction....
1.9 Simple synonyms
1.1 0 Location of glosses
1.10.1 Enclitics
1.1 0.2 Vigrahas
1.11 Glossing by equivalent forms .
1.11.1 Periphrasis . .
1.11.2 Participle . . .
1.12 Expansions of glosses.
1.12.1 -adi .
1.12.2 Implications
1.12.3 Implied contrasts
1.13 More removed paraphrases
1.13.1 ity artha~
1.13.2 iti bhiiva~ . . .
1.13.3 iti yavat ....
1.13.4 Other phrases .
1.13.5 anena, etena
1.13.6 References to speech
1.14 Meanings by extension
1.15 Glossing of puns .
1.16 Definitions. . . . . . . . . .
1.16.1 Definitions offered by the commentator
1.16.2 Definitions quoted from dictionaries
1.17 Treatment of special items
1.1 7.1 Proper names . . . . .
1.17.2 Names of species ...
1.17.3 Meanings of particles .
1.17.4 Other indeclinables ..
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1.17.5 Pronouns .
4 Analysis of Grammatical Complexes
1.18 Introduction . . . . . . . . . .
1.19 Modes of complex formation . . .
1.20 General principles of analysis. . .
1.21 Insertion of analyses in a commentary .....
1.21.1 Glossing the words used in the analysis
1.21.2 Indicating the inflection of the original .
5 Derivative Verbs
1.22 Introduction
1.23 Desideratives
1.24 Intensives . .
1.25 Causatives . .
1.26 Denominatives
1.26.1 Desire to have.
1.26.2 Behavior toward
1.26.3 Behaviorlike ..
1.26.4 Becoming something
1.26.5 Making something so. .
1.26.6 Feeling something ...
1.26.7 Doing or making something
1.26.8 Making use of something.
6 Primary Nominal Derivation
1.27 Introduction . . . . . .
1.28 Basic bhiive meanings.
1.29 Basic kiiraka meanings
1.29.1 kartari ..
1.29.2 karrnm:zi ...
1.29.3 kara!,e .. ,
1.29.4 sampradiine.
1.29.5 apadane . ..
1.29.6 adhikara!,e
1.30 Temporal restrictions
1.30.1 bhate . . . .
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1.30.2 vanamiine ...... 56 8 Nominal Compounds 85
1.30.3 bhavi~yati . ...... 57 A. General Principles .
1.31 Other restrictions of meaning . 57 . ........ 85
1.32 Accompanying words (upapada) 58 1.43 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 85
1.32.1 kartari krt with accusative 60 1.44 Basic categories of compounds . 86
1.32.2 kartari krt with non-accusative . 61 1.44.1 Avyayibhiiva 86
1.32.3 krt in the sense of another kiiraka 62 1.44.2 Tatpuru~a ... 87
1.32.4 Temporal restrictions . . . . 62 1.44.3 Karmadhiiraya 87
1.32.5 Other conditions of meaning . 63 1.44.4 Dvandva ... 87
1.33 Verbal participles ..... 64 1.44.5 Bahuvrfhi .... 88
1.34 Irregular forms (nipiitana) 65 1.44.6 Kevala-samiisa .. 88
1.45 Additional elements of meaning 89
7 Secondary Nominal Derivation 67 1.45.1 Comparison . . . . . . . 89
1.35 Introduction . . . . . . . . 67 1.45.2 Aggregation. . . . . . . 90
1.36 Dependent formulas of analysis. 68 1.45.3 Clarification of connection 90
1.36.1 Accusative 70 1.46 Optional and obligatory compounds 90
1.36.2 Instrumental 71 1.46.1 Asvapadavigraha compounds 90
1.36.3 Dative .. 71 1.46.2 Conventional meanings. 91
1.36.4 Ablative ... 71 1.46.3 Bound forms 92
1.36.5 Locative ... 72 1.47 Irregularities. . . . . . 92
1.37 Genitive formulas of analysis . 74
1.37.1 tasyapatyam 75 B. Avyayibhiiva Compounds 92
1.37.2 tasya bhiivaJ:z .... 75 1.48 Introduction . . . . . . 92
1.37.3 Others ........ 76 1.49 Optional avyayrbhiivas 93
1.37.4 General connection . 77 1.50 Obligatory avyayrbhiivas 93
1.38 Nominative formulas of analysis 77 1.51 Irregular avyayrbhiivas 95
1.39 Compound formulas of analysis 78
1.40 Possessive suffixes (matvarthlya) . 79 C. Tatpuru~a Compounds . . 96
1.40.1 Straigbtforward possession . 80 1.52 Introduction . . . . . . 96
1.40.2 Additions of meaning. 80 1.53 Dependenttatpuru~as . . 96
1.41 Vibhaktisarrzjiiaka suffixes ..... 81 1.53.1 Straightforward analysis 97
1.42 Sviirthika suffixes . . . . . . . . . . 82 1.53.2 Additional specification of connection· . 100
1.42.1 With no addition of meaning . 82 1.53.3 Partitive genitive as second member 101
1.42.2 Diminutives . . . . . . . . . 82 1.54 Karmadhiirayas of simple apposition. 102
1.42.3 Other additions of meaning. 83 1.54.1 Adjective plus substantive 102
1.42.4 cvi, etc ...... 83 1.54.2 Adjective plus adjective . . 103
1.42.5 Samasanta suffixes . . . . . 84 1.54.3 Substantive plus substantive 104
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1.54.4 Additional specification of connection
1.55 Karmadharayas of comparison . . . . . . .
1.55.1 Upamanapurvapada karmadhilraya
1.55.2 Upamita-samasa
1.55.3 Rupaka-samasa ..
1.56 Dvigu compounds . . . . .
1.56.1 Taddhitanha-dvigu
1.56.2 Uttarapada-dvigu.
1.56.3 Samahilra-dvigu
1.57 Tatpuru~as with inseparable first member
1.57.1 ku, su, etc .
1.57.2 Pradi-tatpuru~as with fixed meaning
1.57.3 Dhiltu-lopa pradi-tatpuru~a
1.57.4 Gati-tatpuru~as .
1.58 Negative tatpuru~as .
1.59 Upapada compounds . .
1.60 Irregular tatpuru~as . . .
1.60.1 Pr~odaradi compounds .
1.60.2 Mayuravya1]1sakadi compounds
1.60.3 Suffix-formations resembling compounds
D. Dvandva Compounds
1.61 Introduction ....
1.62 ltaretara dvandvas
1.63 Samli.hilra dvandvas .
E. Bahuvnlli Compounds .
1.64 Introduction . . . . .
1.65 Appositional bahuvrfhis .
1.65.1 Simple appositional bahuvrfhis
1.65.2 Negative bahuvnnis ....
1.65.3 Pradi-bahuvrfhi compounds ..
1.65.4 Saha-bahuvrfhi compounds ..
1.65.5 Anekapada-bahuvrfhi compounds
1.66 Non-appositional bahuvrfhis . . . .
1.66. I Locative as second member
1.66.2 Genitive as first member . .
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Contents
1.67 Special bahuvrfhis .
1.67.1 Sa1]1khya-bahuvrfhi compounds-,
1.67.2 Dig-bahuvrfhi compounds >
1.67.3 Reciprocal combat
1.68 Irregular bahuvrfhis .
F. Longer Compounds
1.69 Introduction . . . .
1. 70 General principles .
1.71 Special techniques
1.71.1 Simpler formulas of analysis
1. 71.2 Separate analysis
1.72 Choice of options
9 Eka§e~a Formations
1.73 Introduction ..
1.74 Dvandv{jika§e~a ..
1.75 Napu1]1sak{jika§e~a
10 Indicating the Construction
A. Arranging the Words of the Text
1. 76 Introduction . . . . . . . . .
1.77 The katha1]1bhutinf approach
1. 78 The anvayamukhf approach . .
1. 79 Insertion of explanatory material
1.80 Variations on the two approaches .
B. Other Techniques .
1.81 Introduction .
1.82 Direct statement of connections.
1.82.1 anvaya ..
1.82.2 sa1]1bandha .
1.82.3 vi§e~a~a. . . . . . . . .
1.82.4 Connections between verses
1.82.5 Connections between statements
1.83 Supplying words needed to complete the sense
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1.83.1 iti se~alz .
1.83.2 Words carried over .
1.84 Devices for marking features of syntax .
1.84.1 yat ... tat marking subject and predicate
1.84.2 sat marking attributive adjectives ...
1.84.3 -bhuta marking attributive substantives
1.84.4 sati marking the locative absolute
1.84.5 yathii tathii marking adverbs
1.84.6 he marking vocatives . . . . . . .
Part n The Bhii~ya Style
by Emery R. Boose
11 The Fifth Service
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Content
2.3 Style ....
12 Abstract Nouns
2.4 Introduction.
2.5 Fonnation..
2.5.1 tii and tva
2.5.2 -bhiivalz and vrddhi derivatives.
2.6 Significance........
2.6.1 Used by necessity.
2.6.2 Used by choice ..
2.7 Common constructions . .
2.7.1 With subjective genitive
2.7.2 In compound .
2.7.3 Causal phrase within a sentence
2.7.4 iii clause without abstract suffix
2.7.5 Two genitives .
2.8 Causal ablative and instrumental . . . .
2.9 Other cases .
2.9.1 Nontinative as subject of sentence
2.9.2 Accusative as object of the sentence
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2.9.3 Dative of purpose .
2.9.4 Genitive to modify another noun·, .
2.9.5 Locative in a locative absolute co~struction
2.10 Predicative instrumental ....
2.11 Accusative with verb of motion.
13 Compounds
2.12 Introduction .
2.13 Analyzing long compounds.
2.13.1 Identification
2.13.2 Dissection .
2.13.3 Grouping . . . . . . . . . .
2.14 Relation to words outside the compound
2.15 ka to mark a bahuvrfhi .
2.16 tat to mark a dvandva . . . . . .
2.17 -bhuta to mark a karmadhiiraya
2.18 Pronouns in compound
2.19 Idiomatic tenns
2.19.1 -antara
2.19.2 -artha .
2.19.3 -ka/pa.
2.19.4 ogata
2.19.5 -garbha
2.19.6 -jana
2.19.7 -jata ..
2.19.8 -purva.
2.19.9 -matrii.
2.19.10 -vise~a
14 Word Order
2.20 Introduction . . . . . . . . . .
2.21 Subject and predicative nouns
2.21.1 Predicative nouns . . . .
2.21.2 Pronoun subjects . . . . .
2.22 Attributive and predicative nouns . . .
2.22.1 Word order with subjects . . .
2.22.2 Word order with other nouns .
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2.22.3 Markers of attributive qualifiers
2.23 Scope ofiti .
2.24 Analyzing long sentences .
15 Causal Sentences
2.25 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.26 Ablative and instrumental phrases
2.26.1 Ablative causal phrases .
2.26.2 Series of causes . . . . . .
2.26.3 ca in causal series. . . . .
2.26.4 Verbal nouns expressing cause
2.27 iti clauses . . . . . . . . . . .
2.28 Relative pronouns and adverbs
2.29 Locative absolute . . . . . . .
2.29.1 Expressing a cause ..
2.29.2 Expressing a condition
2.29.3 Concessive locative absolute
2.29.4 Abbreviated locative absolute
2.30 Causal particle hi . . . . . . . . . . .
16 Uses of iti
2.31 Introduction . . . . . .
2.32 Common constructions
2.33 Quotation . . . . . . .
2.33.1 iti with source.
2.33.2 iti with ablative
2.33.3 iti with partial quotations .
2.34 Explanation . . . . . . . .
2.35 Comment . . . . . . . . .
2.35.1 Comment with iii .
2.35.2 Commonly used comments.
2.36 Constructions with the infinitive .
2.36.1 Infinitive with sak and yuj .
2.36.2 Infinitive with arh .....
2.36.3 Infinitive expressing purpose .
2.37 End of a passage .
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17 References
2.38 Introduction . . . . . .
2.39 Text and author of text
2.39.1 Verbs of taking .
2.39.2 prakrta, aprakrta .
2.39.3 Author of text commented on
2.39.4 Author as understood speaker
2.39.5 Participles of verbs of saying.
2.39.6 Instrumental of present participle
2.39.7 Auto-commentary ....
2.40 References to the commentary
2.40.1 First person plural
2.40.2 Participles. . . . . . .
2.40.3 Relative clause . . . .
2.40.4 Reference to earlier topic .
2.40.5 agre . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.41 Recognized authorities . . . . . .
2.42 Genitive in reference to particular views
18 Examples and Comparisons
2.43 Introduction . . . . . . .
2.44 Bahuvrrhis in tidi . . . .
2.44.1 Compounds in ·tidi
2.44.2 Series of compounds
2.44.3 ityiidi . . . . . .
2.45 Suffix vat .
2.45.1 Adverbs in -vat .
2.45.2 With standard of comparison.
2.45.3 itivat, itytidivat
2.46 iva and yathii
19 Terms of Discussion
2.47 Introduction . .
2.48 Dialectic style .
2.48.1 Oral debate
2.48.2 Piirvapak~a and siddhtinta
2.48.3 Direct address. . . . . . .
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Appendix: Useful Reference Works
Indices
Commentarial Passages Quoted .
Grammatical Citations
Sanskrit Index .
English Index

p.166

predicative instrumental