Satellite Monitoring of Inland and Coastal Water Quality: Retrospection, Introspection, Future Directions reviews how aquatic optics models can convert remote determinations of water color into accurate assessments of water quality. This book illustrates how this conversion can generate products of value for the environmental monitoring of optically complex inland and coastal waters. The author emphasizes how terrestrial, aquatic, and wetland remote sensing are underutilized tools due to a lack of influential end-usership. He takes a realistic look at this disinterest and examines why it exists, how it can be abated, and the synergies that need to be activated among technologists, scientists, entrepreneurs, policy-makers, and water quality professionals. Offering a guide to possible linkages between scientific products of remote sensing and their application to mandates and priorities of environmental stewards and policy-makers, this book uses the research and science agenda of Environment Canada as a template for generic environmental interests and concerns. It is hoped that this guide presents a compelling case for incorporation of aquatic remote sensing into protocols of ground-based environmental monitoring networks.
Author(s): Robert P. Bukata
Edition: 1
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2005
Language: English
Pages: 272
Front cover......Page 1
Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 16
About the Author......Page 20
Contents......Page 22
Disclaimer......Page 26
Navel gazing at remote sensing of inland and coastal waters from space......Page 28
1.1 Environmental monitoring from space......Page 29
1.2 The remote sensing definition of water quality......Page 30
1.3 The plight of remotely monitoring case 2 water quality......Page 33
1.4 The irony of remote sensing......Page 34
1.5.1 The remote sensing scientific community......Page 36
1.5.4 The decision- and policy-making communities......Page 37
1.6 Aquatic remote sensing products......Page 38
1.7 What went wrong with the great potential?......Page 41
1.7.2 The science is inadequate......Page 46
1.7.4 The communication of potential, results, and products is inadequate......Page 47
1.7.6 The costs are too high for the deliverables......Page 48
1.7.7 Remote sensing of the Earth from space is generally suspect......Page 50
1.7.8 Societal and organizational barriers exist......Page 54
1.8 Models, models, models, models......Page 55
1.9 The inevitable compromise of aquatic remote sensing......Page 57
1.10 Some concluding comments......Page 61
Remote sensing of inland water quality: a science primer......Page 64
2.1 Remotely sensing the Earth from space......Page 65
2.2 Remotely sensing aquatic color from space......Page 67
2.3 Remotely sensing inland and coastal water quality from space......Page 68
2.4 The scientific methodology (forward and inverse models)......Page 71
2.5 Concluding remarks......Page 75
The science of remotely sensing case 2 water quality......Page 80
3.1 Aquatic optics and water color......Page 81
3.2 Case 1 and case 2 waters......Page 86
3.3 Inherent optical properties (optical cross section spectra)......Page 87
3.4 Forward and inverse optical modeling......Page 89
3.5 Trans-spectral processes......Page 93
3.6 Remote sensing reflectance......Page 100
3.7 The status of remote sensing science......Page 102
Applications of water quality products to environmental monitoring......Page 108
4.1 What do environmental end-users want?......Page 109
4.2 What do environmental end-users need?......Page 113
4.2.1 Wildlife/biodiversity......Page 114
4.2.2 Aquatic ecosystems (freshwater and marine ecosystems)......Page 116
4.2.3 Impacts of atmospheric change......Page 118
4.2.4 Impacts of land use......Page 123
4.2.6 Impacts of pesticides and toxic substances......Page 125
4.2.7 Impacts of resource exploitation......Page 126
4.2.8 Impacts of exotic species......Page 127
4.2.10 Cumulative impacts......Page 128
4.2.11 A summary of what environmental end-users might need......Page 129
4.3 What can environmental end-users be given?......Page 132
4.4 Benefits of incorporating remote estimates of water quality into environmental monitoring protocols: value-added remote sensing......Page 134
Inland and coastal (case 2) water quality products......Page 138
5.1 Providers and users: a marketplace reality check......Page 139
5.2 Applications of inland and coastal water color products......Page 142
5.3 Mapping water clarity......Page 143
5.4 Mapping chlorophyll concentrations (and primary production) of mid-oceanic (case 1) waters......Page 146
5.5 Mapping chlorophyll concentrations (and primary production) of optically complex inland and coastal (case 2) waters......Page 149
5.6 Monitoring the extent and progress of blue-green algae blooms and red tides......Page 160
5.7 Delineating the presence of inorganic turbidity in inland and coastal waters......Page 164
5.8 Monitoring the extent and progress of marine and inland oil spills......Page 167
5.9 Delineating the regional groundwater discharge, recharge, and transition areas (and temporal changes therein)......Page 170
5.10 Monitoring inland and coastal water quantity......Page 173
5.11 Recording natural and anthropogenic changes in shoreline/coastal features......Page 176
5.12 Recording changing configurations of continental ecozones......Page 181
5.13 Seagrass meadows: location and spatial distribution of substrate and substrate vegetation......Page 185
5.14 A lost opportunity to present an environmental manager with a compromise between science and usage of science......Page 187
5.15 Some comments on water quality monitoring......Page 189
Crystal-ball gazing at remote sensing of inland and coastal waters from space......Page 192
6.1 The United States, Canada, and space......Page 193
6.2 Addressing the chasm between Canadian inland and coastal water quality products and their potential end-users......Page 198
6.3 EOADP and GRIP......Page 204
6.4 The compact airborne spectrographic imager (CASI)......Page 206
6.5 Directions taken at CSIRO......Page 208
6.6 Suspended sediments recognized as independent CPAs?......Page 209
6.7 Back to the future with red wavelengths?......Page 210
Truth in advertising of remote sensing products......Page 216
7.1 Environmental science and the vagaries of populism......Page 217
7.2.1 Climate change (a.k.a. global warming)......Page 219
7.2.2 Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, and the ensuing environmental havoc......Page 221
7.2.3 Attacks on aquaculture practices as being detrimental to wild fish populations......Page 223
7.2.4 Subsection summary......Page 224
7.3 Quality science emergent from fear-instilling rhetoric......Page 225
7.4 Ground-level ultraviolet radiation and natural waters......Page 227
7.5 Environmental monitoring from space and controversy......Page 231
Acronyms......Page 234
Glossary......Page 238
References......Page 254
E......Page 270
M......Page 271
S......Page 272
Y......Page 273
