Safety in Petroleum Industries covers pertinent safety aspects and precautions to be taken for design, operation, maintenance, inspection and project constructions for petroleum industries, with an emphasis on petroleum refineries. Relevant practical knowledge and experience contributing to safe and sustained operation of the industry has been compiled with all necessary references. Identified areas where theoretical inputs are required have also been incorporated. Learning objectives for the petroleum industries have been identified and discussed in an organized manner based on author’s more than thirty-five years of experience in petroleum and chemical industries.
Aimed at practicing engineers in upstream and downstream petroleum industries, this book
Covers safety tips for operation of petroleum industries
Documents design codes, tools and practices including safe operating practices of different equipment and safety procedures in a single source
Includes detailed safety procedures like HAZOP, Safety Audit, management safety review, and process safety management
Contains dedicated chapters on Fire Fighting, and Industrial Hygiene and Ergonomics
Discusses first-hand experienced examples and burning issues in the petroleum industry
Author(s): Dhananjoy Ghosh
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 269
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Acknowledgments
Preface
Author
1. Preliminaries
1.1. Concept and Importance of Safety
1.2. Definition of Explosion and Its Relevance
1.3. Safety in Engineering
1.4. Safety in Petroleum Industries
1.4.1. Features of Petroleum Industries
1.4.2. Safety Aspects in Petroleum Industries
2. PSM (Process Safety Management)
2.1. Commitment to Safety
2.2. Understanding and Managing Risk
3. Organization Safety Procedures
3.1. Technology Selection
3.2. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)
3.2.1. Hazard Identification and Techniques (HAZID)
3.2.1.1. Hazard Indices and Categorization
3.2.1.2. Hazard Checklisting
3.2.2. Hazard Probability/Frequency of Occurrence Analysis
3.2.2.1. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
3.2.2.2. Event Tree Analysis (ETA)
3.2.3. Consequence Modeling/QRA
3.2.3.1. Modeling of Pool Fires
3.2.3.2. Modeling of Explosion
3.2.3.3. Dispersion Modeling
3.2.4. Risk and Its Categorizations
3.2.4.1. Risk Calculation
3.3. HAZOP Study
3.4. Adherence to Standards on Mechanical Engineering and Installation Criteria
3.5. Adherence to Standards with Advanced Instrumentation and Automation
3.5.1. Codes on Instrumentation
3.5.2. Safety Instrumented System (SIS)
3.6. Adherence to Standards in Electrical Equipment and Engineering
3.7. Plant Operation
3.8. Plant Maintenance and Inspection
3.9. Firefighting: Operation, Standards and Practices
3.9.1. Classification of Fire and Application of Fire Extinguisher Media
3.9.2. Firefighting Facilities and Their Upkeep in the Petroleum Industry
3.9.3. Evaluation of Fire Water Flow Rate Requirement in Refinery
3.9.4. Training and Development
3.10. Emergency Preparedness Program
3.11. Mock Drill and Management Review of Plant Safety
3.11.1. Mock Drill
3.11.2. Management Safety Review
3.12. Disaster Management Plan (DMP)
3.13. Loss Control Manual-A Reflection in Organization Safety
3.14. Hygiene and Ergonomics
3.14.1. Hygiene--Knowledge and Practices
3.14.1.1. Exposure to a Toxic Environment
3.14.1.2. Use of Quality Drinking Water
3.14.1.3. Healthy Diet and Kitchen Safety
3.14.2. Ergonomics--Knowledge and Practices
3.15. Safety Audit
3.15.1. ISA
3.15.2. ESA
3.16. Safety Culture
4. Project Safety
4.1. Construction Safety
4.2. Training
4.3. Safety Management in Construction
4.3.1. Safety Organogram
4.3.2. Hazard Identification and Analysis to Finalize Work Procedure
4.3.3. Safety-Related Deficiency Management
4.4. Other Key Drivers in Project Safety
5. Safety Performance Indicators
6. Safety Reporting
7. IFC Guidelines on EHS - Present Perspective
7.1. Industry-Specific Impacts and Management
7.1.1. Environmental
7.1.1.1. Air Emissions
7.1.1.1.1. Fugitive emissions
7.1.1.1.2. Particulate matters (PM)
7.1.1.1.3. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
7.1.1.2. Waste Water
7.1.1.2.1. Other waste water streams and water consumption
7.1.1.3. Hazardous Materials
7.1.1.4. Other Hazardous Waste
7.1.1.5. Noise
7.1.2. Occupational Health and Safety
7.1.2.1. Process Safety
7.1.2.2. Oxygen-Deficient Atmosphere
7.1.2.3. Chemical Hazards
7.1.2.4. Fire and Explosions
7.1.3. Community Health and Safety
7.1.3.1. Major Hazards
8. Safety Tips on Operations
8.1. Furnace
8.2. Distillation Column
8.3. Column/Vessel/Piping in General
8.4. Vessel
8.5. Heat Exchanger
8.6. Reactor
8.7. Compressor
8.8. Pump
8.9. Piping
8.10. Offsite
8.11. Quality Assurance System
8.12. Miscellaneous Safety Tips
9. Incident History and Case Studies
9.1. Incident History
9.2. Accident Case Studies in Petroleum Refineries
9.2.1. Case Studies Inside India
9.2.2. Case Studies Outside India
9.3. Accident Case Studies in Gas Processing Plants
References in Consequence Modeling
Index
