Author(s): R. Matthew Brach
Publisher: SAE International
Year: 2023
Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
A
A, B, C, D Pillars and Posts
AAAM
AACN
AADT
AASHTO
ABA
Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)
Abduction
ABS
ABS Configuration
ABS Modulator Valve
ACAT
ACC
Acceleration
Accelerator Pedal Position
Accelerometer
Accident Investigation (AI)
Accident Reconstruction (AR)
Accident Scene
Accident Site
Accident (Vehicle)
Ackerman Steer Angle
Ackerman Steer Angle Gradient
Ackerman Steering System
ACM
ACN
Acoustic Levels
Active Fault
Active Safety System
ADA
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
ADAS
Adduction
ADR
ADS
ADS-Dedicated Vehicle
AE
AEB
Aerodynamic Angle of Attack
Aerodynamic Sideslip Angle
AES
AF
AFLS
Aftercooler
AFV
Aggressivity
Agonistic Muscles
Agricultural Commodity Trailer
AHBC
AHP
AI
Airbag
AIS
ALA
ALC
Algorithm Enable (AE)
Aligning Moment (Aligning Torque, Self-Aligning Moment)
All Belts to Seat (ABTS)
All-Electric Range
AMA
Angular Acceleration
Angular Momentum
Angular Velocity
Animation
ANSI
Antagonistic Muscles
Anthropometry
Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD)
Anti-Compounding Valve
Anti-Dive
Antilock Brake System (ABS)
AOI
Apply Time
Approach Angle
Approach Speed
APS
APU
Aquaplaning
AR
Area of Impact (AOI)
Articulated Vehicle
Articulation Point
ASA
Asphalt
ATA
ATC
ATD
Attachment Face
Attachment Hardware (seat belt)
Automated Driving System (ADS)
Automatic Disconnect
Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB)
Automatic Emergency Steering (AES)
Automatic Locking Retractor (ALR)
Automatic Slack Adjuster
Auto-Stabilizing
Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
AV
Average Acceleration
Average Driver Workload
Avulsion
AWD
Axle
Axle, Pusher
Axle, Tag
B
BA
BAC
Backlite
Backlite Header
Ball Joint (Rod End)
Barrier Equivalent Velocity (BEV)
BAS
Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
BBC Dimension
BCM
BDR
Bead
Bead Seat
Bead Wire
Belt
Belt Edge
Belt Line
BEV
Bicycle
Bicycle Lane
Bicycle Model
Bight
Biofidelity
Biomechanics
BioRID Dummy
Bituminous Pavement
Black Box
Blacktop
Blind Spot
Blind Spot Warning (BSW)
BMP
BMS
Bobtail
BOF (BOFRP)
Bogie
Bolt Circle
Bolt Hole
BOP
Brake
Brake Assist System (BAS)
Brake Balance
Brake Burnish
Brake Chamber
Brake Dive
Brake Drum
Brake (Emergency)
Brake (Engine)
Brake Fade
Brake Pad
Brake Pedal Displacement (Brake Pedal Travel)
Brake Pedal Force
Brake Rotor
Brake (Service)
Brake Shoe
Brake Slip
Braking Distance
Braking Force
Braking Force (Peak)
Breakdown
Bridge Formula
BSD
BSM
BSW
BTO
BTS
BTSI
BTU
Buckle
Bus
Buttress
C
CA
CAA
CACC
CAD
Cadence
CAFE
CAN
Camber
Camber Force (Camber Thrust)
CARMA
Car Seat
CAS
Caster Angle
Caster Offset
CCC
CCD
CCM
CDA
CDL
CDR
CDW
Center Hole
Center of Gravity (CG)
Center of Impact
Center of Mass
Central Impact
Centripetal Acceleration
Cervical
CF
CFR
Change in Momentum
Change of Velocity
Channel
Charge Sustaining (CS) Mode
Child Restraint Anchorage System
Child Restraint System (CRS)
Chop
Chop the Throttle
CIB
CIREN
Class I Electrical System
Class II Electrical System
Clearance Lamp
Closing Speed
Closing Velocity
CMB
CMS
CMV
CO
CO2 (CO 2)
Coefficient of Friction
Coefficient of Restitution
Coefficient of Rolling Resistance
Cognitive Distraction
Collinear Collision
Collision
Collision Deformation Classification (CDC)
Collision Intervention
Combined Braking System (CBS)
Common Contact Point
Common Velocity Conditions
Compatibility (Vehicle)
Competing Activity
Complacency
Concentric Work
Concrete Pavement
Concussion
Conservation of Momentum
Conspicuity
Contact Damage
Contact Patch
Contact Point
Contact Surface
Contrast
Control Arm (Wishbone)
Contusion
Conventional Cruise Control (CCC)
Conventional Vehicle
Converter Dolly
Convertible Child Restraint
Convulsion
Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA)
Coordinate System, Vehicle
Cornering Coefficient
Cornering Stiffness
Counter Steer (Initiating a Turn)
Cover the Brake
CPR
Crack Pressure
CRAF
Crankcase Ventilation
Crash
Crash Bars
Crash Duration
Crash Pulse
Crash Reconstruction
Crash Scene
Crash Site
CRASH3
Crashworthiness
Critical Speed
Critical Speed Formula
Critical Speed Scuff
Crown
Cruise Control
Crumple Zone
Crush Area
Crush Equivalent Speed
Crush Profile
Crush Stiffness
Crush Stiffness Coefficient
CTA
CTE
Curb Trip
Curb Weight
Cutaneous
CVT
D
DA
Damper
DCFC
DDD
DDT
DDW
DFW
Debeaded (Unbuttoned)
Decibel
Degloving
Delta-t ( . t or . t)
Delta-V (. V)
Departure Velocity
Deployment (Event)
Deployment Level (Event)
Design Glass Outline (DGO)
Designated Seating Position
DGO
DGPS
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
Direction of Principal Force (DOPF)
Disc
Dispatch (in Driverless Operation)
Disposal
Distal
Divot
DLC
DMS
DOE
DOI
Dolly
Dolly Hitch
Dorsiflexion
DoT, DOT
Double Cap Nut
Double Clutching
Double Insulation
Doubles (Double Bottom)
D-Point
Drag Factor
Drag Force
Drag Link
Drag Sled
Drift
Driver
Driver Automation Abuse
Driver Distraction
Driver Workload
Driverless Operation
Driveshaft
Drivetrain
Driving Automation
Driving Automation Bias
Driving Automation Disuse
Driving Automation Misuse
Drop Axle
Drowsiness
DTC
Dual-Mode Vehicle
Dual Wheels
Dump Body
Dump the Clutch
Dura Mater
DVI
DWPT
DWT
DXF
Dynamic Crush
Dynamic Driving Task (DDT)
Dynamic Driving Task Fallback (DDT Fallback)
E
EBS (Electronic Braking System)
Eccentric Contraction
Eccentric Impact
Eccentric Work
ECE
ECI
ECM
ECP
EDA
EDS
EDR
Effective Rolling Radius (Re)
18-Wheeler
Elastic Deformation
Elastic Impact
Electrical Barrier
Electromyography (EMG)
Electronic Control Module (ECM)
Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
Electronic Data Recorder (EDR)
Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
EMC
Emergency Locking Retractor (ELR)
EMG
EMI
End Over (Also Pitch Over)
End of Event Time
Energy Equivalent Speed (EES)
Energy Equivalent Velocity
Engine Brake
Engine Control Module (ECM)
Engine RPM
Engine Stop Switch
Engine Throttle, Percent Full
EPA
EPS
ERI
ESC
ESD
ESP
Equalizing Hitch (Weight Distributing Hitch)
Equivalent Barrier Speed (EBS)
Equivalent Test Deformation
Equivalent Test Speed (ETS)
ESC
ESP
ETC
ETMS
ETR
EU
Eutactic Behavior
EVC
Event
Event Data Recorder (EDR)
Event Trigger
EVWS
EXIF
Extension
F
FAA
FAF
Fairing
Fallback-Ready User
Farm Tractor
FARS
FARs
Fatigue
Fatigue Curve
Fatigue Fracture
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
FCA
FCEV
FCW
FCWS
FDA
Federal Motor Vehicle Standard (FMVSS)
FHWA
Fifth Wheel
First Contact Position
First Contact Velocity
5-Point Harness
Fixed Object
FLC
Flexion
Flip
Floor Boards or Floorboards
FLR
FMCSA
FMCSR
FMEA
FMVSS
Foot Pegs
Footprint
Fork Assembly
Forward Projection Pedestrian Collision
Foul (or Foul of a Railroad Track)
Four-Channel ABS
Four-Point Transformation
4WD
Foveal Field of View (Central Field of View)
FRA
Frame
Frame Body
Free-Rolling Cornering Tire
Free-Rolling Tire
Friction
Friction Circle (or Friction Ellipse)
Friction Coefficient
Frictional Drag Coefficient
Frictional Drag Factor
Front/Side/Rear Impact Event
Frontal Impact
Frontal Plane
FTA
FTA
Fuel-Cell Module
Full Brake Application
Full Throttle
Full Trailer
Furrow
Fusible Link
Fusion
FWD
G
GA
GAW
GAWR
GCW
GCWR
Gear Ratio, Axle
Gear Shift Pedal
Geometric Stability Ratio (T/(2H))
GFHB
GHG
GIF
GIS
Gladhands or Glad Hands
Glare
Glider or Glider Kit
GMLAN
Goniometer
Gore
Gouge or Gouge Mark
GPS
Grade
Groove
Gross Combination Weight
Gross Combination Weight Rating
Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW)
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
Ground Clearance
Guide Loop
GVW
GVWR
H
Handhold
HAPs
Harshness
HDC
Head Excursion
Head Injury Criteria (HIC)
Heading Angle, .
Head-On Impact
Head-Up Display (HUD)
Heavy Truck (HT)
Heavy Truck Classifications
Heavy Vehicle Event Data Recorder (HVEDR)
Hematoma
HELP
HEV
High Side
High Voltage
Hitch
HLA
HMIS
HOS
Hot Shock
HPMS
H-Point (Hip Point)
HSI
HSR
HTF
Hub Mount Wheel
HUD
Hurt Report
HV
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
Hybrid Vehicle (HV)
Hydraulic Hybrid
Hydroplaning
Hyperextension
Hyperflexion
I
IBET
ICC
ICE
Ignition Cycle, Crash
Ignition Cycle, Download
IHBC
Illumination
Imaging
Impact
Impact Center (IC)
Impact Force (Lever Arm) Moment Arm
Impact Velocity
Impulse
Impulse Moment Arm
Impulse Ratio
Independent Suspension
Independently Controlled Wheel
Indirectly Controlled Wheel
Induced Damage
Initial Contact
Injury
INS
Instantaneous Center of Motion
Instantaneous Driver Workload
Intercooler
Intermodal Transportation
Interphalangeal Joints
Intervehicular Contact Surface
Intervehicular Crush Plane
Intrusion
IPAS
IPCC
IRCOBI
ISA
Ischial Tuberosities
ISO
Isotonic
ISTEA
ITS
J
Jackknife
Jerk
Jounce
JPEG
K
Kinematics
Kinesiology
Kinetic Energy
Kinetics
Kingpin
Kingpin Inclination
Kingpin Offset
Knuckle (Hub Carrier, Upright)
KPH
KPI
L
LA
LAN
Lane Departure Warning (LDW)
Lane Keeping Assist (LKA)
Lane Splitting
LATCH (Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children)
Latch Plate
LCA
LDW
Leading Edge
Levels of Driving Automation
Lidar
Lift Axle
Ligament
Light
Light Truck
Light Utility Vehicle
Light Vehicle
Limited-Slip Differential
LKA
LKAS
LNG
Localization
Locked Event
Locked Wheel
Locked-Wheel Skid Mark
Locomotion
Longitudinal Stiffness
Lordosis
Low Side
Low-Speed Vehicle (LSV)
LPG
LSP
LTV
Lugging
Lumbar
LV
M
M2M
MAIS
MAIT
MAP
Master Cylinder
Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS)
Maximum Crush Depth
Maximum Delta–V, Lateral
Maximum Delta–V, Longitudinal
Maximum Delta–V, Resultant
Maximum Engagement
MDB
Metacarpal
Metatarsal
MIC
Microsleep
MID
Middle Ordinate
MIL
Minibike
Minimal Risk Condition
Minimum Set Speed
MMUCC
Modulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus)
Moment of Inertia
Momentum
Monitoring the Driving Environment
Monitor the User
Monitoring Vehicle Performance
Moped
Motorcoach
Motorcycle
Motor Vehicle
MPG
MPGe
MPV
MOD
Modulator Valve
Motorcycle Category
Motorcycle Crash Modes
Motorcyclist
Movement Time
MPH
MSF
MTBE
MTC
Multipiece Rim
Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (MPV)
MUTCD
MY
Myoelectric Signal
N
NASS
Navigation
NCAP
NDR
Neutral Steer
Newton’s First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)
Newton’s Second Law of Motion (Law of Acceleration)
Newton’s Third Law of Motion (Law of Action and Reaction)
NHTSA
Nondeployment Event
Nonvolatile Memory
NOX (NOx and NO x)
NPTS
NTL
NTSB
O
OAL
OAW
OBD
OBD-II
Object and Event Detection and Response
Oblique Impact
Occipital
Occupant Compartment
Occupant Size Classification
ODD
ODI
OEDR
OEDR Reaction Time
OEM
Offset
Off-Tracking
On-Road Rollover
OPEC
Operate (a Motor Vehicle)
Operational Design Domain (ODD)
Orbital
ORC
OTR
Overall Driver Workload
Overhang, Front/Rear
Overlap
Overreliance
Override
Oversteer
Overturning Moment
P
PAEB
PAR
Parking Brake
Parking Collision Warning (PCW)
Passenger
Passenger Car
Pathology
Payload
Payout
PCM
PCR
PCW
PD
PDOF
PDR Time
Peak Friction Coefficient
Pedestrian Center of Gravity (Pedestrian CG)
Perception
Perception-Decision-Reaction Time (Response Time)
Perception-Response Time (PRT)
Peripheral Field of View
PEV
PFD
PHEV
Photogrammetry
Physiological Response
Physiology
PID
PIM
Pintle Hook
Pitch, Roll, Yaw
Pitman Arm
Planar Impact
Planar Impact Mechanics (PIM)
Plantar Flexion
Plastic Impact
Plow
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
Plysteer
PM-10
PM-2.5
PMT
Pneumatic Timing
Pneumatic Tire
PNG
Pocket Bike
Point of Contact
Point of Impact (POI)
Point Mass
Point Mass Impact Mechanics
Point of Rest
Pole Trailer
Postcollision Trajectory
Postcrash Damage
Postimpact Speed
Postimpact Trajectory
Postimpact Velocity
Power Factor
Power Takeoff
Powertrain
Preimpact Velocity
Pretensioner
Primary Line of Sight
Principal Direction of Force (PDOF)
Prone
Propeller Shaft
Proportioning Valve
PRNDL
PSMD
PTC
PTO
Pup or Pup Trailer
Pusher Axle
PUV
Q
Quick-Release Valve
R
Rack and Pinion Steering Gear
Radius of Gyration
Rake Angle
Range of motion
Range
RB
RCM
RCTA
Reaction Time
Rebound
Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS)
Recirculating-Ball Steering Gear
Reconstruction
Reefer
Regenerative Braking (RB)
Reinforced Insulation
Release Timing
Remote Driver
Remote Parking Assistance
Request to Intervene
Residual Crush
RESS
Rest Position
Retreaded Tire
Reverse Projection Photogrammetry
RFG
RFI
RICSAC
Rigid Body
Rim
Rim Flange
Rim Size Designation
Road Operator
Road Plane
Road Rash
Road Surface
Road User
Rocker Shifter
Roll
Rollbar
Rolling Moment (Rolling Resistance Moment)
Rolling Radius
Rolling Resistance
Rollout
Rollover
ROPS
ROR
RPM
RTC
RV
RVC
RWD
S
SAD
SAE Coordinate System
Safety Envelope
Safety Chain
Safety Critical Event
Safing (Arming) Sensor
Sagittal Plane
SAI (SA)
S-Cam Brakes
Scientific Method
Scoliosis
Scrape
Scratch
Scuff Mark
SDD
SDM
Seat Belt Anchorage
Seat Belt Assembly
Seat System
Seating Reference Point (SgRP)
Secondary Control Adaptation
Second Impact
Secondary Impact
Section Height
SEE
Semi
Semitrailer
Separation
Separation Speed
Separation Velocity
Service Brake, On and Off
Service Brake System
SgRP
Shimmy
Shock Absorber
Shoulder Reference Point (SHRP)
SID
Side Airbag
Side Curtain/Tube Airbag
Side Rail
Side Stand
Sideslip
Sideslip Angle, Tire
Sideslip Angle, Vehicle
Sideslip Coefficient
Sideslip Stiffness
Sideswipe Collision
Sidewall
Simulation
SIPDE
Sipe (Also Siping; Kerf)
SIR
SI System of Units
Skid
Skid Number
Skid Mark
Sliding Friction Coefficient
Slip
Slip Angle, Tire
Slip Speed
Slip Stiffness
SO2 (SO 2)
SOC
Soil Trip
Solenoid
Solid-Axle Suspension
Sound Level
SPA
Speed
Speed, Vehicle Indicated
Sphenoid Bone
SPI
Spin
Spinout
Spring Brake
Sprung Mass
Supination
Stabilizer Bar (Anti-Roll Bar, Anti-Sway Bar)
Static Crush
Static Roll Stability Limit (Static Rollover Threshold)
Statics
Static Stability Factor (SSF)
Steer Angle
Steering Axis (Kingpin Axis)
Steering Gear
Steering Input
Steering Ratio
Steering Wheel Angle
Stiffness Coefficient
Stoppie
Stopping Distance
STRAHNET
Straight Free-Rolling Tire
Strain
Stress
Striations
Strut
Stud-Mount Wheels
Subcutaneous
Subdural Hematoma
Submarining
Supercharger
Superelevation
Super Single Tire
Supine
Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)
Suspension
SUV
SVC
System Failure (DDT Performance Relevant)
T
Tag Axle
Tandem Axles
Tare Weight
Target Fixation
TAU
TCS
TEA-21
Thorax
Three-Axis Vehicle Coordinate System
3-Point Harness
Throw Distance
TIFF (TIF)
Time (Maximum Delta–V, Longitudinal)
Time (Maximum Delta–V, Resultant)
Time Duration of Impact Event
Time End (End of Impact Event)
Time Zero (Beginning of an Impact Event)
Tire
Tire and Wheel Coordinate System (Z-Down)
Tire Aspect Ratio
Tire Belt (Breaker)
Tire Carcass (Body; Casing)
Tire Cord
Tire Deflection
Tire DOT Code
Tire Footprint (Contact Patch)
Tire Force
Tire Groove
Tire Inflation Pressure
Tire Inner Liner
Tire Load Index
Tire Lower Sidewall
Tire Lug or Block
Tire Marks
Tire Moment
Tire Overall (Outside) Diameter
Tire Overall Width
Tire Ply
Tire Section Height
Tire Section Width
Tire Service Description (Load/Speed Index)
Tire Sidewall
Tire Size Designation (for Metric Passenger Car and Light Truck Tires)
Tire Slip Angle (Also Tire Sideslip Angle)
Tire Speed Symbol
Tire Splice
Tire Structure (Construction)
Tire Tread
Tire Tread Crown
Tire Tread Element (Projection)
Tire Tread Pattern
Tire Tread Shoulder
Tire Tread Wear Indicator (Wear Bar)
Tire Upper Sidewall
Tire Void
TLR
Toe-In/Toe-Out
Tolerance Level
Tone Wheel
Tooth Wheel
Top Tether
Total Station
Track Width
Tractor
Tractor Protection Valve
Tractor, Semitrailer (also Tractor-Semitrailer)
Tractor Trailer
Traffic Participant
Trailer
Trailer Assistance
Trailing Edge
Trajectory
Tramp
Transaxle
Transfer Case
Transmission
TRB
Tread Depth
Tread Pattern
Trigger Threshold
Trim Height
Trip Point
Trochanter
Truck
Truck Classifications
Truck Deformation Classification (TDC)
Truck Tractor
TSA
TSB
TSC
TSR
TTC
Tuck-In
Turbocharger
Turning Radius
U
UA
Underride
Understeer
Uniform Acceleration
Unladen Weight
Unlocked Event
Unsprung Mass
Unstabilized Situation
Untripped Rollover
User
User Monitoring and Prompting System (UMAPS)
USGS
UST
V
V2H
V2I
V2V
Valve Hole
Vault
VCE
Vehicle
Vehicle Coordinate System
Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
Vehicle Length
Vehicle Width
Vehicle Roll Angle
Velocity
Velocity-Time Curve
Viewing Angle
VIIC
Visual Adaptation
Visual Distraction
Visual Perception
V-MAC
VMT
VOC
VOQ
VRDU
VRTC
VSS
W
WAD
Wake-Up
Wash Out
Waypoint
WB
WCS
Weight-Carrying Hitch
Weight Shift
Well
Wheel (Rim-Disc Assembly)
Wheel (Tire-Wheel Assembly)
Wheelbase (WB)
Wheelbase, Trailer
Wheel Contact Center (Center-of-Tire Contact, Tire Coordinate System Origin)
Wheel Contact Line
Wheel Hop
Wheel Loaded Radius (Wheel Center Height), R L
Wheel Offset
Wheel Slip
Wheel Slip Angle (Also Wheel Sideslip Angle)
Wheel Slip Coefficient
Wheel Speed Sensor
Wheel Track
Wheel Wobble
Whiplash-Associated Disorder (WAD)
Windshield Header
Wobble Mode
Work-Energy Principle
World Model
WOT
Wrap Pedestrian Collision
WWC
WWDW
X
XBR
X Direction
Y
Yaw
Yaw Angle
Yaw Mark
Yaw Moment of Inertia
Yaw Rate
Y Direction
Z
Z Direction
References
Appendix A: Units and Numbers
Significant Figures
Rounding of Numbers
Consistency of Significant Figures When Adding and Subtracting
Consistency of Significant Figures When Multiplying and Dividing
Other Forms of Number Manipulation
Index
About the Author
Back Cover
