This book provides a clear, concise, complete and authoritative introduction to System Architecture Evolution (SAE) standardization work and its main outcome: the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), including potential services and operational scenarios. After providing an insightful overview of SAE's historical development, the book gives detailed explanations of the EPC architecture and key concepts as an introduction. In-depth technical descriptions of EPC follow, including thorough functional accounts of the different components of EPC, protocols, network entities and procedures. Case studies of deployment scenarios show how the functions described within EPC are placed within a live network context, while a description of the services that are predicted to be used shows what EPC as a core network can enable. This book is an essential resource for professionals and students who need to understand the latest developments in SAE and EPC, the 'engine' that connects broadband access to the internet. All of the authors have from their positions with Ericsson been actively involved in GPRS, SAE and 3GPP from a business and technical perspective for many years. Several of the authors have also been actively driving the standardization efforts within 3GPP. "There is no doubt that this book, which appears just when the mobile industry starts its transition away from legacy GSM/GPRS and UMTS networks into the future will become the reference work on SAE/LTE. There are no better qualified persons than the authors of this book to provide both communication professionals and an interested general public with insights into the inner workings of SAE/LTE. Not only are they associated with one of the largest mobile network equipment vendors in the world, they have all actively contributed to and, in some cases, been the driving forces behind the development of SAE/LTE within 3GPP." - from the foreword by Dr. Ulf Nilsson, TeliaSonera R&D, Mobility Core and Connectivity "The authors have done an excellent job in writing this book. Their familiarity with the requirements, concepts and solution alternatives, as well as the standardization work allows them to present the material in a way that provides easy communication between Architecture and Standards groups and Planning/ Operational groups within service provider organizations." - from the foreword by Dr. Kalyani Bogineni, Principal Architect, Verizon Up-to-date coverage of SAE including the latest standards developmentEasily accessible overview of the architecture and concepts defined by SAEThorough description of the Evolved Packet Core for LTE, fixed and other wireless accessesComprehensive explanation of SAE key concepts, security and Quality-of-ServiceCovers potential service and operator scenarios including interworking with existing 3GPP and 3GPP2 systemsDetailed walkthrough of network entities, protocols and proceduresWritten by established experts in the SAE standardization process, all of whom have extensive experience and understanding of its goals, history and vision
Author(s): Magnus Olsson, Shabnam Sultana, Stefan Rommer, Lars Frid, Catherine Mulligan
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 464
Copyright
......Page 2
Foreword by Dr. Ulf Nilsson......Page 3
Foreword by Dr. Kalyani Bogineni......Page 5
Preface
......Page 7
Acknowledgements
......Page 12
Introduction – Background and Vision of EPC......Page 13
Mobile broadband and the core network evolution......Page 14
The need for global standards......Page 15
Origins of the EPC......Page 16
3GPP radio access technologies......Page 17
Other forums involved in SAE......Page 20
SAE – building bridges between different networks......Page 21
Introducing EPC – an operator’s and end-user’s perspective......Page 23
Impact of standardization processes on SAE......Page 25
Terminologies used in this book......Page 30
Overview of EPS......Page 33
EPS Architecture......Page 34
Basic IP connectivity over LTE access......Page 38
Adding more advanced functionality for LTE access......Page 42
Interworking between LTE and GSM/GPRS or WCDMA/HSPA
......Page 44
Interworking between LTE and CDMA networks......Page 52
Interworking between 3GPP access technologies and non-3GPP access technologies......Page 55
Support for voice services......Page 58
Miscellaneous features......Page 60
Mobile devices......Page 62
Different types of devices......Page 63
Some challenges......Page 65
Concluding words on mobile devices......Page 68
Overview of radio networks for mobile services......Page 69
Functionality of radio networks......Page 70
GSM......Page 73
WCDMA......Page 74
LTE......Page 75
EPS deployment scenarios and operator cases......Page 79
Scenario 1: EPS with LTE deployment with existing 3GPP installations
......Page 80
Scenario 2: LTE and EPS for Greenfield operators......Page 85
Scenario 3: LTE and EPS deployment for 3GPP2 operators
......Page 86
Scenario 4: WiMAX and WLAN operators......Page 88
Scenario 5: Consideration for EPC-only deployment with existing 2G/3G accesses
......Page 89
Data services......Page 91
A note on application development......Page 93
Voice services......Page 94
Voice services based on circuit-switched technology......Page 95
Voice services with IMS technology......Page 97
Realization of voice over LTE......Page 99
Voice services using IMS technology......Page 100
Single-radio voice call continuity......Page 101
Circuit-switched fallback......Page 102
Comparing SRVCC and CSFB......Page 103
Messaging services......Page 104
Key Concepts......Page 106
General......Page 107
The PDN connectivity service......Page 109
Relation between EPC, application and transport layers......Page 111
IP addresses......Page 112
The EPS bearer for E-UTRAN access......Page 117
User plane aspects......Page 118
Control plane aspects......Page 121
Bearers in PMIP- and GTP-based deployments......Page 122
Session management for EPS and GERAN/UTRAN accesses......Page 124
Session management for other accesses......Page 125
General......Page 126
Cellular idle-mode mobility management......Page 127
Cellular active-mode mobility......Page 130
Mobility between E-UTRAN and HRPD......Page 131
Generic mobility between 3GPP and non-3GPP accesses......Page 134
IP mobility mode selection......Page 136
Idle mode signalling reduction (ISR)......Page 138
ISR activation......Page 139
ISR deactivation......Page 141
Identifiers and corresponding legacy IDs......Page 142
Temporary subscriber identifiers......Page 143
Relation to subscription identifiers in 2G/3G......Page 145
Pooling and overload protection......Page 146
Introduction......Page 149
Introduction......Page 150
Security domains......Page 151
Access security in E-UTRAN......Page 153
Interworking with GERAN/UTRAN......Page 159
Access security in trusted non-3GPP accesses......Page 161
Access security in untrusted non-3GPP access......Page 162
Special considerations for host-based mobility DSMIPv6......Page 164
Network domain security......Page 165
Lawful intercept......Page 167
General......Page 170
General......Page 171
Differences compared to QoS for pre-EPS GERAN/UTRAN
......Page 172
QoS parameters of an EPS bearer......Page 173
APN-AMBR and UE-AMBR......Page 177
User plane handling......Page 178
Interworking with GERAN/UTRAN......Page 180
QoS aspects when interworking with other accesses......Page 181
Introduction......Page 182
The PCC Architecture......Page 183
Multi-access and the off-path PCC model......Page 185
PCC......Page 186
PCC decisions, the PCC rule and the QoS rule......Page 188
Use cases......Page 190
Bearer binding......Page 194
Service Data Flow detection......Page 195
Events and renewed policy decisions......Page 196
Network vs. terminal-initiated QoS control......Page 199
PCC and roaming......Page 202
Charging......Page 204
Architecture overview for selection functions......Page 215
Selection procedure at a glance......Page 216
Use of DNS infrastructure......Page 219
DNS sub-domain for operator usage in EPC......Page 220
Access point name (APN)......Page 221
MME selection......Page 222
SGSN selection function for EPS......Page 224
PDN GW selection function......Page 225
Serving GW selection function......Page 228
Handover (non-3GPP access) and PDN GW selection......Page 229
PCRF selection......Page 230
The Nuts and Bolts of EPC......Page 233
EPS network entities and interfaces......Page 234
Network entities......Page 236
Mobility management entity......Page 237
PDN GW......Page 238
General......Page 239
Protocol......Page 240
MME ↔ MME (S10)......Page 241
MME ↔ Serving GW (S11)......Page 242
SGSN ↔ MME (S3)......Page 243
SGSN ↔ SGSN (S16)......Page 244
UE ↔ eNodeB ↔ Serving GW ↔ PDN GW (GTP-U)......Page 245
UE ↔ UTRAN ↔ Serving GW ↔ PDN GW (GTP-U)......Page 246
UE ↔ UTRAN ↔ SGSN ↔ Serving GW ↔ PDN GW (GTP-U)......Page 247
Protocol......Page 248
Interface functionality......Page 249
Protocol......Page 250
Protocol......Page 251
Protocol......Page 252
General......Page 253
Interface functionality......Page 254
General......Page 255
Interface functionality......Page 256
Protocol......Page 257
Interface functionality......Page 258
General......Page 259
Protocol......Page 260
Interface functionality......Page 261
Protocol......Page 262
Interface functionality......Page 263
Interface functionality......Page 264
Protocol......Page 265
Protocol......Page 266
Interface functionality......Page 267
Interface functionality......Page 268
General......Page 269
Protocol......Page 270
Protocol......Page 271
Protocol......Page 272
Protocol......Page 273
ANDSF-related interfaces......Page 274
Discovery Information node......Page 276
MME ↔ eHRPD access network (S101)......Page 277
General......Page 280
Functions......Page 281
GPRS tunnelling protocol overview
......Page 283
Protocol structure......Page 286
Control plane (GTPv2-C)......Page 291
User plane (GTPv1-U)......Page 295
Protocol format......Page 296
Basic principles of mobile IP......Page 300
Bootstrapping......Page 302
Routing of packets......Page 303
Movement and update of the binding......Page 304
Movement and de-registration......Page 305
Mobile IPv6 security......Page 306
Packet format......Page 307
User plane......Page 309
Dual-stack operation......Page 310
Additional MIPv6 features – route optimization......Page 312
Proxy Mobile IPv6......Page 313
Basic principles......Page 314
PMIPv6 security......Page 317
PMIPv6 packet format......Page 318
Dual-stack operation......Page 319
Protocol structure......Page 320
Diameter nodes......Page 321
Diameter sessions, connections and transport......Page 322
Peer discovery......Page 324
Diameter message format......Page 325
Basic protocol aspects......Page 326
GRE packet format......Page 328
S1-AP......Page 329
EPS mobility management......Page 330
EPS session management......Page 331
Message structure......Page 332
Future extensions and backward compatibility......Page 333
IPSec overview......Page 334
Encapsulated security payload and authentication header......Page 335
Internet key exchange......Page 338
IKEv2 mobility and multi-homing......Page 339
Extensible authentication protocol......Page 340
Protocol......Page 341
Stream control transmission protocol......Page 343
Basic protocol features......Page 344
Multi-streaming......Page 346
Multi-homing......Page 347
Packet structure......Page 348
Attach procedure for E-UTRAN......Page 350
UE-initiated detach procedure......Page 353
General......Page 354
Attach procedure in untrusted non-3GPP access using PMIPv6 (S2b)......Page 355
Detach procedure in untrusted non-3GPP access using PMIPv6 (S2b)......Page 356
Attach procedure in trusted non-3GPP access using DSMIPv6 (S2c)
......Page 357
Detach procedure in trusted non-3GPP access using DSMIPv6 (S2c)
......Page 358
Tracking Area update procedure
......Page 359
TA update with MME change......Page 360
Triggers for TA update......Page 362
3GPP radio access......Page 363
Overall description......Page 368
Optimized handover for eHRPD access......Page 379
undefined......Page 386
Dedicated bearer activation......Page 393
UE-initiated resource request, modification and release......Page 395
UE-initiated secondary PDP context establishment......Page 396
Network requested secondary PDP context activation......Page 397
Single radio voice call continuity......Page 399
SRVCC from E-UTRAN to GERAN or UTRAN......Page 400
SRVCC from E-UTRAN to 1xRTT......Page 402
CS fallback......Page 403
Conclusion and Future of EPS......Page 405
Conclusions and looking ahead......Page 406
Concluding words......Page 409
References......Page 410
IETF RFCs......Page 414
ITU Recommendations......Page 417
Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)......Page 418
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)......Page 421
Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)......Page 422
SAE/EPC specifications......Page 423
Ericsson Developer Connection and Ericsson Labs......Page 429
Sony Ericsson Developer World......Page 430
Abbreviations......Page 431
D
......Page 439
H
......Page 440
M
......Page 441
P
......Page 442
S
......Page 443
X
......Page 444
