This book aims to provide a comprehensive statistical picture of the Russian economic development covering the Imperial, Soviet, and New Russian periods. The authors have reconstructed Russian socio-economic statistics from both published and archival materials. The book gives concise descriptions as well as new insights on the Russian economic development. Compiled such that estimations by the authors are kept to a minimum and extensive explanations and notes on the sources, the definitions, the statistical methodologies, the problems and inconsistencies of the original data, and the pitfalls of interpreting the time series are given makes this a standard reference book of the Russian economic history. It will be of value to economists, scholars of collectivist economics, and scholars of Russia and the Soviet experience.
Author(s): Masaaki Kuboniwa, Yasushi Nakamura, Kazuhiro Kumo, Yoshisada Shida
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2019
Language: English
Pages: 463
Tags: European Economics, Russian Economic Development
Preface......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
List of Contributors......Page 12
Abbreviations......Page 13
List of Figures......Page 15
List of Tables......Page 26
1.1 Purpose of the Book......Page 29
1.2 Territorial Transformation......Page 31
1.3 Structure of the Book......Page 39
1.4 Analytical Examples Using the Results of the Book and Related Data......Page 45
1.5 Remaining Tasks......Page 66
References......Page 67
2.1 Introduction......Page 70
2.2 State Statistics in the Russian Empire......Page 71
2.3 State Statistics in the Soviet Union......Page 74
2.3.1 Early Period of the Soviet Union (1917 to the 1920s)......Page 75
2.3.2 Stalin Period (the 1930s to the First Half of the 1950s)......Page 76
2.3.3 Late Period of the Soviet Union (the Second Half of the 1950s to 1991)......Page 78
2.4 State Statistics in the Russian Federation......Page 80
References......Page 83
3.1 Introduction......Page 86
3.2.1 Population Research on the Imperial and Soviet Eras......Page 88
3.2.2 Recent Research Trends......Page 91
3.3.1 Household Censuses (Reviziia) in Imperial Russia......Page 94
3.3.2 Compilation of Population Statistics by the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of the Interior......Page 95
3.3.3 Statistical Organization and Population Statistics in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia......Page 98
3.4.1 Population Statistics from Imperial Russia......Page 101
3.4.2 Population Statistics in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia and Problems Relating to Them......Page 105
3.5 Results......Page 107
3.6 Challenges Remaining......Page 121
3.6.1 Reliability of Imperial-Era Data and Estimates for Non-European Regions of Russia......Page 122
3.6.3 Surveys of Statistics for During and Immediately After World War II......Page 123
Appendix: Time Series of Alternative Estimates of the Total Population of the Territory Covered by the Present Russian Federation in the Imperial Era......Page 125
References......Page 127
4.1 Introduction......Page 131
4.2 Historical Development of Labor Statistics......Page 135
4.3 Basic Concepts in Labor Statistics......Page 137
4.3.1 Soviet Methodology of Labor Statistics......Page 138
4.3.2 Labor Resource Fund and Economically Active Population......Page 140
4.3.3 Employed and Unemployed in the New-Russian Labor Statistics......Page 143
4.4 Long-Term Series of Labor Statistics......Page 145
4.4.1 Economically Active Population and Employed......Page 146
4.4.3 Employed Persons by Industrial Sector......Page 148
4.4.4 Trends in the Labor Force After World War II......Page 155
References......Page 157
5.1 Introduction......Page 159
5.2 Agricultural Statistics in Imperial Russia......Page 160
5.3 Agriculture for the Soviet Union and the Russian Republic......Page 178
5.4.1 Production Statistics......Page 186
5.4.2 Issues with Production Statistics......Page 191
5.4.3 Kolkhoz and Sovkhoz Statistics......Page 196
5.4.4 Labor Statistics......Page 200
5.5 Agriculture and Agricultural Statistics in the Russian Federation......Page 201
References......Page 206
6.1 Introduction......Page 208
6.2 Industrial Statistics in the Russian Empire......Page 209
6.3 Industrial Statistics in Soviet Russia......Page 221
6.4 Industrial Statistics in the Russian Federation......Page 236
References......Page 243
7.1 Introduction......Page 246
7.2.1 Monetary and Financial System in the Imperial Period......Page 250
7.2.2 Monetary and Financial Statistics in the Imperial Period......Page 255
7.3.1 Monetary and Financial System in the Soviet Period......Page 258
7.3.2 Monetary and Financial Statistics in the Soviet Period......Page 266
7.4.1 Monetary and Financial System in the New Russia Period......Page 268
7.4.2 Monetary and Financial Statistics in the New Russia Period......Page 270
References......Page 272
8.1 Introduction......Page 275
8.2.1 Outline and Sources of the Budget Statistics......Page 277
8.2.2 Revenues of the State Budget......Page 279
8.2.3 Expenditures of the State Budget......Page 283
8.2.4 Emergent Revenues of the State Budget (Financing of Budget Deficits)......Page 285
8.3.1 Outline and Problems of Budget Statistics......Page 286
8.3.2 Data Sources......Page 289
8.4.1 Outline and Problems of Budget Statistics......Page 292
8.4.3 Result of the Estimation and Remaining Problems......Page 295
8.5.1 Data......Page 297
8.5.2 Budget Deficits and Their Financing......Page 298
8.5.3 Direct Taxes and Economic Development......Page 303
8.5.4 Defense Expenditures......Page 305
8.5.5 Indirect Taxes......Page 306
8.5.6 Socio-cultural Expenditures......Page 309
8.5.7 Changes in the 2000s and Customs Duties......Page 310
Appendix......Page 311
References......Page 312
9.2 Materials......Page 314
9.3 Previous Research......Page 315
9.4 Trade of Imperial Russia......Page 316
9.5.1 Imports and Exports by Product......Page 318
“Residual” Trade Items......Page 319
Exchange Rate......Page 321
Trade During World War II and Lend-Lease......Page 322
9.5.2 Imports and Exports by Region......Page 323
9.5.3 The Long Trend of Soviet Trade (1918–1991)......Page 328
9.6 Trade in the Russian Federation, 1992–2010......Page 333
Appendix......Page 336
References......Page 337
10.1 Introduction......Page 339
10.2 Origin of Soviet Formula for Foreign Trade Earnings......Page 341
10.3 Estimation of Foreign Trade Earnings in the Soviet National Accounting......Page 344
10.4 Concluding Remarks......Page 353
References......Page 354
11.1.1 Historical Background......Page 356
11.1.2 The Estimation Method......Page 358
11.1.3 Results......Page 361
11.1.4 Checking Estimation Biases......Page 364
11.1.5 International Comparisons......Page 365
11.1.6 Outlook: Growth and Volatility......Page 370
11.2.2 Outline of the Estimation Method......Page 375
11.2.3 Conversion from MPS to SNA......Page 377
11.2.4 Estimation of Nominal Value Added and GDP......Page 378
11.2.5 Sectoral Growth Rates......Page 386
11.2.6 GDP Growth Rates of the Russian Republic......Page 392
11.2.7 International Comparison......Page 397
11.2.8 Economic Background of the Soviet Collapse......Page 399
11.2.9 Comparison of the Growth Paths of Japan and Russia......Page 403
11.3.1 Informal Economy in the Soviet System......Page 406
11.3.2 Compiling the Household Expenditures Dataset......Page 408
11.3.3 Estimating Nominal GDP Including Informal Economy......Page 417
11.3.4 Estimating Real GDP......Page 421
11.3.5 Remarks on the Informal Economy......Page 423
11.4.1 Transition to SNA......Page 426
11.4.2 Notes to Data......Page 427
Appendix......Page 434
References......Page 436
12.1 Introduction......Page 441
12.2.1 Methodology......Page 442
12.2.2 Data for the Soviet Union, Then......Page 443
12.2.3 Data for Russia, Now......Page 446
12.3.1 Results for the Soviet Union, Then......Page 447
12.3.2 Results for Russia, Now......Page 448
12.4 Observations Across the Soviet Union, Then, and Russia, Now......Page 450
12.5 Concluding Remarks......Page 456
References......Page 457
Index......Page 459
