Rural Transition and Transport in China

Preface
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Research Significance
1.1.1 Rural Development as an Essential Part of the Sustainable Development Goals
1.1.2 Transport as a Primary Factor in the Quality of Rural Life
1.1.3 Transforming Rural Areas
1.1.4 Rural Development and Rural Transport in China
1.1.5 Research Needs in Rural Transport Studies
1.2 Research Contents and Methodology
1.2.1 Definition of Rural Areas in China
1.2.2 Rural Transport System in China
1.2.3 Main Contents
1.2.4 Data and Methodology
References
2 Research on Rural Transport
2.1 Rural Transport and Economic Development
2.2 Rural Transport, Social Equity and Poverty Relief
2.3 Rural Transport, Land Use and Public Facilities Accessibility
2.4 Travel Demand and Behaviour of Rural Residents
2.5 The Relationship Between Rural Transport and Population
2.5.1 Rural Ageing and Transport
2.5.2 Rural Youth and Transport
2.5.3 Rural Females and Transport
2.5.4 Rural Occupation and Transport
2.5.5 Rural Family Situation and Transport
2.6 Summary: Gaps and Future Agenda
References
3 Transition in the Rural Population and Settlements
3.1 Population Transition in Rural China
3.1.1 Decrease in the Rural Population
3.1.2 Distribution and Movement of the Rural Population
3.1.3 Growth of Income and Poverty Relief Rural Population
3.1.4 Change in Lifestyles of the Rural Population
3.2 Changes in Rural Settlements in China
3.2.1 Types of Rural Settlements in China
3.2.2 Distribution of Rural Settlements
3.2.3 Living Environment of Rural Settlements
3.3 Rural Settlements and Population Distribution
3.4 Summary
References
4 Match Between Rural Transport and Population
4.1 Features of Rural Transport Infrastructure and Services
4.1.1 Rural Road Network
4.1.2 Rural Transport Investment
4.1.3 Rural Public Transport Services
4.2 General Process of Rural Transport Development
4.3 Regional Matching Between Rural Transport and Population
4.3.1 Rural Road Network Change and Rural Population
4.3.2 Rural Transport Investment and Rural Population
4.4 Summary
References
5 Transport Expenditure of Rural Residents
5.1 Transition of the Rural Population’s Composition
5.1.1 Gender Structure
5.1.2 Age Structure
5.1.3 Family Structure
5.1.4 Education Structure
5.1.5 Hukou Structure
5.2 Impact of Population Composition on Transport Expenditure
5.2.1 Transport Expenditure in Rural Areas
5.2.2 Impact of Population Composition
5.2.3 Spatial Differences in the Impacts of Population Composition
5.3 Summary
References
6 Accessibility and Its Spatial Equity of Rural Settlements
6.1 Rural Settlement Accessibility to Highway Network
6.1.1 Overall Accessibility
6.1.2 County-Level Variations
6.2 Spatial Equity of Rural Accessibility
6.2.1 Analysis of Intracounty Equity of Accessibility
6.2.2 Analysis of Intercounty Equity of Accessibility
6.2.3 Relationship Between Accessibility and Transport Investment
6.3 Summary
References
7 Travel Behaviour of Rural Residents
7.1 Methodology
7.2 Travel Behaviour and Rural Settlement System
7.2.1 Rural Settlement System Defined by Transport Flow
7.2.2 Travel Frequency
7.2.3 Travel Purposes
7.2.4 Travel Distance and Time
7.3 Factors in Travel Frequency to Different Levels of Settlements
7.3.1 Township Residents’ Travel and Rural Settlement System
7.3.2 Villagers’ Travel and Rural Settlement System
7.3.3 Discussion
7.4 Summary
References
8 Rural Residents’ Travel Behaviour in Mega-City Regions
8.1 Methodology
8.2 Travel Distance and Frequency of Rural Residents
8.2.1 Travel Distance
8.2.2 Travel Frequency
8.2.3 Travel Frequency Differences Between Different Destinations
8.3 Factors in Rural Residents’ Travel Distance
8.3.1 Impact of Regional Factors
8.3.2 Impact of Spatial Differences on Regional Factors
8.4 Summary
References
9 Rural Residents’ Travel Behaviour in Rural Counties
9.1 Regional Context and Case Selection
9.1.1 Regional Context
9.1.2 Case Selection
9.2 Problems with Rural Transport
9.2.1 Transport Planning and Investment
9.2.2 Development of Public Transport
9.2.3 Accessibility to Public Facilities
9.3 Comparison of Rural Residents’ Travel Behaviour
9.3.1 Travel Patterns in Anping
9.3.2 Travel Patterns in Longhua
9.4 Summary
References
10 Build an Inclusive Transport System for Rural China
10.1 Practices and Problems with the Existing Polices
10.1.1 Planning and Construction of Rural Transport
10.1.2 Operation and Management of Rural Transport
10.1.3 Maintenance of Rural Transport Facilities
10.1.4 Relevant Policy Documents
10.2 New Development Concepts
10.2.1 People-Oriented Concept
10.2.2 Spatial Integration
10.2.3 Economically Coordinated
10.2.4 Environmentally Friendly
10.2.5 Smart and Efficient
10.3 New Strategies
10.3.1 Improve the Rural Basic Road Network Comprehensively
10.3.2 Build an Integrated Urban–Rural Transport System
10.3.3 Promote the Informatisation of Rural Transport Operation and Management
10.3.4 Implement a Normalised Rural Infrastructure Maintenance Mechanism
10.3.5 Provide a Humanised High-Quality Rural Transport Service
10.3.6 Develop Modern Rural Transport Logistics
10.4 New Institutions
10.4.1 Legal System
10.4.2 Economic Tools
10.4.3 Management Reforms
10.5 Key Actions in the Coming Years
10.5.1 Construct Transport Facilities to Fill in the Blanks
10.5.2 Upgrade Low-Standard and Poor-Quality Rural Roads
10.5.3 Establish a Bus Network to Serve Urban and Rural Areas Effectively
10.5.4 Build a Set of Intelligent Rural Transport Management Platforms
10.5.5 Form a Maintenance Mechanism for Rural Transport Facilities
References
11 Conclusions
11.1 Main Findings and Contributions to the Existing International Literature
11.2 Policy Implications
11.2.1 Policy Goals
11.2.2 Policy Obstacles
11.3 Future Research Agenda
11.3.1 Future Rural Changes in the World
11.3.2 Prospects of Rural Population and Transport Development in China
11.3.3 Prospect of Research Topics
References
Index