Routledge Handbook of Rewilding

Cover
Half Title
Endorsement
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Editors
Contributors
Foreword: Pioneering a rewilding paradigm
Acknowledgements
Part I The Evolution of Rewilding
1 Introduction: What Is Rewilding?
References
2 The Emergence of Rewilding in North America
Introduction
Early Years and the Evolution of a New Discipline
The Ecological Foundations of Rewilding
A Synthesis of the Meaning of Rewilding
References
3 The Emergence of Rewilding in Europe
Introduction
Early Influences
Emerging European Rewilding Groups
A Different Path … How Rewilding in Europe Is Different to Its North American Roots
Conclusions: The Mainstreaming of Rewilding in Europe
Notes
References
4 Ecological Restoration and Rewilding: Integrating Communities of Practice to Achieve Common Goals
Historical Roots and Scientific Underpinnings
Relationship Between Restoration and Rewilding
Strategic Integration
References
5 Developing a Framework for Rewilding Based On Its Social-Ecological Aims
Introduction
Method
Aims of Rewilding
Ecological Change
Socio-cultural Change
Landscape-level Or Social-Ecological Change
The Implications of Rewilding Aims for Rewilding Practice
A Framework Integrating Rewilding Aims and Principles
Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Note
References
Part II Theoretical and Practical Underpinnings of Rewilding
6 Trophic Cascades as a Basis for Rewilding
Introduction
Basics of Trophic Cascades
Trophic Cascades in Large Carnivores
Trophic Cascades in Yellowstone
Should We Rewild Large Carnivores to Produce Trophic Cascades?
Acknowledgements
References
7 Species Translocations, Taxon Replacements, and Rewilding
Introduction
Translocation and Rewilding
Lessons Learned From Early Translocations
The Development of Translocation Science
Translocations and Rewilding
Keystone Species
Rewilding and Taxon Substitution
Historical Baselines for Informing Species Composition
Policy and Law
Conclusions
Notes
References
8 Cores and Corridors: Natural Landscape Linkages to Rewild Protected Areas and Wildlife Refuges
Connectivity Conservation and Intact Landscapes
Theory: Research Evidence for Benefits of Creating Intact Natural Landscape Linkages Using Rewilding Approaches
Practice: Designing Rewilding Networks
Paying for the Process
Knowledge Gaps: Crossing the Divide Between Theory and Practice of Linking Landscapes
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
9 Mapping Wildness and Opportunities for Rewilding
Introduction
Mapping Wild Places
Opportunity Mapping
Brave New World?
References
10 Measuring Success in Rewilding: Ecological Overview
Rewilding and Ecological Monitoring
Goals and Objectives for Monitoring
How Do We Monitor?
Monitoring Response to Rewilding Interventions
End-point and Trajectory Assessment
Space for Time Substitution
What Attributes Do We Monitor?
Sampling Design, Methods, and Data Analysis
Conclusions
References
11 Measuring Success in Rewilding?: Coping With Socio-Ecological Uncertainties in Rewilding Projects
Introduction
Procedural Aspects of Enacting Success
System-level Perspectives: Moving Towards Optimal Socio-Ecological Systems?
Resilient Trait Networks
Panarchy
Telecoupling
Land-use Allocation
Desireable Interactions Perspective: Promoting Particular Qualities of Human–wildlife Coexistence
Stakeholder Negotiations
Service Reciprocities
Sustainable Development
Coping, Tolerance, and Resilience
Creating Social Change: Science, Communication, and Power Relations
Evaluation Issues: The Design of Measures of Socio-Ecological Success
Conclusions
References
12 Rewilding ‘Knowledges’: Blending Science and Indigenous Knowledge Systems
Seeking Language
Land-based Practices
Re-conquest and Neo-Primitivism
New Cartographies
Notes
References
13 Rewilding: A Legal Perspective
Introduction
International Treaties and Conservation Law
Legal Issues Regarding Rewilding
Land Use: Changing Land Use
Land Use: Intersectionality
Land Use: Protected Areas
Land Use: Conservation Covenants
Species Reintroduction
Species Reintroduction: Reintroducing Species
Species Reintroduction: Continuing Obligations
Direction of Travel
Enforcement
Conclusion
Notes
References
Part III Application and Impacts of Rewilding
14 Rewilding Case Study: Yellowstone to Yukon
Y2Y and Rewilding: Common Origins in the Coalescence of Conservation Biology
Evidence and Discussion of Rewilding
Case Study: Peace River Break and Caribou
Case Study: Large Carnivore Rewilding in the Southern Region of Y2Y
Case Study: Restoration of Habitat and Wildlife in the Transboundary Cabinet Purcell Mountain Region
Case Study: Bison Restoration
Next Steps
Summary
References
15 Rewilding Case Study: Carrifran Wildwood
Introduction
Origins of the Wildwood Project
Woodland Establishment
Condition of Established Woodland
Natural Plant/vegetation Succession
Open Ground
Notable Plant Species
Summary of Changes Since 2000
Fauna
The Return of Birds and Other Animals to Carrifran
The Future: The Wild Heart of Southern Scotland
References
16 Rewilding Case Study: Going Wild in Argentina, a Multidisciplinary and Multispecies Reintroduction Programme to Restore …
Background
First: Secure the Land
Second: Bring Them Back
Third: Help Them Thrive
Main Challenges and Conclusion
References
17 Rewilding Case Study: Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique
Introduction
Biological and Historical Context
Phases of Rewilding in Gorongosa
Trajectory and Success of Rewilding in Gorongosa
Disturbance
Species Composition
Community Structure
Trophic Interactions and Ecosystem Functions
Ecosystem Connectivity
Challenges
Community Relations
Human–wildlife Conflict
Climate Change
Funding
Instability
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
18 Rewilding Case Study: Restoring Western Australia’s Rangelands: Mutawa/Kurrara Kurrara
Introduction
Biophysical Description
Social-cultural-economic Background
Rangelands Restoration Objectives
Managing Threatening Processes
Introduced Large Herbivores
Introduced Predators
Fire
Rangelands Restoration—key Actions and Outcomes
Lessons Learnt and Future Challenges
Acknowledgments
Note
References
19 Rewilding Case Study: Forest Restoration: Conservation Outcomes and Lessons From Terai Arc Landscape, Nepal
Introduction: Terai Arc Landscape
Forest Restoration and Conservation Outcomes
Conclusions and Lessons
References
20 Rewilding Case Study: Monitoring Natural Capital and Rewilding at the Natural Capital Laboratory, Birchfield, Loch Ness
Lesson 1. Measuring Change
Lesson 2. Demonstrating Value
Lesson 3. Informing Management
Lesson 4. Missing Values
Note
References
21 Eco-Civilisation Provides New Opportunities for Rewilding in China
Introduction
Rewilding and Ecological Civilisation: A Shared Vision?
Conclusions
Notes
References
22 Restoring What We’ve Lost: Lessons From Evolutionary History for Rewilding and Coexisting in Landscapes With Predators
Introduction
Defining Terms and Scope
The Special Case of Carnivoran Predators = Perfect Storm for HWC
Humans and Predators in Deep Time and More Recent History
How Our Pleistocene Ancestors Survived: Fear and Habituation, Learning and Tools
The Holocene and Anthropocene: Loss of Predators and the Knowledge of How to Coexist
Implications for HWC and Rewilding
A Final Word
References
23 Rewilding and Farming: Could the Relationship Be Improved Through Adopting a Three Compartment Approach to Land Use?
Policy Context
Barriers to Land Use Change
Language and Identity
Financing the Delivery of Public Goods
Land Tenure
Advice and Facilitation
Conclusion
References
24 Unseen Connections: The Role of Fungi in Rewilding
Introduction
Fungi and Ecosystem Function
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Grassland Recovery
Tree Cavities and Wood Decay in Rewilded Landscapes
Safeguarding Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Forest Food Webs
Conclusion
References
25 Rewilding and Human Health
Introduction
Ecosystem Degradation and Zoonoses
Putting Wild Back Into Health
Rewilding and Zoonoses
How to Solve These ‘Wicked Problems’?
Need for Synthetic Research
Conclusions
Notes
References
26 Rewilding, the Wildlife Trade and Human Conflict
Introduction
Two Key Drivers of Overexploitation
Wildlife Trade
Human–human Conflict
The Impacts of Overexploitation of Wildlife On Social-Ecological Systems
Ecological Impacts
Socio-cultural Impacts
Rewilding and Mitigating the Impacts of Overexploitation Caused By Wildlife Trade and Conflict
Core Areas
Connectivity
Keystone Species
Cultural Change/coexistence
References
27 Rewilding Children and Young People: The Role of Education and Schools
Rewilding Children and Young People: The Role of Education and Schools
Relationships With Nature in Formal, Non-Formal, and Informal Education
Implementing Outdoor Learning in Schools
Rewilding Children and Wider Pedagogical Frameworks
Rewilding as Radical Education
Children and Young People’s Voices
Wild Is a Child
Conclusion
Note
References
28 Wild Adventure: A Restorying
Introduction
Nature Bites Back
Wild as Other Than Home
Adventure as a Return to the Wild
Adventure Re-Imagined as Place
Wilder Landscapes
The Value for Wild Places
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Part IV Wilder Values: The Ethics and Philosophy of Rewilding
29 Wilder Values: The Ethics and Philosophy of Rewilding
Notes
References
30 Rewilding From the Inside Out: A Personal Commitment to Other Animals and Their Homes During the Anthropause and Afterwards
Rewilding Our Hearts
Rewilding Our Hearts By Minding Other Animals
Compassionate Conservation: The Lives of Individual Animals Matter
Where to From Here?
References
31 Rewilding and Cultural Transformation: Healing Nature and Reweaving Humans Back Into the Web of Life
Introduction
Rewilding—the Contribution From Britain
Why We Need a Shift in Consciousness
British Rewilding Has Its Own Origin
Areas of Natural Sanctuary
How the Old Paradigm Seeks to Possess the New
The Personal Connection
Indigenous Wisdom
Dedication
Notes
References
32 Wild Democracy: Ecodemocracy in Rewilding
Introduction: Linking Ecodemocracy and Rewilding
Definitions
Oostvaardersplassen: The Case of Fenced Rewilding
Existing Forms of Eco-Representation
Discussion: How Can Ecodemocracy Inform Rewilding Projects?
Reflection: Limitations and Ways Forward
Conclusion
Note
References
33 Rewilding and the Ethics of Place
What Is Rewilding?
Wilderness Philosophy
Ethics of Place, Identity, and the Value of Historic Landscapes
The Narrative Significance of Wildness
New Wild Places as Cultural Landscapes
Notes
References
34 Knepp Wildland: The Ethos and Efficacy of Britain’s First Private Rewilding Project
Introduction: Rewilding Our Relationship With Nature
Knepp as OVP’s Progeny
The Forest as Myth
Forests as Species Poor
Rewilding as Predation
Differences of Degree Not Kind…
Rewilding Ourselves: Compassion for Our Nonhuman Kin
Conclusion: The Return of the Forest
Acknowledgements
References
35 Human Rewilding: Practical Pointers to Address a Root Cause of Global Environmental Crises
Introduction
Evolutionary Aspects of Human Rewilding
Rewilding Daily Life
Rewilding Education
Conclusion
Note
References
Index