Routledge Handbook of Environmental Policy

Cover
Half Title
Endorsement Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Contributors
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Introduction: A Research Agenda for Environmental Policy Analysis – Past, Present, and Future
1.1 The Rise of Environmental Policy within Political Science
1.2 State of the Art
1.3 Structure of the Book
Note
References
Part I: Analytical Concepts and Paradigms in Environmental Policy Analysis
Chapter 2: Emergence and Development of the Environmental Policy Field
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definition of a “Policy Field”
2.3 Problems: Emergence of Environmental Policy as a Separate Policy Field
2.4 Institutionalisation
2.5 Political Actors
2.6 Measures
2.7 Conclusion and Future Research
Note
References
Chapter 3: Environmental Policy Outputs, Outcomes, and Impacts
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Environmental Policy Outputs
3.3 Environmental Policy Outcomes
3.4 Environmental Policy Impacts
3.5 Conclusion and Future Research
Notes
References
Chapter 4: The Environmental State
4.1 Introduction
4.2 A Brief Summary of Environmental State Research
4.3 Environmental State, Green State, Ecological State, or Ecostate?
4.4 Where to Find the Environmental State
4.5 What Can the Environmental State Do?
4.6 Three Outstanding Questions about the Environmental State
4.6.1 How?
4.6.2 Why?
4.6.3 Capacity?
4.7 The Political Economy of the Environmental State
4.8 Conclusion and Future Research
References
Chapter 5: Polycentric Governance
5.1 Introduction
5.2 What Is Polycentric Governance?
5.3 Polycentric Governance Theory: Central Propositions
5.3.1 Local Action: Governance Initiatives Are Likely to Take Off at a Local Level Through Processes of Self-Organisation
5.3.2 Mutual Adjustment: Constituent Units Are Likely to Spontaneously Develop Collaborations with One Another, Producing More Trusting Interrelationships
5.3.3 Experimentation: The Willingness and Capacity to Experiment Facilitates Governance Innovation and Learning
5.3.4 The Importance of Trust: Trust Builds Up More Quickly When Units Are Able to Self-Organise, thus Increasing Collective Ambitions
5.3.5 Overarching Rules: Local Initiatives Are Likely to Work Best When They Are Bound by a Set of Overarching Rules
5.4 The Governance of Climate Change
5.4.1 Changes in the Locus and Focus of Governance
5.4.2 How Polycentric Is Climate Change Governance?
5.5 Explaining Climate Change Governance
5.5.1 Local Action
5.5.2 Mutual Adjustment
5.5.3 Experimentation
5.5.4 Trust
5.5.5 Overarching Rules
5.6 Conclusion and Future Research
Notes
References
Chapter 6: Ecological Modernization and Beyond
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Concept of Ecological Modernization
6.3 Ecological Modernization as a Global Green Industrial Revolution
6.3.1 Co-Benefits of Ecological Modernization
6.4 The Case of Germany
6.5 Strengths and Weaknesses: Evaluation of Ecological Modernization as a Global Environmental Policy Strategy
6.5.1 Insufficient Structural Change
6.6 Ecological Modernization as Political Modernization
6.7 Beyond Ecological Modernization
6.8 Conclusion and Future Research
References
Part II: Determinants of Environmental Policy Performance
Chapter 7: Determinants of Performance in National Environmental Policies
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Political Studies on Environmental Performance
7.3 Conceptualizing Environmental Performance
7.4 Socio-Economic and Structural Determinants of Environmental Performance
7.5 Domestic Politics and Environmental Performance
7.6 International Politics and Environmental Performance
7.7 Conclusion and Future Research
Notes
References
Chapter 8: Bureaucracy and Environmental Policy
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Bureaucracy and Environmental Policy-Making
8.2.1 Bureaucratic Autonomy
8.2.2 Analytical Skills and Effective Exchange
8.3 Bureaucracy and Environmental Policy Implementation
8.3.1 Staff and Organizational Resources
8.3.2 Bureaucratic Structures and Coordination Needs
8.3.3 Administrative Tradition and Discretionary Power
8.4 Environmental Administrations under Siege
8.5 Conclusion and Future Research
Notes
References
Chapter 9: Analytical Perspectives on Environmental Policy Integration
9.1 Introduction
9.2 What Constitutes Environmental Policy Integration?
9.3 Towards an Integrative Systematization: Four Analytical Perspectives on EPI
9.3.1 The Horizontal Dimension: Governing Cross-Cutting Policy Goals
9.3.2 The Vertical Dimension: Governing Complexity in Implementation
9.3.3 Discussion: The Relationship Between the Four Analytical Perspectives on EPI
9.4 Conclusion and Future Research
References
Chapter 10: Environmental Policy Implementation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Key Concepts
10.3 Policy Design
10.4 Implementation Structure
10.5 Agency Decision-Making
10.6 Target Group Behaviour
10.7 Policy Impact
10.8 Conclusion and Future Research
Note
References
Chapter 11: Environmental Policy Evaluation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Environmental Evaluation Approaches and Practices
11.2.1 Insights into Current Environmental Evaluation Activities
11.2.2 Key Evaluation Approaches
11.3 Why Evaluate Environmental Policy?
11.3.1 Evaluation for Learning
11.3.2 Evaluation for Accountability
11.3.3 Evaluation and Politics
11.4 Future Directions for Environmental Policy Evaluation
11.4.1 Evaluation Patterns and Knowledge Defragmentation
11.4.2 Evaluation and Policy-Making
11.4.3 The Governance of Evaluation
11.4.4 Linking Different Evaluation Practices
11.4.5 Evaluation Standards and Guidelines
11.4.6 Evaluating Global Sustainability
11.5 Conclusion and Future Research
Acknowledgements
Notes
References
Chapter 12: International Public Administrations in Environmental Governance
12.1 Introduction
12.2 International Public Administrations as Partially Autonomous Actors in Global Governance
12.3 IPA Influence in Environmental Governance
12.4 Causes of IPA Influence in Environmental Policymaking
12.4.1 IPA Autonomy
12.4.2 IPA Centrality in Issue-Specific Actor Networks
12.5 Conclusion and Future Research
References
Chapter 13: The Role of Litigation of Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations in Environmental Politics and Policy
13.1 Introduction
13.2 The Transposition of the Aarhus Convention
13.3 Data on the Use of the Right to Stand
13.4 Lawsuits as a Strategy of ENGOs
13.5 Do Lawsuits Improve Environmental Quality?
13.5.1 The Fight for Clean Air
13.5.2 Wolf Protection
13.5.3 Fighting Wind Energy Plants: Climate versus Species Protection
13.6 ENGO Litigation as Part of “Eurolegalism”
13.7 Conclusion and Future Research
Notes
References
Chapter 14: Indigenous and Local Knowledge in Environmental Decision Making: The Case of Climate Change
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Climate Justice and Indigenous Peoples
14.3 Distributive (In)justice and Indigenous Peoples
14.4 Procedural (In)justice and Indigenous Peoples
14.5 Epistemic (In)justice and Indigenous Peoples
14.6 Conclusion and Future Research
Note
References
Chapter 15: The Science–Policy Interface and Evidence-Based Policymaking in Environmental Policy: Promises and Pitfalls
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Environmental Evidence-Based Policymaking Scholarship: Science–Policy Barriers and Driver Taxonomies
15.3 The Importance of Policy Theory: Addressing Ambiguity and Complexity
15.4 Moving beyond Black and Gray Boxes: A Call for Causal Mechanisms
15.5 Policy Labs: A Venue to Address Policy–Science Challenges?
15.6 Conclusion and Future Research
Notes
References
Part III: Environmental Policy Change
Chapter 16: Policy Change and Policy Accumulation in the Environmental Domain: Causes and Consequences
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Policy Accumulation in the Environmental Domain: Empirical Overview
16.3 Causes of Environmental Policy Accumulation: Responsiveness to National and International Demands
16.3.1 The Political Economy of Policy Accumulation
16.3.2 International Drivers of Policy Accumulation
16.3.3 The Ambiguous Nature of Policy Accumulation
16.4 Consequences of Environmental Policy Accumulation: Policy Complexity and Bureaucratic Overload
16.4.1 Policy Complexity
16.4.2 Bureaucratic Overload
16.5 The Challenge of Sustainable Policy Accumulation
16.6 Conclusion and Future Research
References
Chapter 17: Leaders, Pioneers, and Followers in Environmental Governance
17.1 Introduction
17.2 The International Relations Perspective
17.3 The Comparative Politics Perspective
17.3.1 Domestic Factors
17.3.2 Strategies
17.3.3 Followers
17.4 Combining the International Relations and Comparative Politics Perspectives
17.4.1 Climate Leadership
17.4.2 Towards a More Comprehensive Conceptual Approach
17.5 Bringing in Other Actors
17.5.1 Sub-National Actors
17.5.2 Non-State Actors
17.6 Conclusion and Future Research
References
Chapter 18: Convergence and Diffusion of Environmental Policies
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Policy Diffusion and Policy Convergence: Different, Yet Related Concepts
18.2.1 Policy Diffusion
18.2.2 Policy Convergence
18.3 Theoretical Discussion: Drivers of Policy Diffusion and Policy Convergence
18.3.1 Causal Mechanisms
18.3.2 Moderating Factors
18.4 Empirical Findings: Diffusion and Convergence of Environmental Policy Portfolios
18.4.1 Patterns of Policy Diffusion
18.4.2 Patterns of Policy Convergence
18.5 Conclusion and Future Research
Note
References
Chapter 19: Policy Design for Sustainable Energy and the Interplay of Procedural and Substantive Policy Instruments
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Procedural Components of Policymaking
19.3 Designing Renewable Energy Policy Mixes: An Illustrative Example
19.3.1 Renewable Energy Targets or Quotas
19.3.2 Feed-in-Tariffs
19.3.3 Net Metering and Smart Grids
19.4 Conclusion and Future Research
References
Chapter 20: Securitization, Climate Change, and Energy
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Concepts of Securitization
20.3 The Climate Security Storyline
20.4 The Energy Security Storyline
20.5 Beyond Securitization?
20.6 Conclusion and Future Research
Notes
References
Chapter 21: Environmental Policy Dynamics in Southeast Asia: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back
21.1 Introduction
21.2 The Environmental Record by Country and Sector
21.2.1 Air Pollution, Including Transboundary Haze
21.2.2 Forestry and Biodiversity Management, Including Fisheries
21.2.3 Food Security
21.2.4 Water Resources Management
21.3 Challenges to Finding and Implementing Solutions
21.4 Conclusion and Future Research
Note
References
Part IV: Transformation of Environmental Policies: Paradigmatic Challenges
Chapter 22: The Challenge of Long-Term Environmental Policy
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Definition
22.3 Methods
22.4 Policy Options
22.5 Future Research
Appreciation
Notes
References
Chapter 23: Cities and Urban Transformations in Multi-Level Climate Governance
23.1 Introduction
23.2 From Local Agenda 21 to Carbon-Neutral Cities
23.3 Can Cities Save the Planet?
23.4 Dimensions of Urban Transformations
23.4.1 Temporal Dimension of Urban Transformations
23.4.2 Spatial Dimension of Urban Transformations
23.5 The Challenge of Scaling
23.5.1 Concepts and Types of Scaling
23.5.2 City Types, Leadership, and Scaling
23.5.3 Matching Cities
23.6 Emerging Challenges for Urban Transformations
23.7 Conclusion and Future Research
References
Chapter 24: Policy Mixes for Addressing Environmental Challenges: Conceptual Foundations, Empirical Operationalisation, and Policy Implications
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Conceptualising Policy Mixes
24.2.1 Defining Policy Mixes
24.2.2 Interdisciplinary Conceptual Framework
24.3 Delineating Policy Mixes
24.3.1 The Top-Down Approach
24.3.2 The Bottom-Up Approach
24.4 Informing Policy Mix Design: The Example of Climate Change
24.4.1 Coordinating the Design of Policy Mixes to Meet Multiple Policy Objectives Can Reduce the Overall Costs of Achieving Sustainability Objectives
24.4.2 Climate Policy Mixes Need to Be Credible to Accelerate Low-Carbon Transitions
24.4.3 Comprehensive, Balanced, and Consistent Instrument Mixes Can Help Drive Low-Carbon Transformative Change
24.4.4 Phasing Out Policies Supporting Carbon-Intensive Fuels, Technologies, or Practices Can Accelerate Low-Carbon Transitions
24.4.5 Transformative Climate Policy Mixes Have to Navigate Resistance from Vested Interests
24.4.6 Accelerating Decarbonisation Calls for Enhancing Policy Coordination across Governance Levels and Policy Fields
24.4.7 Systematic Mapping of the Policy Mix Is a Precondition for Policy Mix Analysis and Design
24.5 Research Outlook
24.5.1 Capturing Transformative Change
24.5.2 Multi-Level Governance Settings
24.5.3 Rethinking Policy Regimes
Acknowledgement
Note
References
Chapter 25: Fifty Shades of Sufficiency: Semantic Confusion and No Policy
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Sufficiency: What Does It Mean?
25.2.1 Sufficiency as a Sacrifice
25.2.2 Sufficiency as an Industrialized Country Problem
25.2.3 Sufficiency as Efficiency
25.2.4 Sufficiency as a Condition for a Good Life for All
25.3 Sufficiency in Policy: Ready for Practice?
25.3.1 Mobility
25.3.2 Food
25.3.3 Housing
25.4 Conclusion and Future Research
Notes
References
Chapter 26: The New Climate Movement: Organization, Strategy, and Consequences
26.1 Introduction
26.2 The New Climate Movement: Emergence, Narratives, Organization
26.2.1 Emergence
26.2.2 Profiles of Climate Protest Participants and Activists
26.2.3 Mobilizing Frames
26.2.4 Organizational Structures
26.3 Strategies
26.4 Consequences
26.5 Conclusion and Future Research
Acknowledgements
Notes
References
Chapter 27: Geoengineering and Public Policy: Framing, Research, and Deployment
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Defining Geoengineering: A Basis for Public Policy?
27.2.1 The Definitional Evolution of Geoengineering
27.2.2 Geoengineering as Public Policy
27.3 Geoengineering Research: An Issue for Public Participation?
27.3.1 Outdoor Experiments and the Social Licence to Operate
27.3.2 Designing Governance for Research
27.4 Geoengineering Deployment: A Task for Policy Cooperation?
27.4.1 Common Concerns: Slippery Slope, Moral Hazard, and the Question of Justice
27.4.2 Imaginaries of Deploying Solar Radiation Management
27.4.3 Realities of Deploying Carbon Dioxide Removal
27.5 Conclusion and Future Research
References
Chapter 28: Environmental Policymaking in Authoritarian Countries: The Cases of Singapore and Russia
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Environmental Authoritarianism
28.3 The Case of Singapore
28.4 The Case of Russia
28.5 Conclusion and Future Research
References
Chapter 29: Environmental Policy in Fast-Growing Economies: The Case of India
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Development: A Post-Colonial State Catching Up
29.3 India and the Global Rise of Environmental Policy
29.4 Environmental Politics in India
29.5 India and the Global Climate Governance System
29.6 India’s Climate Politics
29.7 Democracy and Environment
29.8 Conclusion and Future Research
References
Chapter 30: Conclusions: Past Achievements and Future Directions for Environmental Policy Research
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Environmental Policy Analysis as a Stimulus for Political Science
30.2.1 Environmental Policy as a Stimulus for Analytical Frameworks for Public Policy Analysis
30.2.2 Environmental Policy as a Research Stimulus for Comparative Public Policy
30.2.3 Environmental Policy as a Research Stimulus for Comparative Politics
30.2.4 Environmental Policy as a Research Stimulus in the Field of Global Governance
30.3 A Future Research Agenda for Environmental Policy Analysis
References
Index