The Routledge Handbook of Coaching Children in Sport provides a comprehensive and extensive range of critical reflections of key areas impacting on children’s sport and coaching up to the age of 16. With coaching related chapters authored by academic across various disciplines, including nutrition, psychology, pedagogy, medicine, youth development and sociology, the text provides detailed reviews of the existing state of research and consideration of the implications of these particular factors upon parents, coaches, administrators and clearly the young people themselves as well as recommendations for future research.
This new volume provides in-depth investigation to key topics of coaching topics such as Learning and Child Development, Protecting Young Athletes, Talent Identification and Development and Inclusive Coaching and finally introduce a broad array of contextual considerations for coaches from considering professional learning through to coaching in particular contexts.
This bookis more than simply an academic text and it offers insights that will further inform practice in children’s sport coaching. The handbook is relevant for students (UG, PG), researchers, academics, parents, coaches and administrators, as well as those interested in children’s sport coaching and the related topics therein.
Martin Toms, PhD is a senior lecturer (associate professor) in the School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences at the University of Birmingham, UK. A former professional sports coach with an MPhil and PhD exploring the sociological issues of young people in junior sport, Martin has been heavily involved in juniors sport all of his adult life. He has published widely and presented extensively around the world on youth sport, including working on international projects and for NBGs/Federations and National Governmental organisations. He has gained European and SCUK funding for youth and coaching related projects as well as being involved in international consultancy. He is a co-editor of the European Journal for Sport and Society as well as the current Editor in Chief of the International Journal of Golf Science.
Ruth Jeanes, PhD is an associate professor in the Faculty of Education at Monash University, Australia. Ruth’s research examines inclusion and exclusion within youth sport, particularly examining how sport can be used to achieve broader social policy objectives targeted at young people. Within this, she is particularly interested in the role of coaches in facilitating broader social outcomes for young people. Ruth has published extensively in these areas with over 100 publications across journal articles, book chapters and books. She is widely cited and has been successful in securing extensive funding for her research including two highly competitive Australian Research Council grants.
Author(s): Martin Toms, Ruth Jeanes
Series: Routledge International Handbooks
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 522
City: New York
Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Figures
Tables
Acknowledgements
Contributors
Introduction
Section I: Learning and Skill Development: Introduction: Learning and Skill Development
1. Coaching Children in Sport: A Focus on Learning
Introduction
Review of Current Research
The Manipulation of Constraints
Representative Learning Designs
Synergies in Team Performance
Variability across Groupings
Approaches to Teaching and Learning
Implications for Coaches
Summary and Future Directions
References
2. Coaching Pedagogy
Introduction
Review of Literature: Sport Coaching as an Educative Endeavour
Pedagogy
Pedagogical Models and Approaches
Learning Theories that Inform Pedagogy as an Approach to Coaching: Behavourist, Constructivist and Ecological
Implication for Children's Sport Coaching
The Spectrum
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
3. Developmental Considerations for Coaching Preschooler Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Why Preschooler Sport?
Coaches' Roles within Preschooler Sport
Considering Preschoolers' Development across Key Domains
Physical Development
Social-Emotional Development
Language/Communication Development
Cognitive Development
Program Delivery: Being an Effective Preschooler Coach
Coaches' Professional Knowledge: Structuring Sessions
Coaches' Interpersonal Knowledge: Interacting with Preschoolers
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
4. Supporting the Development of Sporting Creativity in Children through an Enskilment Approach
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Creativity: A Relational Perspective
Enskilment: A Contemporary Perspective to a Traditional View of Motor Skill
Enskilment and Creativity
The Taskscape as the Performance Environment
The Taskscape: Implications for the Development of Creativity in Children
Guided Attention as the Primary Role of the Sports Coach
Guided Attention: Implications for the Development of Creativity in Children
Wayfinding: The Actively Self-Regulating Child
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Wayfinding: Implications for the Development of Creativity in Children
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
5. To Have Fun: What It Means and Its Significance in Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Early Research
Contemporary Research
What Makes Sport Fun
Children's Fun Priorities
Parents and Coaches Understanding
Understanding Determinants of Fun through Prominent Models and Theoretical Frameworks
Competence Motivation Theory
Achievement Goal Theory
Self-Determination Theory
Hierarchical Model of Leisure Constraints
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
6. Creativity-Enhancing Approaches in the Coaching of Children in Sport: Present and Future Directions
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Analytical Framework
Dynamic Elements in Creativity-Enhancing Approaches
Personal Engagement in Activities
Appropriate Settings
Quality Social Dynamics
Immediate Experiences
Short-Term Effects
Long-Term Effects
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
7. Coaching Psychological and Life Skills through Sport: Advancing the Contemporary Coaching Agenda
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Psychological Skills Development within Youth Sport
The Role of the Coach in the Delivery of Psychological Skills Training
Integrating Psychological Skills Training in Coaching Practices
Extending Coaching Responsibilities to PYD and Life Skills
Coaching Practice and Life Skills Development
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
Organisational Priorities and Coach Development
Role Clarity, Leadership, and Collaboration with Support Staff
Integrative and Systemic Approaches
References
8. Exploring Contextual Factors Influencing Positive Development through Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Ecological Systems Theory
Positive Development through Sport
A Mesosystem Influence: Coach-Parent Relationships
Narrative of Parents as Problems
Understanding and Optimising Parent-Coach Interactions
Exosystem Influences: Administrators and Sport Organisations
Macrosystem Influences: Cultural Considerations
Cultural Barriers to Sport Participation
Implications for Children's Sport-Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
9. Transitions in Child and Youth Sport
Review of Current Research
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Organisational
Environmental
Policy
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
10. The Role of the Coach in Player Retention and Attrition
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Children's Involvement and Withdrawal from Youth Sport
Factors Influencing Attrition in Children's and Youth Sport
Coaching as a Social Practice
Coaching Practice and Influence on Player Retention and Attrition
Athlete (Player) Centred Coaching
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
Section II: Protecting Child Athletes: Introduction: Protecting Child Athletes
11. Preparing Children for Sport: The Importance of Athletic Development
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Natural Development of Athleticism
The Central Nervous System and Neuroplasticity
Development of the Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Systems
Skeletal Development
Training Responsiveness
Motor Skill Development
Strength and Power Development
Speed and Agility Development
Aerobic Endurance Development
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Merging Science with Real-World Practice
Realities of Implementing Long-Term Athletic Development Programmes within Youth Sport
Individualising Training Prescription
Managing Early Specialising Athletes
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
12. Sport Readiness and Injury Prevention in Young Athletes: Current Recommendations on When to Enter, Compete and Specialise in Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Early Childhood
Pre-adolescent
Early Adolescent
Late Adolescent
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary and Future Directions
References
13. Nutrition Considerations for Children in Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Nutritional Issues for Young Athletes
Energy Requirements
Macronutrients
Carbohydrates Recommendations
Protein
Fats
Calcium and Vitamin D
Iron
Fluid Recommendations
Supplements
Implications for Children's Sports Coaching
The Many Roles of a Coach
The Coach's Role in Supporting Energy Needs of the Child Athlete
Summary and Future Directions
References
14. Sports-Related Concussions in Children
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Definition of Sports-Related Concussion
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Identifying the Athlete with Concussion
Sideline Tools
Long-Term Consequences/Post-concussion Syndrome
Repeat Concussion Effects
Implications for Children's Sport
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
15. Disordered Eating in Child and Youth Sport: The Role of the Coach
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Athlete Disordered Eating: Definitions, Prevalence, Risk
Disordered Eating Onset: A Youth Sport Concern
Coaches' Knowledge of Disordered Eating
How Culpable Is the Coach?
Taking Action: Learning from Intervention Studies
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
16. Parental Involvement in Organised Youth Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Literature
How Are Parents Involved in Organised Youth Sport?
Consequences of Parental Involvement in Sport
Influence of Others
Experiences of Parents in Sport
Optimal Parental Involvement in Organised Youth Sport
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Enhancing Parental Involvement in Sport
Developing Effective Parent-Coach Relationships
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
17. Making the Cut: Coaches and the Deselection of Young Athletes
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Consequences of Deselection on Children
Deselection and Coaches
The Deselection Process
Deselection in Talent Development Pathways
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
18. Mental Health and Coaching Children in Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Research
The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents
Mental Health, Duty of Care, and Coaching
Mental Health Literacy in Coach Education and Development Programmes
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
19. Child's Play? Safeguarding and Protecting Children in Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Child Maltreatment in Sport: Definitions and Prevalence
Understanding Maltreatment in Practice
Parental Compliance
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
20. Coaching Care-Experienced Children and Young People in Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Challenges of Accessing Youth Sport Contexts
Coaches' Knowledge of Care-Experienced Youth
Challenging Childhoods and the Implications for Sport Coaching
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
Section III: Talent Identification and Development: Introduction: Talent Identification and Development
21. Coaching Elite Junior Athletes
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Mastery Experiences and Self-Beliefs
Stimulating Talent Development Environment
Psychosocial Environment
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Coaches' Challenges in the Junior to Senior Transition
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
22. What Makes Champions? Childhood Multi-Sport Practice Facilitates Long-Term Performance Development
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Systematic Literature Review
Meta-Analysis
Types of Sports
Theoretical Implication
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
23. The Impact of Growth and Maturation upon Children's Participation in Sport and Physical Activity
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Maturation
Maturation and Physical Activity
Maturity Timing and Physical Activity
Growth and Maturation and Sport
Sport Participation, Talent Identification, and Development
Practical Implications
Maturation and Training
Maturation and Competition
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
24. Digging for Diamonds? The Abstract and Questionable Nature of Talent Identification in Children's Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Definition Challenges
Diversity of Influential Factors
Measurement Challenges
Time Constraints
Decision-Making Errors
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Direction, and Future Research
References
25. The Child and Adolescent Sport Dropout Problem: Could Modifying the Coaching Micro-System Climate Help?
Introduction
The Big Picture of Child and Adolescent Health Problems and Benefits from Sport Participation
Review of Current Research
Definitions and Measurements of Child and Adolescent Sport Dropout (CASD)
CASD According to Bronfenbrenner's Bio-Ecological Development Theory and Process-Person-Context-Time (PPCT) Model
A Case Study Application of the PPCT Model: Australian State Swimming
Implications for Child and Adolescent Sport Coaching
Why Coaching Climates Matter in Child and Adolescent Sport
Coaching Climates Favourable to Sustained Child and Adolescent Sport Participation
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
26. Psycho-Social Maturation and the Implications for Coaching Children
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Early Childhood (3-6 Years Old)
Mid-to-Late Childhood (6-11 Years Old)
Early-to Mid-Adolescence (11-16 Years Old)
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
27. Integrating Specificity and Generality of Practice to Enrich Children's Learning in Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Research
An Ecological Dynamics Rationale for Specificity and Generality of Practice
Facilitating Skill Integration and Enrichment in Practice
Pedagogical Frameworks to Integrate Generality and Specificity Practice Designs
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Learning to Move: Practical Examples for Sport Practitioners
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
28. Sampling and Specialising in Children's Sport: Implications for Research and Coaching Practice
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Towards a Definition of Sport Sampling
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
29. Group Banding Strategies in Children's Organised Sport: Looking beyond Fixed Chronological Age
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Flexible Chronological Approach
Birthday-Banding
Average Team Age
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
Section IV: Diversity and Inclusion: Introduction: Diversity and Inclusion in Children's Coaching
30. Children's Rights and Sports Coaching
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Context - The Emergence of Children's Rights
The Emergence of Organised/Coached Sports for Children
Children's Rights and Sports Coaching
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
31. Coaching Disabled Children: A Brief Look Around and Forward
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Coaching in Youth Sport
Inclusive Coaching
Models of Inclusion
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
32. "I Treat Every Player Equally": Coaching Culturally Diverse Children in Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Literature
Contextualising Sport Coaching
The Rhetoric of Inclusive Coaching Practices
Micro-Aggressions and Coaching
Implications for Children's Sports Coaching
Micro-Affirmations and Relational Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
33. Addressing the Needs of Indigenous Children?: Coach Education Programs in Canada, Aotearoa New Zealand, and Australia
Introduction
Review of Current Literature
Cultural Safety
Canada
Australia
Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ)
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Coaching Indigenous Children
Sociocultural Coaching Competency (SCC) 1: Self-Awareness of Personal Beliefs/Biases
SCC 2: Knowledge of Athletes' Worldviews
SCC 3: Coaching Skills and Strategies
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
34. Coaching Children and Youth with Refugee Backgrounds
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Children and Youth with Refugee Backgrounds and Settlement through Participation in Sport
Challenging Cultural Deficit Perspectives of Young People with Refugee Backgrounds in Sport
Pedagogies Implemented in Sport Programmes with Children and Youth from Refugee Backgrounds
Moving from Assimilationist to Co-designed Ways of Working alongside Children and Youth with Refugee Backgrounds in Sport
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
35. Towards a Critical Inclusion of Lesbian, Gay, or Bisexual Youth in Coaching Contexts
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Lesbian, Gay, or Bisexual Youth Experiences
Coaching
Sport Organisations
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
36. Exploring the Implications of Ability in Children's Sport
Introduction
Review of Literature
Ability Grouping
Adopting a Reflexive Lens on Ability
Mixed Ability Grouping and Mixed Ability Teaching
Implications for Coaching Children in Sport
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
37. Social Justice Organisations, Community Sport and Coaching Children
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Neo-Liberalism and Youth Sport Coaching Practices
Social Enterprise Practice in Child and Youth Sport Coaching around the World
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
Section V: Cultures and Context: Introduction: Cultures and Context
38. Coaching Children and Youth Sport Policy
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Coaches and Policies for School Sport and Physical Activity
Coaches and Policies for Community-Based Participation
Coaches and Policies for Child Welfare and Safeguarding
Coaches and Policies for Elite Sport and Events
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary and Future Directions
References
39. Volunteering in Children's Sport: From Motivation to Child Protection
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Antecedents of Voluntary Coaching in Children's Sports
Volunteer Motivation
Volunteer Commitment
Volunteer Education and Social Components
Child Protection through Voluntary Coaches
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary and Future Research Directions
References
40. Retaining Volunteer Coaches in Child and Youth Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Current Profile of Volunteer Youth Sport Coaches
Factors Influencing Turnover and Burnout
Retaining Youth Sport Coaches
Setting Expectations
Coach Education and Training
Mentoring/Social Support Programs
Reward/Recognition Systems
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, Future Research
References
41. The Digital Sideline: What Coaches Need to Know about Children's Engagement with Social Media
Introduction
Review of Current Research
The Relevance of Social Media in Coaching
Social Media in Children's Lives
Sport-Related Behaviours
Networks and Relationships
Learning
Vulnerabilities
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
42. A Space to Play: The Geographies of Children's Sport and Physical Activities
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Spaces of Children's Physical Activity
Socio-Economic Status and Access to Sport and Coaching
Physical Education in School Settings
Children's Bodies, Gender, and (Dis)ability in Sport
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
43. The Learning Cultures of Informal Self-Organised Action Sports: Implications for Child and Youth Coaching
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Action Sports and Informal Learning Cultures
Implications for Learning and Coaching
Sportisation, Professionalism, and Coaching
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Risk, Safety, and Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
44. Scaling Children's Sport to Augment Motor Skill Acquisition
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Psychological Factors
Skill Performance and Acquisition Factors
Biomechanical Factors
Cognitive Factors
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions, and Future Research
References
45. Learning to Coach Children in Sport
Introduction
Review of Current Research
Structured Education and Researchers' Programs on, for, and with Sport Coaches of Children
Children's Sport Coaches' Cognitions, Emotions, behaviours, and Reflections
Children's Sport Coaches' Perceptions, Preferences, and Attitudes
Implications for Children's Sport Coaching
Summary, Future Directions and Future Research
References
Index
