Routledge Companion to Cycling

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of figures
List of tables
About the contributors
An introduction to the companion to cycling
Cycling and its discontents
Non-conformist uses of the bicycle
References
Part I: Cycling and society: An introduction
References
Chapter 1: Theorizing cycling
Why theorize?
Knowledge and theory
Varieties of thinking and theorizing
Cycling as a sociotechnology
Cycling as a cyborg activity
Cycling as a social practice
Automobility and vélomobility
Conclusions
References
Chapter 2: Cycling and gender: Past, present and paths ahead
Introduction
From gender to gendering
Recovering cycling histories
Gendering cycling today
Challenges to cycling
Enabling participation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: The precarious work of platform cycle delivery workers
Introduction: from cycle work to gig work. A brief history
Conceptualizing precarity from an intersectional perspective. From the right to a livelihood to the right to the road
Gender
Ethnicity and migrant status
Concluding reflections
Acknowledgement
Bibliography
Chapter 4: The sociality of cycling
Introduction
The bikespace and the importance of demand for cycling
Examples of enhanced sociality
Community bike workshops
Critical mass/vélorution and bike events
Conclusion
References
Vignette A: Black cyclists matter: Major Taylor – Au Parc des Princes 1901
Bibliography
Chapter 5: Programs for cycling inclusion
Why cycling inclusion matters
The cycling participation ladder
Examples of initiatives and programs working toward cycling inclusion
Access
Competence
Embrace
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: The potential of “bike-like” vehicles to provide big wins for climate change, safety and justice
Urban living and car travel
Design factors
Safety and speed
Human-scaled vehicles
Energy efficiency
Bicycles are the template
Toward a solution
Beginnings of a research and policy agenda
References
Chapter 7: Mobility, freedom and self-determination: The benefits (and barriers) to disabled people cycling
Introduction
Cycling, mobility & health
Cycling as mobility
Cycling and health
Barriers to cycling
Health professionals
Social attitudes – and their impact
Conclusion
Notes
References
Part II: Cycle technology: An introduction
Why is cycle technology important?
Evolution of cycle technology
Technological dead ends
The influence of fashion
Technology push versus market pull
Chapters in this part
Chapter 8: Configuration of cycles
Defining a cycle
Cycling as machine sports
The bicycle sector
Gender
Cycling science
Friction
Inertia
Tire friction
Air drag
How many wheels? How many operators?
Unicycles
Dicycles
Bicycles
Tandem
Sociable
Triplet
Tricycle
Quadricycles
Recumbents
Aerodynamics: streamliners, velomobiles and fairings
Future city cycles
References
Chapter 9: Frames and materials
Structural principles
Resisting compression and tension
Resisting bending
The effect of cross-sectional shape
Resisting torsion
Resisting shear forces
Coping with multiple loads
Fatigue
Types of frames
Accommodating steering and suspension
Separable and folding frames
Multi-rider cycles
Frame geometry
Recumbents
Standard cycles
Factors affecting steering behavior
Trail
Wheel flop
Optimizing steering behavior
Materials
Assembly of frames
Future developments
Additional reading
Chapter 10: Wheels and shock absorption
Hubs
Hub shells
Hub gears, dynamos and brakes
Axles
Rims
Spokes
Tires
Pneumatic tires
The problem of punctures
Single-tube tires
Sew-ups
Wired-on tires
Tubeless tires
Valves
Tread patterns
Suspension
Mountain bikes, hybrids and e-bikes
Road bikes
Small-wheelers
Source list
Chapter 11: Transmission and brakes
Transmission
Single gear transmission
Belts and shafts
Variable gears
Derailleur gears
Hub gears
Hybrid gears
Shifting
Continuously variable gears and non-circular chainrings
Brakes
Spoon or plunger brakes
Rim brakes
Coaster or back-pedal brakes
Rim brake problems
Hub brake problems
Caliper brakes
Cantilever brakes, U-brakes and roller cam brakes
Direct pull brakes
Disc brakes
Drum brakes, roller brakes and band brakes
The future of cycle braking
References
Further Reading
Chapter 12: Passenger carrying
Carrying children
Early child seats
Trailers and side-cars
Child seats in recent decades
Trailer-bikes
Child trailers
Cargo bicycles and tricycles
Lights
Tires and suspension
Power-assistance
Carrying adult passengers – rickshaws
Conclusion
Source list
Vignette B: Micromobility in Rwanda
Sources
Chapter 13: Cycling technologies and disability
Cycles, bodies and minds
Mobility
Stress and anxiety
Cardiovascular problems
Visually impaired
Autoimmune diseases
Balance and equilibrium
Types of cycles for PWD
Manumotive machines (a.k.a. handcycles/hand-cranked)
Pedomotive machines (pedal cranked/non-adapted)
Sociables
Tandems
Power-assisted cycles
Chair transporters
Stability machines
Reflections on the makers
Conclusion
Bibliography
Part III: The cycling economy: An introduction
References
Chapter 14: The global bicycle industry
Background
The rise of China as the world’s major bicycle maker
Trends in the world’s cycle industry today: an overview
Recent trends 1: bicycle assembly
Recent trends 2: industrial clustering
Recent trends 3: automation
Recent trends 4: designing bicycles
Recent trends 5: consolidation of makers and brands
Recent trends 6: off-shoring vs re-shoring
Summary and conclusions
Acknowledgement
Bibliography
Chapter 15: The value chains and production clusters of Taiwan’s bicycle industry
Taiwan bicycle industry development background
Industry budding and import substitution (1949–1970)
Export-oriented development (1970–1980)
Need for relocation, transformation, and upgrading of production (1980–1990)
International low-price competition (1991–2002)
Research and development (R&D) to increase value-added (2003–2016)
Competitive advantages of high value-added products (2017~)
Development of bicycle clusters
A-Team development and the value chain
Consumers’ role and branding
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Bicycle trade shows as transactional spaces
In the beginning
Three types of cycle trade shows
Manufacturers’ shows
Distributor shows
Consumer shows
Trade shows and the information economy
Trade shows versus digital communication
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Retailing bicycles
Logistics of bicycle supply chains
Advertising and sponsorships
Mass vs specialty
Bikes vs accessories
High-end custom bikes
American bike shops become specialty bicycle retailers
How many bike shops are there in America?
Five types of American bike shops
Multi-store chain
Brand
Specialty Independent (IBD)
New-wave (including mobile) bike shops
Online
Estimated annual retail sales of specialty bicycle retailers
What will the bike shop of the future look like?
3D printing
A closing word about electric bicycles
References
Chapter 18: On the shoulders of Giant: Cluster innovation and entrepreneurship in the Taiwanese bicycle industry
Introduction
A brief history of Giant
The crises and cross-national linkages of Taiwan’s bicycle industry
Development, crises and the state
Outward investment and the formation of a cross-national production network
Local evolution and global upgrading: role of the A-Team
Development of the A-Team
Recent developments
Conclusions and policy implications
Bibliography
Chapter 19: Street trades and work cycles
Introduction
Cycling economies
Work cycle technologies
Work cycle purposes in Mexico City
Passenger transport
Goods delivery
Street vending
Work cycle imaginaries
Conclusion
References
Vignette C: Mobile cycle repairing in Beijing
Source
Part IV: Urban cycling: An introduction
Chapter summaries
Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: Cycling infrastructure: Planning cycle networks
Introduction
Planning cycle networks
Design principles
Routes with other traffic
Cycleways
Junctions and crossings
Priority junctions
Signal control
Roundabouts
Crossings
Cycle parking
Concluding summary
References
Vignette D: Cycling infrastructure in Lund, Sweden
References
Chapter 21: Situating the mobility fix of contemporary urban cycling policy
Introduction
Manifestations of cycling policy: behavior change, infrastructure and public bikes
Behavior change
Cycle infrastructure
Public Bike Sharing Schemes
Theorizing cycling policy: biopolitics and mobility fixing
Questions raised by current directions in cycling policy
References
Chapter 22: Making space for cycling
Introduction
Bicycle space: beyond infrastructure
Temporary spaces
Policy spaces
Activist spaces
Conclusion
References
Vignette E: B2W Indonesia and the re-cycling of Jakarta
Further reading
Chapter 23: Shared micromobility: Policy, practices, and emerging futures
Brief history, growth, and evolution of shared micromobility
User demographics and shared micromobility impacts
Shared micromobility policies and practices
Future of shared micromobility
References
Further Reading
Chapter 24: E-bikes: Expanding the practice of cycling?
Defining e-bikes
Historical perspective
E-cycling: main findings of the literature
E-cycling: expanding the practice of cycling?
Outlook: the future of (e-)cycling?
References
Chapter 25: Cycling safety as mobility justice
Safety concerns: a top barrier to cycling
Approaches to studying cycling safety
Objective safety
Perceived safety
Who is safe? Who feels safe?
Cycling as mobility justice
Centering power in cycling safety
Considering intersectionality
Conclusion
References
Part V: Sport, health and lifestyle: An introduction
Reference
Chapter 26: Amateur sport cycling: The rise of the MAMIL
Introduction
The rise of the MAMIL
British cycling success and the ‘Wiggo Effect’
The changing face of amateur road cycling
Delving inside the lifeworld of the MAMIL
Motivation
Becoming
Materials and technology
Experience
Gender roles
Impact on everyday practical cycling
Summary
Bibliography
Chapter 27: Professional road cycling
Introduction
The peculiar context of road cycling
A team sport won by individuals
A sport with heterogeneous competitions
A sport practiced on public roads by teams without a home base
Professional road cycling today
Institutional setting
League structure
Economic value
The challenges for professional road cycling
The fragile business model
ASO’s dominance
The relatively small and aged TV audience
The doping legacy
References
Vignette F: In the peloton
References
Chapter 28: Off-road cycling
History of the sport
Types of off-road biking
Mountain biking competitions and events
Who mountain bikes?
Environmental impacts
Conclusion
References
Chapter 29: Track cycling
Track bicycles
Velodromes
Olympic track events
Sprint events
Endurance events
Physiology and training of track cyclists
Madison square garden, six days of new york
The hour record
Bibliography
Vignette G: Keirin culture
Origins of keirin
Keirin racing
Koichi Nakano
Women’s Keirin
Uniform
Keirin bicycles
A Keirin race
Betting: line and tactics
Wager and odds
Keirin in the world
Further reading
Chapter 30: Health benefits of cycling
Introduction and framework
Physical health benefits of cycling in adults
Recent systematic reviews
Summary of most recent intervention and cohort studies
Cycling and physical health benefits among children and adolescents
Cycling and mental health
Physical activity and mental health in children and adults
Cycling-specific studies of mental health
Health risks of cycling
Conclusion
References
Chapter 31: Doping in cycling: Past, present and future trends
Introduction and overview
Doping for strength and endurance
The need for doping in cycling
The prevalence of doping
Doping amateurs
Doping in the Tour de France
The Festina Affair and Operation Puerto
Anti-doping policies and detection methods
The biological passport and the athlete whereabouts reporting system
Legal definitions of doping and grey zones
Sanctions for doping
Hiding and evading doping
Confessing doping
The Lance Armstrong saga: “Pursuing the American dream”
“Clean cycling” and doping in the future
Mechanical doping
Genetic therapy/engineering
Conclusion
References
Further resources
Part VI: Places of cycling: An introduction
Vignette H: Early cycling in the Bois De Boulogne, Paris
Notes
Chapter 32: Cycling’s symphony of place
Awheel: our senses of place, time, distance, memory, and now
Cycling’s illustrators
Cycling’s geographers
Landseeërs in a digital age
References
Further Reading
Vignette I: Constructing peaceful places through bicycles
References
Chapter 33: In quest of adventures
The adventure of cycling
The culture of cycle venturing
Urban cycle journeys
From imperialistic chauvinism to accepting cultural differences
Introspective journeying
Two journeys past and present
Bibliography
Vignette J: Winter cycling: Montreal’s four-season bicycle network
Year-round bicycle use
Towards a four-season cycling network
Evolving perceptions and discourse
References
Chapter 34: The Africanized bicycle
Introduction
Early traces and evaluations
Economic relevance of cycling during colonial times
Current uses and cultural appropriation
Conclusion: bicycles between appreciation and pragmatism
Notes
References
Vignette K: Wheels of Fire: Women cycling in the Middle East
Bibliography
Chapter 35: Cycling in Indian cities: Between everyday cyclists and affluent cyclists
Introduction
Who cycles in the Indian city?
Evolution of cycling in Indian cities
Cycling in transport policies and programs
Planning for cycling at city level – Pune bicycle plan 2017
Making cycling mainstream – Cycle4Change program
Making cycling available & affordable – public bicycle sharing system
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 36: The rise of the Kingdom of Bicycles
The early years
From the Imperial entourage to the general public (late 19th century–1949)
Extreme scarcity to full saturation (1950–1990s)
E-vehicles, the internet, and globalization: 2000 to the present
The emergence of electric bicycles
Bicycle sharing
Made in China and sold all over the world
References
Chapter 37: Copenhagen is a good place to bike: But it could be better…
Infrastructure and planning matters
Focusing on the stories that have an impact
Concluding remarks
References
Vignette L: Beach Road, Melbourne
Bibliography
Chapter 38: Bogotá: Perspectives on the “World Bike Capital”
Note
References
Part VII: The visual culture of cycling
Chapter 39: The machine aesthetic: The visual identity of the bicycle and its representation in advertising and artefacts
References
Chapter 40: Dressed to ride
Sporting men
Sporting women
The dress problem
The problem with the dress problem
The new dandies
References
Chapter 41: Cycle posters of the Belle Époque
The poster artists
Symbols and emblems of the cycle makes
Illustrators delineate the thematic preferences of makers
Appropriate cycle themes
Social life opening to cycling
Further Reading
Chapter 42: Art and the cycle
Bibliography
Vignette M: The space between
Ai Weiwei’s “Forever Bicycles”
Bibliography
Further Reading
Chapter 43: Cycling and cinema: Revolutionary films
Comedy
Work
Sport
Gender
Children
References
Further Reading
Part VIII: Cycling in literature: An introduction
Bibliography and Further reading
Chapter 44: The bicycle and the creative pursuit in French literature
References
Chapter 45: The liberating bicycle in literature
Adolescents, bikes, and liberation
Gender nonconformists, bikes, and liberation
The working class, bikes, and liberation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 46: Cycling humor in turn-of-the-century literature
Bibliography
Chapter 47: On bards on bicycles: The art of cycling poetry
Poetry on wheels
Why poetry?
The language of cycling
A brief history of rhyme
That freewheeling feeling
The first mover
All work and all play
References
Further reading
Chapter 48: “The stutter of the world beneath you”: The literature of cycle travel
Pilgrims
Ramblers
Adventurers
References
Index