How can you ensure students are engaged and learning at deeper levels? This book from bestselling author Barbara R. Blackburn is a treasure chest of more than 250 practical and effective tools that can be used across grade levels and subject areas to increase rigor, leading to higher levels of learning and success.
Topics include scaffolding, differentiation, higher-level questions, high expectations, gradual release of responsibility, and more. This essential second edition offers more than 50 additional tools, updated research, and new topics such as teaching academic discourse, creating an environment of respect, and building students’ social and emotional learning.
Rigor in Your Classroom will be your go-to resource throughout the school year, as you continually use new tools with your students. Bonus: The tools are accompanied by graphic organizers, charts, templates, and reproducibles for easy implementation.
Author(s): Barbara R. Blackburn
Edition: 2
Publisher: Routledge/Eye on Education
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 258
City: New York
Cover
Half Title
Series
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Meet the Author
Support Material
Introduction
1 Understanding Rigor
Myths About Rigor
Myth 1: Lots of Homework Is a Sign of Rigor
Myth 2: Rigor Means Doing More
Myth 3: Rigor Is Not for Younger Students
Myth 4: Rigor Is Not for Struggling Students or Those With
Special Needs
Myth 5: When You Increase Rigor, Student Motivation Decreases
Myth 6: Providing Support Means Lessening Rigor
Myth 7: Resources Equal Rigor
Myth 8: Standards Alone Take Care of Rigor
Myth 9: Rigor Means You Have to Quit Doing Everything You
Do Now and Start Over
Myth 10: Rigor Is Just One More Thing to Do
Conclusion
2 Raising Expectations Through Questioning and Adult Behaviors
Tool 1: Sample Questions Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy
Tool 2: Planning Tool for Bloom’s Taxonomy
Tool 3: Essential Questions
Tool 4: Sample Essential Questions
Tool 5: Paideia Seminars
Tool 6: Questions for a Socratic Dialogue
Tool 7: The Williams Model
Tool 8: Questioning Types
Tool 9: Applying the Williams Model
Tool 10: SCAMPER Strategy
Tool 11: SCAMPER Structure
Tool 12: Moving From Low to High-Level Questions
Tool 13: Nine Characteristics of Effective Questioning
Tool 14: Quality Students’ Responses
Tool 15: Examples and Non-Examples
Tool 16: Connecting What You’ve Learned
Tool 17: Behaviors That Reflect High Expectations
Tool 18: Differentiating Behavior by Level of Expectancy
Tool 19: Marzano’s Four-Step Process
Tool 20: Expecting the Best
Tool 21: Expecting the BEST
Tool 22: Refuse to Use the Word “Won’t"
Tool 23: Don’t Allow the Word “Can’t"
Tool 24: Each Student Demonstrates Understanding
Tool 25: Required Completion of Work
3 Raising Expectations Through Complex Tasks
Tool 26: Webb’s Depth of Knowledge
Tool 27: Sample Activities Using DOK
Tool 28: The DOK and Writing
Tool 29: Cognitive Rigor Matrix
Tool 30: Math and Science CRM
Tool 31: Writing and Speaking CRM
Tool 32: Social Studies and Humanities CRM
Tool 33: 3rd Grade Math
Tool 34: Grades 4-12 Math
Tool 35: Middle/High School Math
Tool 36: Middle/High School STEM
Tool 37: Kindergarten/First Grade Science
Tool 38: Third Grade Science
Tool 39: Upper Elementary/Middle School Science
Tool 40: High School Science
Tool 41: Grade Four Writing
Tool 42: Middle School Language Arts
Tool 43: High School English
Tool 44: Fourth Grade Social Studies
Tool 45: Seventh Grade Social Studies
Tool 46: High School Social Studies
Tool 47: The Human Rights Game (Interdisciplinary)
Tool 48: Critiquing a Performance (Music, Theatre)
Tool 49: Computer Science
Tool 50: Career Technology
4 Increasing Depth of Instruction
Tool 51: Problems With Student Talk
Tool 52: PURPOSEful Discourse
Tool 53: Organizers for Academic Discussion
Tool 54: Examples of Discourse
Tool 55: Sample Classroom Norms
Tool 56: Sample Questioning Prompts
Tool 57: Starter Questions
Tool 58: Objectives
Tool 59: Tiers of Vocabulary
Tool 60: Tier Two Vocabulary
Tool 61: Tier Three Vocabulary
Tool 62: Project-Based and Problem-Based Learning
Tool 63: Examples of Project-Based Learning
Tool 64: Elementary Reading
Tool 65: Elementary/Middle School Social Studies
Tool 66: Middle School Science
Tool 67: Middle School Math
Tool 68: High School English
Tool 69: High School Social Studies
Tool 70: Other Topics
Tool 71: PBL Key Areas
Tool 72: Assessing Project- and Problem-Based
Learning
Tool 73: Sample Peer Assessment
Tool 74: Science Rubric Excerpt
Tool 75: Cubing to Look at Perspectives
Tool 76: Story Cubing Pattern
Tool 77: Cubing Prompts
Tool 78: Additional Cubing Prompts
Tool 79: Thinking Hats
Tool 80: RAFT
Tool 81: Sample RAFTs
Tool 82: Debates
Tool 83: Sample Debate Topics
Tool 84: Process for Debates
Tool 85: Graphic Organizer for Debates
Tool 86: Informal Debates
Tool 87: Deductive vs. Inductive Reasoning
Tool 88: Sample Task
Tool 89: Standards
Tool 90: Uncovering Pictures
Tool 91: Discover the Mistakes
Tool 92: Word Sorts
Tool 93: Entrance Slips
Tool 94: Pizza Wheel
Tool 95: Sample Exit Slip
Tool 96: Read the Room
5 Giving Scaffolding and Support
Tool 97: Gradual Release
Tool 98: K-W-L
Tool 99: LINK Strategy
Tool 100: IIQEE
Tool 101: Spinner
Tool 102: Sample Prompts
Tool 103: Sample Reading Anticipation Guide
Tool 104: Topic Anticipation Guide
Tool 105: Math Anticipation Guide
Tool 106: Characteristics of Effective Anticipation Guides
Tool 107: Paying Attention With the SLANT Model
Tool 108: Teaching Students a Process
Tool 109: Think Alouds
Tool 110: Guide-o-Ramas With Text
Tool 111: Guide-o-Rama for Videos
Tool 112: Building a Guide-o-Rama
Tool 113: Broader Viewing Guide
Tool 114: Vocabulary Graphic Organizer
Tool 115: Word Cards
Tool 116: Using Evidence to Support Your Thoughts
Tool 117: Elementary Graphic Organizer
Tool 118: Social Studies Graphic Organizer
Tool 119: PERSIA Graphic
Tool 120: Math Word Problems
Tool 121: Pythagorean Theorem
Tool 122: Science Experiment Steps
Tool 123: High School Science
Tool 124: Music Graphic Organizer
Tool 125: Mini-Assessment
Tool 126: Math Mini-Assessment
Tool 127: Sample Elementary Differentiated Lesson
Tool 128: Fractions Differentiated Lesson
Tool 129: Content Literacy Differentiated Lesson
Tool 130: Differentiated Learning Through Learning Centers
Tool 131: Steps for Working With Learned Helplessness
Tool 132: Modifications and Accommodations
Tool 133: Schema-Based Problem Solving
Tool 134: Say-Ask-Check
Tool 135: Technology for Specific Support
Tool 136: Use of Visuals
Tool 137: Use of Language
Tool 138: Sentence Frame
Tool 139: Technology for ELL Students
Tool 140: Tips for Teaching Gifted Students
Tool 141: Working With Underachievers
Tool 142: Tips for Working With Students With Autism
Tool 143: Strategies for Working With ADD/ADHD Students
Tool 144: Extra Help
6 Options for Assessment
Tool 145: Characteristics of Formative Assessment
Tool 146: Transformative Assessment
Tool 147: Demonstrating Understanding Through Four Corners
Tool 148: Demonstrating Understanding Through Pair/Shares
Tool 149: Reflecting on What I Know
Tool 150: 1-2-3 Times Two
Tool 151: “I” Responses
Tool 152: CROWN
Tool 153: Learning Logs
Tool 154: Laundry Day
Tool 155: Other Options for Formative Assessment
Tool 156: Ensuring Assignment Is Appropriate
Tool 157: HOTS for Lord of the Flies by William Golding (novel)
Tool 158: HOTS for Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe (short story)
Tool 159: HOTS for “Free At Last” by Martin Luther King, Jr.
Tool 160: Culture Assignment
Tool 161: Assignment Yields Results
Tool 162: Archaeology Assignment
Tool 163: Characteristics of Effective Feedback
Tool 164: Feedback Process
Tool 165: Teacher Feedback During Questioning
Tool 166: 1-2-3
Tool 167: Principles of Effective Homework
Tool 168: Purpose-Driven Homework
Tool 169: Quality-Driven Homework
Tool 170: Analysis of Homework Assignment
Tool 171: Student-Driven Homework
Tool 172: Sample Homework Activities
Tool 173: Interactive Homework
Tool 174: Purposes of Grading
Tool 175: How to GRADE
Tool 176: Student-Created Categories
Tool 177: Remove Effort, Behavior, and Attendance from Grading
Tool 178: Align Grading to Assessment
Tool 179: Wanted Poster
Tool 180: Revised Grading Guidelines
Tool 181: The Instant Credit Recovery Model
Tool 182: Teaching Responsibility
Tool 183: Sample Reassignment Policy
Tool 184: Sample Rubric for Not Yet Grading
Tool 185: Extra Credit Undermines Authentic Grading
Tool 186: Grading for Exceptional and Struggling Learners
Tool 187: Ideas for Working With Students With Special Needs
7 Reinvigorating the Environment
Tool 188: Vision Letters
Tool 189: Autobiographies
Tool 190: Creating a Timeline
Tool 191: Where I’m From Poems
Tool 192: Creating Respect
Tool 193: Contract of Norms
Tool 194: RESPECT
Tool 195: EARNing Respect
Tool 196: Student Credo
Tool 197: Respecting Diversity
Tool 198: Culture Boxes
Tool 199: Creating a Classroom Culture Web
Tool 200: Positive vs. Negative Interactions With Students
Tool 201: Tracking Positive and Negative Interactions
Tool 202: Sample Negative and Positive Comments
Tool 203: Positive and Negative Body Language
Tool 204: Praise and Encouragement Statements
Tool 205: Sample Certificates
Tool 206: Possible Zones for an Elementary Classroom
Tool 207: Sample Role Models
Tool 208: Template for Student Role Model Poster
Tool 209: Ideas for Door Themes
Tool 210: Sample Phrases for Welcome Messages
Tool 211: Examples of Critical Information
Tool 212: How to Figure Out a Word You Don’t Know
Tool 213: Safety Procedures
Tool 214: Safety Equipment
Tool 215: Following Directions
Tool 216: Shifting Roles
Tool 217: Choice of Topics
Tool 218: Literature Choice Board (Grade 4)
Tool 219: High School Biology Contract
Tool 220: Sample Resources
Tool 221: Does it COUNT?
Tool 222: Bookmark
Tool 223: Process for Student Choice in Scaffolding
Tool 224: Sample Scaffolding Tools Regularly Available (General or Specific)
Tool 225: Choice in Self-Reflection
Tool 226: Choice in Assessment
Tool 227: Show What You Know Exam
Tool 228: Choice-Based Portfolios
Tool 229: Portfolio Choices for Students
Tool 230: Student-Created Rules
8 Common Concerns
Tool 231: Strategies for Current Situations
Tool 232: Sources for Building Your PLNs
Tool 233: Quotes to Encourage You
Tool 234: Websites That Provide Tips for Work-Life Balance
Tool 235: Reasons to Become an Advocate
Tool 236: Characteristics of an Effective ADVOCATE
Tool 237: Stakeholders
Tool 238: Ten Principles of Effective Communication
Tool 239: Interacting With Your School Board
Tool 240: PAIR With Parents
Tool 241: General Tips for Parents
Tool 242: Rigor Tip Sheet for Parents
Tool 243: Social Media Tools
Tool 244: Inform and Transform
Tool 245: Parent Brochure
Tool 246: Rigor Column
Tool 247: Relationships Are Shared
Tool 248: Sample Agenda for Parent–Teacher Meeting
Tool 249: Characteristics of Social-Emotional Learning
Tool 250: Social Emotional Learning Self-Assessment, Version 1
Tool 251: Social Emotional Learning Self-Assessment, Version 2
Tool 252: Incorporating SEL in the Classroom
Tool 253: Children’s Books to Teach SEL
Tool 254: Young Adult Novels
Tool 255: Core Beliefs About Rigor and Remote Learning
Tool 256: Math Example
Tool 257: Science Example
Tool 258: Social Studies Example
Tool 259: English/Language Arts Example
9 Leading Rigor in Your School
Tool 260: Six Steps
Tool 261: Sample Steps
Tool 262: Sample Feedback Questions
Tool 263: Three Bs for Working With Teachers
Tool 264: Building a Relationship
Tool 265: Characteristics of PLCs
Tool 266: Benefits of PLCs
Tool 267: Three Questions for PLCs
Tool 268: Providing Collaborative Time
Tool 269: Teachers’ Self-Assessment
Tool 270: Lesson Studies
Tool 271: Video Lessons
Tool 272: Reflection and Improvement
Tool 273: Critiquing for Rigor
Tool 274: Organizer for Critique
Tool 275: Sample Non-Rigorous Behaviors
Tool 276: Process for Looking at Tasks and Assignments
Tool 277: Rigor Check
Tool 278: Assessing a Sample
Tool 279: Adding Rigor to Existing Evaluations for Textbooks or
Other Programs
Tool 280: Evaluating Individual Resources
Tool 281: Professional Development: Understanding Rigor
Tool 282: Professional Development: Myths of Rigor
Tool 283: Professional Development: Expectations
Tool 284: Professional Development: Using Technology
to Increase Rigor
Tool 285: Self-Reflection
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Bibliography
