The book discusses various aspects of biophysics. It starts from the popular article on neurobiology to quantum biology and ends up with the consciousness of a human being and in the universe. The authors have covered eight nine different aspects of natural intelligence, starting from time crystal found in the chemical biology to the vibrations and the resonance of proteins. They have covered a wide spectrum of hierarchical communication among different biological systems. Most importantly, authors have taken an utmost care that even school-level students fall in love with biophysics; it is simple and more of a textbook and definitely bring the readers to a world of biology and physics like never before. Most authors are experienced academicians, and they have used lucid and simple language to make the content interesting for the readers.
Author(s): Anirban Bandyopadhyay, Kanad Ray
Series: Studies in Rhythm Engineering
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 273
City: Singapore
Preface
Contents
About the Authors
1 Is Coronavirus Pushing Humanity Towards an Evolutionary Jump as It Did Long Back When It Initiated Making a Brain?
1.1 Introduction: Seeing Life Using a Language of Clocks
1.1.1 When a Virus Was Attacked by Another Virus: Advantage of Clocks
1.1.2 Basic Concepts of the Virus Evolution
1.1.3 Do Viruses Have Life
1.2 Origin of Viruses
1.2.1 Progressive Hypothesis
1.2.2 Regressive Hypothesis
1.2.3 Virus First Hypotheses
1.3 The Extraordinary Role of Viruses in the Shaping of the Human Evolution
1.3.1 Working Mechanism of Virus
1.3.2 Evolution of Syncytin
1.3.3 Humans and Viruses Both Live All Over the Food Pyramid
1.3.4 How Do Viruses Jump from Animals to Humans?
1.3.5 How Does a Virus Make Us Ill?
1.3.6 How Long a Virus Can Live Outside of the Body
1.4 How Are Viruses Important for Our Brain
1.4.1 How Virus Can Affect the Human Brain Cell
1.4.2 Effect of Poliomyelitis Virus on the Human Brain Cells
1.5 How Covid-19 Affects the Human Nervous System?
1.5.1 Artificially Triggering Virus Evolution: Wuhan's Lab Was Experimenting with Junction Optimization
1.5.2 Some Animals Are Special: 12,000 Viruses like Coronavirus Are Waiting to Jump to Humans
1.6 Genomic Overview of SARS-CoV-2
1.6.1 Virus-Receptor Interactions
1.6.2 Ongoing Evolution of SARS-CoV-2
1.7 A Composition of Cavity and Dielectric Resonators: Virus–Receptor Complexes
1.7.1 Potential Distribution at the Protein Complex Junction
1.7.2 How Does Our Study Differs from the Existing Studies?
1.7.3 Future Evolution Path of SARS-CoV-2
1.8 Basic Understanding of Generic Model for Virus Evolution Using the Time Polycrystal
1.8.1 The Origin of Intelligence in a Virus: How Do They Outperform Human Immunity?
1.8.2 Applying Geometric Shapes to Our Already Reported Space-Time-Topology-Prime (STtS) Metric
1.8.3 Electromagnetic Interactions of Proteins and Time Crystals
1.9 Conclusion: The Final Battle of Virus and Humans for Supremacy on Planet Earth
References
2 Cloaking or Invisibility is the Foundation of Highly Intelligent Bio-machinery: Why Are Computer Circuits Primitive?
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 The Brilliant Engineering of Proteins as an Electromagnetic Engine
2.1.2 Ten Advantages of a Cloaking Protein
2.1.3 Background Literature Review of Electromagnetic Interactions of Proteins
2.1.4 Redefining Electromagnetic Resonance of Biomaterials: Why is It so Important?
2.1.5 Electromagnetic Resonance of DNA: How Does It Differ from Proteins
2.2 Ten Unique Features of Novel Electromagnetic Resonance
2.3 Biomaterials and Proteins as Metamaterials
2.3.1 The Early History of a Metamaterial
2.3.2 The Necessity of Water Layer
2.4 Time Crystal Composites: Classical and Quantum Metamaterial
2.4.1 Anisotropy of Biomaterials Splits E and B, Forms an Evanescent Wave
2.4.2 Rebuilding the Microtubule Assemblies for Electromagnetic Resonance Study: The Difference with Conventional Study
2.5 The Evolution of Microtubule Assembly into a Primitive Structure to Centriole
2.5.1 Theoretical Simulation Protocol: Microtubule Assemblies as a Wireless Coordinate System
2.5.2 Five Microtubule Assemblies
2.5.3 A Generic Feature of Resonance for the Five Microtubule Assemblies
2.5.4 Unique Periodic Motion of Electromagnetic Field at Resonance
2.5.5 The Evanescent Wave Measurement
2.6 Mechanical and Electromagnetic Resonance in Proteins and Complexes
2.7 Tubulin Resonance: Phase-Modulated Electric and Magnetic Field Profile Across Tubulin Dimers-Clocking Behavior
2.7.1 Coherent Oscillations in Proteins
2.7.2 Tubulin Simulation Result
2.7.3 Electric and Magnetic Field Clocking of AIS, Tubulin, and Microtubule
2.7.4 Biological Clocking Behavior
2.8 Fusion of Evanescent Wave and the Tunneling Wave Function
2.9 Artificially Created Metamaterials and Nature Metamaterials-Based Electromagnetic Cloaking
2.9.1 Artificially Created Metamaterials-Based Electromagnetic Cloaking
2.9.2 Natural Metamaterials-Based Electromagnetic Cloaking
2.10 Engineering of Water: Metamaterial Cloaking of Microtubule and DNA
2.10.1 How Biomaterials Hold the Metamaterial Cloaking Property
2.10.2 Resonance and EM Energy Distribution Along with the Composition of Microtubule-H2O
2.10.3 Permittivity, Permeability, Refractive Index, and Impedance Parameters
2.11 How Could Microtubule Show Cloaking?
2.12 Conclusion: Future Technologies Based on Anomalous Cloaking
References
3 Life is an Engineering Marvel of Water: It’s Water that Manages Noise to Synthesis Life
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 The Magic of Water
3.1.2 Interaction of Water–Protein
3.2 Dielectric Properties: Proteins and Water, Proteins in Water
3.2.1 Neighbors in an Undefined Boundary is the Interface of the Universe
3.2.2 Quadrupole Coupling: Gravitational-Wave from Supernovae to Proteins
3.3 Fat and Water: Do Not Hate Fat, Beloved Just After Water
3.3.1 Brain is Full of Fat; It Does Not Make the Brain Unhealthy
3.3.2 Fat and Human Diet
3.4 Classical Cloaking and Effort to Create Its Quantum Analog
3.4.1 Quantum Visibility/Invisibility of a Partially Resonant Composite, PRC
3.4.2 Experimental Study of Quantum Cloaking and Anomalous Quantum Cloaking
3.4.3 Theoretical Study
3.5 The Mutual Relationships Between Permeability and Permittivity
3.5.1 Functional Frequencies and Dielectric Fluctuations of DNA and Microtubule
3.5.2 Harmonic Nature of the Resonance Frequencies for Visibility/Invisibility of DNA and Microtubule
3.5.3 Cloaking in DNA and Microtubule
3.6 Theory for Anomalous Quantum Cloaking
3.6.1 Quantum Tunneling and Scattering Tensor from Electron Density Field
3.6.2 Hamiltonian for a Helical Nanowire
3.6.3 Determining Transmission Tensor Through Twelve Singularities
3.6.4 3D Phase Invariant Structure of a Helical Symmetry
3.7 The Magical Twelve Dimensions and Twelve Singularities
3.8 Difference Between Classical and Quantum Cloaking
3.8.1 Origin of Quantum Cloaking: Helical Arrangement of H2O
3.8.2 How Our Quantum Cloaking Phenomenon Differs from Earlier Prediction?
3.9 Fourth Circuit Element: Hinductor
3.9.1 The Memristor Proposal is Wrong: The Fourth Circuit Element Paradox
3.9.2 Electric and Magnetic Field Vector (E&B) in Light
3.9.3 Theory of Fourth Circuit Element, Hinductor
3.10 Storage Charge and Magnetic Flux of H Device
3.10.1 Periodic Variations of the H Device: Theoretical and Experimental Validation
3.10.2 Study of Magnetic Vortices
3.11 Conclusion: The Marriage Between Anomalous Quantum Cloaking and Fourth Circuit Element Hinductor
References
4 How to Reverse Engineer an Organic Human Brain Without Using Any Chemicals?
4.1 Brain is not a Chemical Soup: It is a Massive Clock Architecture
4.1.1 Five Radical Changes in the Concept of Biology
4.1.2 Information Propagation in the Biological System: All Elements of the System Contribute Equally to Information Processing
4.2 The Quest for Primes in the Brain Engineering
4.2.1 Generic Device of Decision-Making of Human Brain
4.2.2 Significance of Time Crystal Map of the Human Brain
4.2.3 Fractal Behavior of Resonance Frequency in Components of the Human Brain
4.2.4 Resonance Band Featuring in Terms of a Triplet of Triplets: Universal Resonance Chain
4.3 Foundation of a Clock in Biological Organism
4.3.1 Meander Flower Garden
4.3.2 Transition from Meander Flower to Meander Garden by Time Crystal
4.4 Different Perspective from Existing Neuroscience
4.4.1 Operational Language of a New Time Crystal
4.4.2 Singularity: Origin of a Clock
4.4.3 A Map of 3D Clock Assemblies of a Cortical Column
4.4.4 Defects in Cortical Columns Assembly Are Fundamental to the Learning Process
4.4.5 Clocking Assembly Model of Major Components of Brain Components
4.4.6 Blood Vessel Functional Responses: Motion or Movement, Audio + Visual + Time Registering an Event; Homeostatic Thermal Equilibrium
4.4.7 Functional Map and Humanoid Bot
4.4.8 How Do Vibrations of Blood Vessels Affect the Experiences of Consciousness?
4.4.9 Structural Symmetry
4.4.10 Overlapping Energy Pathways
4.4.11 Role of Homeostatic and Motion Circuits in HBS Brain
4.4.12 Detection of Consciousness Characteristics on the Brain of HBS by EEG
4.4.13 The Complication of All Possible Clocks in the Blood Vessel and Connectome Model in the Form of the Time Crystal
4.4.14 How Do the Cerebellum, Hippocampus, and Hypothalamus Establish Instantaneous Communication During the Decision-Making Process?
4.5 A Time Crystal Model of the Human Brain
4.5.1 Twelve Nested Layers Within and Above Constitute the HBS Brain
4.5.2 An Operational Time Crystal Model of the Human Brain
4.6 Dodecanion Algebra is the Mathematics of the Brain and Our Universe
4.6.1 A Conscious System: Limitation of the Human Brain Copy
4.6.2 Origin of Geometric Explanation of Events
4.6.3 Phase Prime Metric: PPM
4.7 Fourth Circuit Element or Hinductor
4.7.1 Vortex Synthesizer: The Fundamental Engineering of the Brain
4.7.2 A Hinductor Self-Assembles to Create Another Hinductor: Integrate Brain Hardware
4.8 Conclusion: Global Database of Brain Rhythms
References
5 The Making of a Humanoid Bot Using Electromagnetic Antenna and Sensors
5.1 Introduction: Brain as an Electromagnetic Engine
5.1.1 Microwave and Radiowave are Transmitting Through Our Brain Making Decisions?
5.1.2 Electromagnetic Resonance Model of the Brain
5.2 Different Brain Models and How Do They Differ from the Time Crystal Model
5.2.1 Boltzmann Brain Model
5.2.2 Selfish Biocosm and Anthropic Brain Model
5.2.3 Brain Model Based on Turing Concept
5.2.4 Bayesian Brain Antimony
5.2.5 Brain Model Based on Free Energy
5.2.6 A Matryoshka Brain Model
5.2.7 Brain Model Based on Electromagnetic Resonance
5.2.8 Relativistic Brain Model
5.2.9 Schrodinger or Quantum Brain Model
5.3 Evolution and Perception in the Human Brain: The Necessity to Emphasize the Use of Symmetries
5.3.1 Perception of Primes in the Human Brain
5.3.2 Hidden Properties in Resonant Bands of Biomaterials
5.3.3 Concept of the Singularity Point
5.4 How the Brain Uses Primes for Designing Its Components
5.4.1 Cerebellum
5.4.2 Hippocampus
5.4.3 Hypothalamus
5.4.4 Connectome
5.4.5 Spinal Cord
5.4.6 Cranial Nerve
5.4.7 Blood Vessel
5.4.8 Fornix
5.4.9 Brodmann's Region: Upper Cortex Layer
5.4.10 Thalamus
5.4.11 Cortical Column
5.4.12 Neuron
5.4.13 Nerve Filaments and Microtubule
5.5 Simulation Study of the Brain-Body System of Human
5.5.1 Cerebellum
5.5.2 Human Connectome Model
5.5.3 Cortical Column
5.5.4 Neuron
5.5.5 Hypothalamus
5.5.6 Hippocampus
5.5.7 Spinal Cord
5.5.8 Thalamus
5.5.9 Skin Nerve Network
5.5.10 Blood Vessel Network
5.6 Construction of 20 Consciousness Circuits in Humanoid Bot’ Brain
5.6.1 Consciousness
5.6.2 Memory
5.6.3 Language and Conversation
5.6.4 Thinking and Intelligence
5.6.5 Sense of Universal Time, Symmetry
5.6.6 Fear, Threat, Anger, Hate
5.6.7 Reward
5.6.8 Mimicry, Skill, Adaptation
5.6.9 Creativity and Humor
5.6.10 Personality
5.6.11 Love and Pain
5.6.12 Learning Dreaming Defragmentation
5.6.13 Fusion of Elementary Sensor into a Single Time Crystal
5.6.14 Proprioception
5.6.15 Registering an Event
5.6.16 Homeostasis, Thermal Equilibrium
5.6.17 How Brain Senses the Direction
5.6.18 Temporal Synchrony of Entire Skin Cover, the Feeling of Body
5.6.19 Emotion
5.6.20 Synthesis of Time
5.7 Conclusion: A Journey from Resonance Chain or Polyatomic Time Crystal Based Machines
References
6 Can We Ever Make a Humanoid Bot that Runs by Itself Without Any Software?
6.1 Introduction: Existing Artificial Intelligence is a Slave of the Programmer
6.1.1 Fitting Input and Output is Conceptually Orthogonal to What the Brain Does
6.1.2 If the Brain is a Computer, then It Instantly Writes Code, Fits It, Trains It, Run It
6.1.3 Designing a Machine and then Using It to Model a Life Form is a Crime
6.1.4 Brain Reduces Computing Element to Be Smart, Slows Processing Speed to Be Wiser
6.1.5 Synesthetic Technology Holds the True Mystery of a Human Brain
6.2 Every Ten years, We Say that We Are Going to Build a Human Brain
6.2.1 Two Fundamental Philosophical Approaches to Make a Human Brain
6.2.2 Comparative Review of Different Brain-Building Projects and Start-Up Innovations
6.3 Geometric Concept
6.4 Reverse Engineering of the Brain Components
6.4.1 Essential Artificial Components
6.4.2 Artificial Protein and Protein Complexes like Filaments
6.4.3 Artificial Neuron
6.4.4 Brain Cavities with Folds Are Essential
6.4.5 Artificial Nucleus
6.4.6 Artificial Connectome
6.4.7 Artificial Cortex
6.4.8 Artificial Cranial Nerves
6.4.9 Artificial Cortical Column
6.4.10 Artificial Basal Ganglia
6.4.11 Nineteen Artificial Brain Stems
6.4.12 Artificial Cerebellum
6.4.13 Artificial Hypothalamus
6.4.14 Artificial Spinal Cord
6.4.15 Artificial Limbic System
6.4.16 Artificial Thalamus
6.4.17 Artificial Blood Vessel
6.4.18 Artificial Hippocampus
6.5 Constructing the Brain Components
6.6 Artificial Cortex Construction and Its Studies
6.7 Reverse Engineering of Emotion Centers in the Brain: Thalamus, Amygdala, Hypothalamus
6.7.1 Thalamus, Amygdala, Hypothalamus: Combined Rhythms of Emotional Stress Under-Regulated Breathing
6.7.2 Loop Pathways of Signals in Thalamus, Amygdala, Hypothalamus, and Cortex Layer
6.7.3 Signal Pathways in the Individual Thalamus, Amygdala, and Hippocampus
6.8 The Construction of an Artificial Spinal Cord and Its Related Studies
6.8.1 Natural Sensory Signal to the Spinal Cord
6.8.2 The Construction of Spinal Cord
6.9 Interaction Between the Hippocampus and Spinal Cord During the Instant Decision-Making Process
6.10 Communication of Sensory Signals from Skin Cells to Nerve Cells and Brain Upper Region
6.10.1 Various Types of Well-Known Photoreceptors Involve in the Skin and Perform Their Function
6.10.2 Sensation Pathways
6.10.3 How Would We Understand the Interaction Between Spinal Cord and Skin Network by Resonance Frequency Curve?
6.10.4 Could Wireless Communication Affecting the Skin Disrupt Neural Sensory Signals to the Spinal Cord?
6.11 Cranial Nerve, Spinal Cord, and Human Nerve Network
6.11.1 How to Construct a Clocking Model of Functional Responses of These Structures?
6.11.2 The Role of Geometry and Primes Emulated in Reverse Engineering
6.12 The Theoretical and Experimental Challenge in the Creation of the Humanoid Bot Subject, HBS
6.12.1 Detection of Consciousness Features in HBS Brain by EEG
6.13 A Map of Rhythms is Enclosed in Humanoid Bot Brain
6.14 Conclusion: The Future of Time Crystal Bots
References