This book is designed for both the scientific audience, research and development engineers and the university students. The fundamentals of radio frequency antenna beam forming is explained in this book. The principles of beam focusing and beam steering in near field and far field are visualized with 2D and 3D simulations and compared with measurement results. Besides linear and planar antenna arrays, also conformal arrays, i.e. concave and convex antenna arrays, suitable for certain applications, are investigated and presented. Also related applications of radio frequency beam forming like open loop and closed loop large scale antenna arrays or massive MIMO, which is one of the break-through technologies for 5G and future 6G and involves an extremely large number of antenna elements for the multi-user beam forming, as well as thinned antenna arrays with electrically large distances between the antenna elements are discussed.
Author(s): Shun-Ping Chen, Heinz Schmiedel
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 140
City: Cham
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Introduction to Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
1.1 Maxwell's Equations
1.2 Vector Algebra
1.3 Wave Propagation in Different Media
2 Basic Antenna Elements
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2.1 Isotropic Radiator
2.2 Dipole Antenna
2.3 Patch Antenna
2.4 Horn Antenna
3 Linear Antenna Array
3.1 Introduction into Phased Array Antennas
3.2 Phase Control
3.3 Measurement Setup and Verification
3.4 Far Field Characteristics of a Linear Patch Antenna Array
3.5 Amplitude Weights and Side Lobes of the Radiation Pattern
3.6 Near Field Characteristics at a Distance of 10 λ
3.7 Near Field Characteristics at a Distance of 5.6 λ
4 Planar Antenna Arrays
4.1 Beam Forming, Focusing and Steering of Planar Arrays
4.2 Side Lobe Suppression
4.3 Simulation Results for Planar Antenna Arrays
5 Conformal Antenna Array
5.1 Beam Forming of One-Dimensional Conformal Concave Arrays
5.2 Beam Forming of One-Dimensional Conformal Convex Arrays
5.3 Beam Forming of 2-Dimensional Conformal Arrays
5.4 Comparison of Convex, Concave and Planar Profiles
5.5 Simulation Results for Conformal Antenna Arrays
6 MIMO Antenna Systems
7 Thinned Antenna Array
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8 Applications of Phased Arrays
8.1 Radar, Broadcasting and Positioning
8.2 Smart Antenna Systems
8.3 5G Massive MIMO Basestation for Multi-User Coverage
8.4 Deep Space Communications
8.5 Radio Astronomy Antenna Array
9 Conclusions
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Radio Frequency Bands
A.1 IEEE Frequency Bands
A.2 ITU Frequency Bands
A.3 EU NATO Frequency Bands
Glossary
