Revision Guide for MRCPsych Paper A

Cover
Endorsement
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Part I Behavioural Sciences and Sociocultural Psychiatry
1 Fundamentals of Psychology
a) Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Thorndike’s Law of Effect
Operant Conditioning
b) Shaping and Chaining
Shaping
Chaining
Learned Helplessness
c) Social Learning Theory
Reciprocal Causation
Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment
Insight Learning
Cognitive Learning
d) Perceptual Organisation
Figure vs. Ground Differentiation
Gestalt Principle of Perceptual Organisation
Perception of Depth Distance and Motion
e) Theories of Perception
Top-Down Theory
Bottom-Up Theory
f) Memory
g) Retrieval
Non-Declarative (Implicit Memory)
Summary
Working Memory
Forgetting
h) Ribot’s Law
i) Memory Disorders
j) Memory Neuroscience
k) Brain Structures Involved in Memory
2 Basic and Social Psychology
a) Personality
Consider the Differing Concepts of Personality
Freud’s Theory
The Structural Model
Alternative Theories
Trait Theory
Allport’s Theory
Cattell’s 16 Personality Factor Approach
Eysenck’s Approach
The ‘Big Five’ Personality Traits
Measuring Personality Traits
b) Emotion
James-Lange Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory (a.k.a. Thalami Theory)
Singer-Schachter Theory (a.k.a. Two-Factor Theory)
Lazarus Theory
c) Motivation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
d) Attitudes
Attitude Scales
Osgood’s Semantic Differential
e) Intelligence
The National Adult Reading Test (NART)
f) Cognitive Dissonance (Leon Festinger)
g) Self-Psychology
h) Attribution
i) Theory of Mind
Linguistics
Methods of Persuasive Communication
j) Controversial Studies
k) Groups and Conforming
Solomon Asch Conformity Experiment
Group Psychology
Wilfred Bion
l) Consent in Minors
Gillick Competence
3 Sociocultural Psychiatry
a) Ethics
b) Global Ethical Policies
c) Human Rights
d) Models of Illness
The ‘Sick Role’
Health Belief Model
Core Beliefs
The Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
e) Family Life
f) Theory of Expressed Emotion (EE)
g) Society and Mental Health
h) History of Major Publications in Psychiatry
i) Important Figures in Psychiatry
j) Immigration and Schizophrenia
k) Stigma
l) Grief
Grief Reaction
Abnormal Grief
Part II Human Development
4 Theories of Human Development
a) Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor Stage
Preoperational Stage
Concrete Operational Stage
Formal Operational Stage
b) The Zone of Proximal Development
c) Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
d) Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development (1905)
e) Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
0–18 Months
18–36 Months
36 Months–7 Years
7–12 Years
12–18 Years
18–40 Years
40–65 Years
65 and Onwards
f) Mahler’s ‘Separation-Individuation’ Stages of Child Development (1968)
g) Table of Relevant Developmental Stages
h) Temperament
i) Fear
j) Speech/Language Milestones
k) Motor Milestones
l) Attachment Theory
m) Studies Related to Attachment
n) Mary Ainsworth (1973)
o) Developmental Concepts
p) Parenting Styles
q) Freudian Concepts
r) Assessment of Intelligence
Part III Basic Neurosciences
5 Neuroanatomy
a) Brain Development
b) Cranial Fossae
c) Meningeal Layers
d) Cortical Structures
Other Major Sulci Include
e) Hemispheric Lateralisation
f) Cranial Foramina
g) Subcortical Structures
h) Thalamus
i) Cerebellum
j) Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerve Reflexes
k) White Matter Pathways
l) Spinal Cord
m) Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Route of CSF Passage
n) Blood Supply
o) Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
6 Neurophysiology
a) The Action Potential
b) The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (HPA)
c) Adrenal Fatigue
d) Thyroid Gland
e) Adrenal Cortex
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
f) Dexamethasone Suppression Tests (DSTs)
g) Tremors
h) Electroencephalograms (EEG)
i) Sleep Architecture
REM Sleep
Features of REM Sleep
Brain Activity
j) Sleep Disorders
Intrinsic Sleep Disorders
Narcolepsy
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
Rhythmic Movement Disorder
Arousal Disorders
Sleep Terrors
Sleep Walking (Somnambulism)
Sleep Paralysis
7 Neurochemistry
a) Classification of Receptors
b) Biogenic Amines
Receptors
Histamine
c) Catecholamines
Dopamine
Noradrenaline (NA)
d) Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)
e) Acetylcholine
8 Molecular Genetics
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) Copying DNA
d) DNA Mutations
e) Translocations
f) Terminology
g) Mendelian Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant (AD)
Autosomal Recessive (AR)
X-Linked Genetics
X-Linked Dominant
X-Linked Recessive
h) Non-Mendelian Inheritance
i) Techniques in Molecular Genetics
j) Heritability
k) Concordance
l) Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
m) Genetic Studies
Twin Studies
Family Studies
n) Schizophrenia Genetics
o) Affective Disorders Genetics
Bipolar Disorder
Unipolar Depression
p) Autism Genetics
q) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Genetics
r) Summary of Genetic Disorders
9 Clinical Neuropathology
a) Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
Macroscopic Neuropathology
Histological Changes/Microscopic
b) Lewy Body Dementia (LBD)
c) Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
Pick’s Disease
d) Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
e) Schizophrenia
f) Parkinson’s Disease
g) Summary of Pathological Findings
10 Applied Neurosciences
a) Frontal Lobe
Anterior Frontal Lobe Lesions
Medial Frontal Lobe (Broca’s Area) Lesions
Anterior Frontal Lobe Lesions
b) Parietal Lobe
c) Temporal Lobe Lesions
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE)
Occipital Lobe Lesions
d) Apraxia
e) Language
Language Production Model
f) Agnosia
Part IV Clinical Psychopharmacology
11 Mechanisms of Psychotropic Drugs
a) Classification of Psychotropic Medications
b) Typical Antipsychotics
c) Atypical Antipsychotics
d) Antidepressants
e) Anxiolytics and Sedatives
f) Antiepileptics and Mood Stabilisers
g) Dementia Drugs
h) ADHD Drugs
i) Drugs Used in the Treatment of Substance Misuse
j) Recreational Drugs
12 Specifics of Prescribing
a) Rational Prescribing
b) Drugs With Psychiatric Side Effects
c) Side Effects of Antidepressants
d) Antidepressant Withdrawal
e) Side Effects of Antipsychotics
f) Metabolic Side Effects of Antipsychotics
g) Antipsychotic Associated Hyperprolactinaemia
h) Drug Doses
i) Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and Serotonin Syndrome
j) Allergies and Toxicity
k) Specialist Drug Monitoring
Clozapine
Lithium
l) Prescribing in Special Groups
m) Prescribing in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
n) Principles in Psychiatric Emergencies
o) Driving
p) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
q) Factors Affecting Medication Adherence
r) The Placebo Effect
13 Pharmacokinetics
a) Key Aspects
b) Absorption
c) Distribution
d) Metabolism
e) Excretion
14 Broader Aspects of Psychopharmacology
a) Clinical Trials
b) Adverse Event Reporting
Part V Classification and Assessment
15 Classification
a) Diagnostic Manuals
ICD
DSM
b) Changes From DSM-IV to DSM-5
c) Approaches to Classification
Categorical Approach
Dimensional Approach
Operationalised Approach
Hierarchical Approach
16 History and Mental State Examination
a) The Psychiatric History
b) Cognitive Function
c) The Neurological Examination
Gait
Abnormal Movements
Speech
Tone
Power and Reflexes
Coordination
Sensations
Cranial Nerves
d) Blood Investigations
Full Blood Count
Urea + Electrolytes
Liver Function Tests
Fasting Glucose or HbA1C
Calcium
Glucose
Endocrine Tests
Prolactin
Lipid Profile
Serum Phosphate
Lithium Levels
Arterial Blood Gas
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Brain Imaging
Bone Density Scan
e) Specialist Dementia Scans
f) Delirium
g) Eating Disorders
h) Treatment With Comorbid HIV Infection
i) Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
j) Assessment Scales
Self-Rated
Clinician Rated
17 Psychopathology
a) Thought Disorders
b) Classifying Thought Form
c) Explanatory Models
Linguistic Studies
d) Classifying Thought Content
Primary Delusions
Secondary Delusions
Neuropsychology Theories of Delusions
e) Disorders of Speech
Receptive Dysphasia
Expressive Dysphasia
f) Disorders of Memory
Implicit Memory
Falsification of Memory
Dissociative Fugue
Pseudodementia
g) Disorders of Mood and Affect
h) Disorders of Perception
18 Diagnosis and ICD-10 Classification Codes
a) ICD-10 vs. DSM-IV
b) F00—F09 Organic, Including Symptomatic, Mental Disorders
F00 Dementia in Alzheimer’s Disease
F01 Vascular Dementia
F02 Dementia in Other Diseases Classified Elsewhere
Cortical vs. Subcortical Dementia
F05 Delirium, Not Induced by Alcohol and Other Psychoactive Substances
c) F10—F19 Mental and Behavioural Disorders Due to Psychoactive Substance Use
F10—Alcohol
F11—Opioids
F12—Cannabinoids
F14—Cocaine
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Hallucinogens
Ketamine
Acute Intoxication
Harmful Use
Dependence Syndrome
ADDICcT
Withdrawal State
d) F20—F29 Schizophrenia, Schizotypal and Delusional Disorder
F20 Schizophrenia
Subtypes of Schizophrenia
F20.0 Paranoid Schizophrenia
Hebephrenic Schizophrenia
Simple Schizophrenia
F22 Persistent Delusional Disorder
F23 Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder
What Is Schizophrenia?
e) F30—F39 Mood (Affective) Disorders
F30 Manic Episode
F30.0 Hypomania
F31 Bipolar Affective Disorder
F32 Depressive Episode
F32.0 Mild Depressive Episode
F32.1 Moderate Depressive Episode
F33 Recurrent Depressive Disorder
F34.0 Cyclothymia
F34.1 Dysthymia
f) F40—F49 Neurotic, Stress-Related and Somatoform Disorders
F40 Phobic Anxiety Disorders
F40.0 Agoraphobia
F40.1 Social Phobias
F40.2 Specific Phobias
F41 Other Anxiety Disorders
F41.0 Panic Disorder
F41.1 Generalised Anxiety Disorder
F41.2 Mixed Anxiety and Depressive Disorder
F42 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
F43 Reaction to Severe Stress
F43.1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
F45 Somatoform Disorder
F45.0 Somatisation Disorder
F45.2 Hypochondriacal Disorder
F45.3 Somatoform Autonomic Dysfunction
F45.4 Persistent Somatoform Pain Disorder
g) F50—F59 Behavioural Syndromes Associated With Physiological Disturbances and Physical Factors
F50 Eating Disorders
F50.0 Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
F50.1 Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
F50.2 Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
F50.3 Atypical Bulimia Nervosa
h) F60—F69 Disorders of Adult Personality and Behaviour
Index