Rethinking Asian Capitalism: The Achievements and Challenges of Vietnam Under Doi Moi

Preface
Acknowledgements
About This Book
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction
1 Stabilisation and Growth in Vietnam: The Early Experience
2 The Vietnamese Approach to Reforms
3 Vietnam’s “Socialist-Oriented Market Economy” in Contemporary Capitalist Globalisation
4 Organisation of the Volume
References
Part I: Setting the Scene Over 30 Years: A “lessons learned” Inspection
Chapter 2: The Transformations of Contemporary Capitalisms: Seven Lessons
1 Introduction
2 The Club of Developing Economies Was Not Closed: The Rise of East Asia
3 The Asian Capitalisms Are Different
3.1 Not a Mere Replication of Western Capitalisms
3.2 No Convergence Towards a Common Asian Model
4 Geographical Proximity Does Not Mean Identical Brands of Capitalisms
5 Mixing Market Mechanisms with Government Control in a Multi-Level System: China
6 More Interdependence than Competition Among Contrasting Socio-Economic Regimes
6.1 A Deepening of Economic Specialization with the Opening-Up of World Trade
6.2 Interdependent and Even Complementary Socio-Economic Regimes
7 The 2010s: The International Regime Is at Risk from Converging Pressures
7.1 The Defence of National Economic Sovereignty by New Political Movements
7.2 The Open Conflict Between Economic Complementarity and Geopolitical Rivalry
7.3 The Crisis of Post-WWII International Organizations
8 All Development Strategies Have To Be ReDesigned in the Face of Major International Uncertainties
8.1 Size Matters
8.2 The Transformation of the International Regime: Four Scenarios
8.3 Reconsidering the Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment and Export-Led Growth
8.4 The Century of the Anthropogenetic Model?
9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: The Hybrid Nature of the Vietnamese Market Economy: Personal Relationships and Debt in the Dairy and Maize Sectors
1 Introduction
2 From the Heterogeneity of Economies to Economic Hybridity
3 The Case Studies: Context and Methodology
4 The Role of Personal Relationships in Shaping the Ba Vi Milkshed
4.1 The Superimposition of Capitalist Forces on a Collectivist State-Led Economy
4.2 Toward “Formalized” Relationships Between Actors
4.3 Financial and Moral Indebtedness as Bonds
4.4 A Moral Agreement
4.5 Feasts, Banquets, Gifts, and Affective Relationships
5 The Role of Personal Relationships Within the Maize Sector in Mai Son
5.1 Global Agricultural Changes in Mai Sơn: The Deployment of the Forces of International Capitalism
5.2 The “Intermediaries”: Actors in a Central Position Within the Network
5.3 Debt Relations Between Input Retailers and Farmers
5.4 Credit and Advances: Necessary Conditions for the Sale of Agricultural Inputs
6 The Imbrication of Extra-Economic Logics Within the Market Economy: Challenge or Support Capitalism?
6.1 Financial Debts Embedded in Interpersonal Relationships
6.2 A Part of the Gift-Giving System
6.3 The Hybrid Nature of the Vietnamese Economy
7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: The Rise of Mega Farms in the Vietnamese Dairy Sector: A Marker of a New Agrarian Capitalism in Asia
1 Introduction
2 Framework and Method
3 Market Reforms and Support for Smallholders (1986–2008)
3.1 The Failure of State Farms and Emergence of a Peasant Economy
3.2 Smallholder Farms at the Core of the Post-Đổi Mới Dairy Economy
3.3 Conclusion on the Period
4 The Emergence of Mega Farms (2008–2020)
4.1 The “Peasant Regime” Called into Question
4.2 The Promotion of “Commercial Farms” (Trang Trai) and “Private Firms” (Doanh nghiệp)
4.3 The Emergence of the “Mega Farm” Model
4.4 Conclusion of the Section
5 Permanence and Resistance in the Dynamics of Capitalism
5.1 Control of the Land: A Prerogative of the State in Steering the Transition
5.2 Local Partnerships: A Factor Structuring the Dairy Milk Sheds
5.3 The Limits of the Sector Rationale: The Risks of Farmers’ Exclusion
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Core Values in Educating Human Resources for Socio-economic Transformations in Viet Nam
1 Introduction
2 Some Typical Cultural Values of Vietnamese People
2.1 Vietnamese Cultural Dimensions by Geert Hofstede
2.2 Vietnamese Dimensions Among Southeast Asian Cultural Ones by Storti
2.3 Vietnamese Traditional and Core-Oriented Values by Tran Ngoc Them
3 The Twenty-First-Century Skills and the Reality of Vietnamese Human Resources
3.1 The Twenty-First-Century Skills Needed for Sustainable Development
3.2 The Reality of Vietnamese Human Resources
3.3 Awareness of Developing New Core Values in Higher Education
4 Implications for Improving the Human Resource Training Programs
References
Part II: Existing and Emerging Issues in the Modern Society
Chapter 6: Public-Private Partnerships in Post-socialist Urban Governance: Comparative Institutional Change in Leipzig, Shanghai, and Ho Chi Minh City
1 Introduction
2 Conceptual Framework
2.1 Institutional Change in Post-socialist Urban Governance
2.2 PPPs and Urban Governance
2.3 An Integrated Approach to Comparing and Explaining the Institutional Change Associated with PPPs in Urban Governance
3 Differences in the Institutional Change Associated with PPPs in Post-socialist Urban Governance
3.1 Institutional Change Associated with PPPs in Leipzig
3.2 Institutional Change Associated with PPPs in Shanghai
3.3 Institutional Change Associated with PPPs in Ho Chi Minh City
3.4 Differences in Institutional Change Associated with PPPs
4 The Differences in Institutional Change Associated with PPPs in the Three Cities Described and Profiled
4.1 The Institutional Intermediation of Structural Context and Political Actors
4.2 Cultural Intermediation of Structural Context and Institutional Milieu
4.3 Institutional Intermediation of Culture and Political Actor
5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Agricultural Land Conversion and Land Rights in Vietnam: A Case Study of Farmers’ Resistance in the Peri-Urban Areas of Hanoi
1 Introduction
2 Methodology and Data Collection
3 Land Law in Vietnam and Its Implications in the Case of Duong Noi
3.1 An Analysis of Current Land Law in Vietnam
3.2 The Implications of Land Law in the Case of Duong Noi
4 Conditions for Resistance in Duong Noi
5 Farmers’ Resistance Strategies: Lawful Resistance and Beyond
5.1 Peaceful Forms of Resistance
5.2 Contesting Resistance: Challenging the Current Values and Laws
6 Remaining Agricultural Land Claim as Rights Claim: Citizenship Rights
7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Philanthropy in Việt Nam: A Field Study
1 Introduction
2 The Philanthropy Community and Space in Việt Nam
2.1 Some Salient Features, Strengths, and Limitations of Philanthropy Actors and Stakeholders in Việt Nam
2.2 The Question Arises as to Whether the Philanthropy Community and Space in Việt Nam Can Be Considered an Ecosystem?
3 Emerging Trends in Philanthropy in Việt Nam
3.1 Factors Stimulating Change in and Evolution of the PE in Việt Nam
3.2 What Main Trends Are Emerging in the PE in Việt Nam?
4 Conclusion
Appendix
Case Profile 1
Entrepreneur Phạm Văn Bên and Cỏ May Student Hall
An Entrepreneur with a Philanthropist’s Vision
A Philanthropic Model Unique in Building and Operation
Some Cỏ May Philanthropy Highlights
Case Profile 2
KOTO Social Enterprise and Foundation
From “Giving the Fish” to “Giving the Fishing Rod” and “Teaching How to Fish”
KOTO’s Training Culture: Building Self-esteem and Community Values
Next Step for Achieving Sustainability
Case Profile 3
Sống Foundation for Support and Development of Sustainable Living Community and Flood-Resilient Housing Program
Practical Values of the Nhà Chống Lũ/Flood-Resilient Housing Program
Chapter 9: Income-Based Social Stratification in Vietnam, 1998–2018
1 Introduction
2 Data and Methodology
3 Literature Review
4 Findings
5 Conclusion
References
Part III: Vietnam in the Regional and Global Settings
Chapter 10: Vietnam’s WTO Accession and the Pathway to a Global Playing Field: A Critical Perspective
1 Introduction
2 Our Theoretical Framework
2.1 Interdependency in an Open Economy
2.2 The Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth Model
3 Database and Preliminary Estimations
3.1 Data Analysis
3.2 Estimation Results on the Long-Run Elasticities
4 Empirical Results
4.1 A Global Assessment
4.2 A more Detailed Analytical Breakdown
5 Conclusion
Appendix a Countries in each Vietnam’s Partner Group
Appendix B Data Sources and Definitions
References
Chapter 11: Illicit Border Trade in the Borderlands of Thailand and Lao PDR Under Trade Liberalization and AFTA
1 Introduction
2 Fieldwork Aspects
2.1 Study Sites
2.2 Research Methodologies
3 Conditions of Illicit Border Trade in the Borderlands of Thai-Lao PDR
4 Interaction and Cooperation Between Licit and Illicit Border Traders in the Thai-Lao PDR Borderlands
5 Significance of Illicit Border Trade for Local Economy and Livelihoods of Borderlanders
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Challenging the Concept of “China-World”
References
Part IV: Stakes and Uncertainty in a Globalised World
Chapter 13: Vietnam’s Mode of Development in the Face of Climate Change
1 Introduction
2 An Environmental “Doi Moi”?
2.1 A Successful Structural Transformation
2.2 But Benign Neglect of Environmental Degradation
2.3 The Missing Environmental Doi Moi
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Deforestation
Food Security
3 The Emergence of the Climate Question in Vietnam
3.1 Climate Change as a Driver of Vietnam’s Global Integration
3.2 The Remaining Climate Policy Gap
Temperature
Rainfall
Sea-Level Rise
Extreme Events
4 After COP26, the Real Ecological Turning Point in Vietnam’s Development Path?
4.1 Dire Prospects in the Business-as-usual Scenario
4.2 A Real Ecological Turning Point: Prospects and Difficulties
References
Chapter 14: From Global to National: Manufacturing Strategies in the US, China, Germany and Japan in Comparative Perspective
1 Introduction
2 Approaching National Manufacturing Strategies: The Analytical Framework
2.1 The Varieties of Capitalism Approach
2.2 The Developmental State Approach
3 Comparing National Manufacturing Strategies: The US, Germany, Japan and China
3.1 Comparing the Strategy Plan and Design
3.2 Comparing the Strategy Governance and Implementation Mechanisms
3.3 Comparing the Strategies’ Institutional Complementarities
4 Concluding Discussion
References
Chapter 15: Time for Another Kind of Globalization: Challenges for Theory and Proposals
1 The Common Core of Heterodox Economics and the Need for Debate
2 Novelties Within Today’s Reality: Needs and Elements for a New Common Core
3 Some Words About Marx’ Radical Legacy for Developing a Common Positive Heterodoxy: The Central Debate on “Regulation” of the System
4 A New World: Problems and Characteristics—Going Beyond Marx, Keynes and Schumpeter
4.1 The Informational Revolution, Capitalism and MNEs
4.2 The Opening of a Long-Run Kondratiev Difficulties Phase in the Early 1970s
4.3 Wrong Answers to Financial Crisis: “More”, Rather than “What Kind”, of Public Intervention
4.4 Toward a New Phase of Globalization: Imperialism, Neocolonialism and the Dollar Called into Question
5 The Task Before Us
6 Transforming Globalization—Guiding Lines of Alternatives
6.1 Principles
6.2 Financial Globalization and MNEs: Toward a New Theory
6.3 For a New Kind of International Economic Treaties
6.4 Money Creation, Central Banks, the Dollar
6.5 The US Dollar
7 Going Beyond the Tradition to Cope with the New Coming Crisis
8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Epilogue: The Lessons from Covid-19 Management in Vietnam and Post-pandemic Prospects
1 Introduction
2 Covid-19 Outcomes in Vietnam—Overview of a Surprising Success
3 The Sources of Vietnam’s Strengths During Covid-19 (Phase 1)
4 Vietnam at the Heart of Reinforced Multilateralism in East Asia (RCEP)
5 Tensions Between Health Outcomes and the Model of Global Economic Integration in 2021
6 Conclusion and Implications
References
Index