This volume focuses on the implementation of the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL approach), designed to foster the integration of heritage management in regional and urban planning and management, and strengthen the role of heritage in sustainable urban development.
Earlier publications and research looked at the underlying theory of why the HUL approach was needed and how this theory was developed and elaborated by UNESCO. A comprehensive analysis was carried out in consultation with a multitude of actors in the twenty-first-century urban scene and with disciplinary approaches that are available to heritage managers and practitioners to implement the HUL approach.
This volume aims to be empirical, describing, analyzing, and comparing 28 cities taken as case studies to implement the HUL approach. From those cases, many lessons can be learned and much guidance shared on best practices concerning what can be done to make the HUL approach work.
Whereas the previous studies served to illustrate issues and challenges, in this volume the studies point to innovations in regional and urban planning and management that can allow cities to avoid major conflicts and to further develop in competitiveness. These accomplishments have been possible by building partnerships, devising financial strategies, and using heritage as a key resource in sustainable urban development, to name but a few effective strategies.
For these reasons, this volume is primarily pragmatic, linked to the daily work and challenges of practitioners and administrators, using specific cases to assess what was and is good about current practices and what can be improved, in accordance with the HUL approach and aims.
Author(s): Ana Pereira Roders, Francesco Bandarin
Series: Creativity, Heritage and the City, 2
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2019
Language: English
Pages: 608
City: Cham
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
The Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Action: Charting the 28 Case Studies
About the Editors
Acronyms
Part I: Overview
Chapter 1: Reshaping Urban Conservation
1.1 Culture and the New Urban Conservation Paradigm
1.2 The Historic Urban Landscape: A Bottom-Up Approach to Urban Conservation
1.3 The Reasons for a New Urban Conservation Approach
1.4 Historic Urban Landscape: From Material to Social Expression
1.5 Urban Conservation and Sustainable Development
1.6 The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the New Urban Agenda
1.7 The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the International Policy Framework
References
Chapter 2: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Action: Eight Years Later
2.1 From Reality to Theory
2.2 From Theory to Supranational Governance
2.3 From Supranational Governance to Practices
2.4 From Practices to Theory
2.4.1 The Six-Step HUL Approach
2.4.2 The Tools
2.4.2.1 HUL Tools
2.4.3 The Stakeholders
2.4.3.1 Types of Stakeholders
2.5 From Theory to Reality
References
Part II: Case Studies on the Historic Urban Landscape Approach
Chapter 3: Rebuilding and Reconciliation in Old Aleppo: The Historic Urban Landscape Perspectives
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Aleppo World Heritage Site: A Brief History
3.3 World Heritage Designation Values
3.4 Destruction of Aleppo
3.5 Heritage Policy Documents
3.6 Old Aleppo as a Historic Urban Landscape Site
3.6.1 Old Aleppo and the Values of Heritage
3.6.1.1 Outstanding Universal Value
3.6.1.2 Authenticity and Integrity Values
3.6.1.3 Cultural and Social Values
3.6.1.4 Intangible Heritage and Values
3.6.1.5 Historic and Identity Values
3.6.1.6 Economic Values
3.7 Applying the Recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape: Post-conflict Reconciliation
3.7.1 Zone X1
3.7.2 Zone X2
3.7.3 Zone X3
3.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Amaravathi Heritage Town – Reflections on the Historic Cultural Landscape Approach
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Conceptual Framework
4.3 Amaravathi Heritage Town
4.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Toward a Special Management and Protection Plan of Urban Heritage in Ambalema, Colombia
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Special Management and Protection Plan (PEMP): Beyond Managing “Historic City Centers”
5.3 Ambalema’s Landscape: Between the River and the Snow Peaks
5.4 Identifying Heritage Values: A Holistic and Participative Within the HUL Framework
5.4.1 Citizen Engagement Strategy
5.4.2 Team Composition and Assessing Ambalema’s Heritage Values and Resources
5.4.3 Processing and Analyzing Information
5.5 Assessing the Vulnerability Status of Urban Heritage Values
5.5.1 Problem Tree Analysis for Ambalema
5.5.2 Identifying the Central Problem
5.6 Developing Policies and Actions
5.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Integrating Policy: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Amsterdam
6.1 Introduction: HUL as a Landscape Approach
6.2 Analysing Policy Practices: An Approach
6.3 HUL: Process in Practice, Practice in Process
6.4 The Heritage Concept in Practice
6.5 Participation in Heritage
6.6 HUL and the Integration of Urban and Heritage Policies
6.7 Reflecting On, and Learning With
References
Chapter 7: The Transformational Power of the HUL Approach: Lessons from Ballarat, Australia, 2012–2017
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Heritage Practice in Australia
7.1.2 Heritage Practice in Ballarat
7.2 Transforming Practice in Ballarat
7.2.1 Starting to Work with HUL
7.2.2 Actioning the HUL
7.2.2.1 Step 1: A New World of Knowledge
7.2.2.2 Step 2: Inclusion, Collaboration and Participation
7.2.2.3 Step 3: Sustainability and Vulnerability
7.2.2.4 Step 4: The Virtuous Cycle – Framework for City Development
7.2.2.5 Step 5: Setting Priorities
7.2.2.6 Step 6: Working with Partners, Building Capacity
7.3 Reflections on Building a New Practice Model
References
Chapter 8: Managing Urban Heterogeneity: A Budapest Case Study of Historical Urban Landscape
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Józsefváros, the Eighth District of Budapest
8.3 Applying the HUL Approach
8.4 Contemporary Urban and Architectural Interventions
8.4.1 Palace Quarter
8.4.2 The Magdolna Quarter
8.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Bukhara: A Living Central Asian Silk Roads City. Application of the Historic Urban Landscape Approach
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Bukhara as World Heritage
9.2.1 Current Issues and Challenges
9.3 The Historic Urban Landscape Process
9.3.1 HUL Applied in Bukhara
9.3.2 Development Defined
9.4 Economic Assessment
9.5 Conservation Approach
9.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: City as Evolving Process: Case for the Historic Urban Landscape Approach for Canberra
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Canberra Context
10.3 Governance
10.4 Why Canberra Needs and Deserves the HUL Approach
10.4.1 Manuka Oval, Griffith (Fig. 10.4 site A)
10.4.2 City to the Lake (Fig. 10.4 site B)
10.4.3 Northbourne Avenue Corridor (Fig. 10.4 site C)
10.5 National Heritage Listing
10.6 The HUL Approach
10.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: The HUL Approach to Create Heritage Management Tools in the Latin American City of Cuenca-Ecuador
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The HUL Approach in Practice
11.3 Learning and Reflections
11.4 Project Impact: Social, Governmental and Research Impact
11.5 Current State and Future Directions
References
Chapter 12: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Edinburgh’s Old and New Towns: Implementation of Projects on the Ground in a Living Capital City
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Evolution of the Approach in Edinburgh
12.3 Edinburgh World Heritage’s Approach
12.4 The Conservation Funding Programme
12.5 World Heritage Projects Programme
12.6 Learning Programmes
12.7 Energy Efficiency
12.8 Future Directions
12.9 Further Strengths and Weaknesses
References
Chapter 13: Havana: From the Walled City to a Historic Urban Landscape
13.1 The City and Its History
13.2 The Beginning of the Project, 1981–1993
13.3 The New Management Model
13.3.1 1994–1999: Heritage: A Cultural Asset Turned into an Economic Resource
13.3.2 2000–2004: Focusing on Social Affairs
13.3.3 2005–2009: Reflecting on the Practice
13.3.4 2010–2014: New Instruments and Stakeholders
13.4 The New Scene
13.4.1 A New Vision for the Heritage Site
13.4.2 New Territory, New Urban Approach
13.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: The Implementation of the Historic Urban Landscape of the Island of Mozambique
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Geographical, Historical, and Urban Setting
14.2.1 Geographical Setting
14.2.2 Archaeological and Historical Background
14.2.3 Urban Expansion
14.3 Island of Mozambique: World Heritage
14.3.1 The UNESCO Listing
14.3.2 Measures Following the Listing
14.3.3 The 2007 Action Plan
14.4 Historic Urban Landscape Approach
14.4.1 Application of HUL to the Island of Mozambique
14.4.2 A New Heritage Management Plan
14.4.3 Learning from the Application of the HUL
14.4.3.1 Lesson 1
14.4.3.2 Lesson 2
14.4.3.3 Lesson 3
14.5 Partnerships on Conservation
14.5.1 Public-Private Partnership
14.5.2 Coordination Between Local Stakeholders and UNESCO
14.5.3 Partnerships Between National and Foreign Institutions for Technical Assistance
14.5.4 The Role of the Private Sector
14.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Further Readings
Chapter 15: Urban Heritage Conservation and Management in Jaipur
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Historic and Geographic Context
15.3 Planning of the City
15.4 Walled City as a Living Heritage
15.5 Protection and Management Initiatives
15.5.1 Urban Renewal for Walled City of Jaipur (2009–2014)
15.5.2 Revitalization of Heritage Walk
15.5.3 The Built Heritage Management Plan, Jaipur (2007)
15.5.4 Jaipur Master Plan 2025
15.5.5 Architectural Control Guidelines for the Walled City
15.5.6 Jantar Mantar Management Plan (2010)
15.5.7 Jaipur Smart City Plan 2016
15.6 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 16: Roadmap for Implementation of the HUL Approach in Kuwait City
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Case Study Description
16.2.1 Layers of the City
16.2.2 Cultural Heritage
16.2.3 Management of Change
16.3 Challenges for the HUL Approach
16.3.1 Urban Planning
16.3.2 New Development
16.3.3 Unfamiliar Terminology
16.4 Opportunities for the HUL Approach
16.4.1 Compatible Contemporary Interventions
16.4.2 Theoretical Model and HUL Toolkit
16.4.3 Six-Step HUL Action Plan
16.5 Conclusion
References
Further Readings
Chapter 17: Case Study: Lamu Old Town
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Background
17.1.2 Conservation of the Town
17.1.3 Current Urban Functions and Problems Encountered in Implementing the Urban Scheme
17.2 Identifying Development Challenges in Lamu and Previous Intervention Strategies
17.2.1 Recommendations of the Intergovernmental Working Party
17.2.2 Lamu Workshop: Conservation of Historic Towns and Monuments
17.2.3 Previous Intervention Strategies
17.3 Lamu and the Historic Urban Landscape Approach
17.3.1 Post Lamu HUL Workshop: Mapping Exercise
17.4 Implications of HUL Application and Integrating the Approach
17.4.1 Integrating HUL into Planning and Development Processes of the Lamu County Spacial Plan
17.4.2 Upgrading of Social Infrastructure
17.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18: Conservation and Exploitation: Governance and Sustainability Issues: The Case of Lijiang
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Preservation vs Exploitation and the Issue of Governance
18.3 Lijiang Case (Or Cases)
18.3.1 Conservation and Exploitation in Dayan
18.3.2 Outsourcing to a Private Developer: Conservation and Exploitation in Shuhe
18.4 Discussion
18.5 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 19: Managing the Global Heritage City of Mexico City: Adapting the HUL Approach to the Globalised Urban Context
19.1 Introduction: Global Heritage Cities
19.2 Mexico City in Context: Complexities, Framework and Governance
19.2.1 The Site
19.2.2 Planning and Legislative Frameworks
19.2.3 Governance and Decision-Making
19.3 Normative Tools for HUL Adaptation
19.3.1 The Integral Management Plan
19.3.2 The Partnership Models, Community Engagement and Consensus Building
19.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: At the Confluence of Geography, Society and History: Montreal and the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape
20.1 Introduction
20.2 The Case of Montreal
20.3 Some Pre-2011 HUL Occurrences in Montreal
20.4 1984: Protected Views or Cultural Landscape?
20.5 1992: The Plan d’urbanisme and the Form of the City
20.6 1995: Heritage and the Metropolitan Landscape
20.7 2006: Vienna Memorandum
20.8 Specific Mentions of the 2011 UNESCO Recommendations in Montreal
20.9 Mont Royal: La Montagne
20.10 Conclusion
Note on the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation and the 2017 situation in Montreal
Chapter 21: Urban Heritage Conservation in the Historic Site of Olinda, Brazil: 1968–2016
21.1 Introduction
21.2 The Occupation of the City and the Historic Site
21.3 The Conservation Planning and Management System
21.3.1 The Formation: 1968–1988
21.3.2 The Transition: 1989–1996
21.3.3 The Master Plans, Urban Development Projects, and the Incentive to Culture: 1997–2016
21.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 22: Revitalizing Urban Parks to Uplift a Rust Belt City: HUL Applied to Pittsburgh, PA, USA
22.1 Introduction
22.1.1 HUL Urban Public Space Context
22.2 Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy
22.3 PPC HUL Civic Engagement Application
22.4 PPC HUL Knowledge and Planning Application
22.5 PPC HUL Regulatory Systems Application
22.6 PPC HUL Financial Tools Application
22.7 PPC and Partners Applying HUL Tools Towards Urban Sustainability
References
Chapter 23: Perspectives for a Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Porto, Portugal
23.1 Introduction
23.2 The Case Study of Porto
23.2.1 Porto: A Metropolitan Area, a City and a WH Historic Centre
23.2.2 A Mosaic Management
23.3 Methodology
23.4 Perspectives on the Implementation of HUL Steps in Porto
23.4.1 Understanding the Context
23.4.1.1 Mapping Natural, Cultural and Human Resources
23.4.1.2 Reach Consensus on What to Protect: Values and Attributes
23.4.1.3 Assess Vulnerability to Change and Development
23.4.2 Integration in the Wider Urban Framework
23.4.3 Managing Action
23.5 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Chapter 24: Rabat, Morocco: Sustaining the Historic Urban Landscape of Rabat: Strategies and Implementation
24.1 Introduction
24.2 A City–Landscape Evolution: Historical Background
24.2.1 Almohad Period: The Genesis of a Capital
24.2.2 Marinid Period: Fragmentation and the Rise of Salé
24.2.3 Saadian Dynasty: Bouregreg’s Republic and the Rise of Oudaya
24.2.4 Alaouite Dynasty: Unification and Harmonization of Landscape
24.3 Colonial Period: A Shift of Urban Heritage Paradigm
24.4 Contemporary Rabat: Current Sustainable Strategies
24.4.1 Territorial Level
24.4.2 Urban Level
24.4.3 Sustainability Implementation
24.5 Applying the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape
24.6 Conclusion
Bibliography
Further Reading
Chapter 25: Heritage-Based Urban Development: The Example of Regensburg
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Survey and Mapping
25.3 Actions and Priorities
25.3.1 Field of Action: Tangible Cultural Heritage
25.3.2 Field of Action: Economic Development
25.3.3 Field of Action: Awareness Raising and Research
25.4 Civic Engagement Tools
25.4.1 Civic Participation Model of Regensburg
25.4.2 Expert Consultancy
25.4.3 Participation Practices
25.4.3.1 Site Management Plan and Citizen Participation
25.4.3.2 Civic Participation Practice in Field: Renovation of the Central Pedestrian Zone
25.4.3.3 Specific Issue: Vulnerability Assessment
25.5 Networking
25.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 26: Enhancing Rural-Urban Linkages Through the Historic Urban Landscape Approach: The Case of Shuang Wan Cun in the Jiangsu Province
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Suzhou and Its Region: Historical Overview
26.2.1 Industrial Innovation and Urban Conservation
26.2.2 Suzhou Peri-urbanity: Diversity and Dynamics
26.2.3 Peri-urbanity: Challenges and Opportunities
26.3 Report from Shuang Wan Cun Case Study
26.4 Discussion and Conclusion
References
Chapter 27: Actual and Intangible in Tel Aviv: A Reexamination of Conservation Strategies in a Modern City
27.1 Introduction
27.2 White City: A Modern City
27.3 The Dialects of Tangible and Intangible
27.4 The White City Center at Liebling House
27.4.1 Research
27.4.2 Culture
27.4.3 Education
27.4.4 Site Management
27.5 Case Studies
27.6 Summary and Conclusion
References
Chapter 28: The Circular Economy as a Model to Implement the Historic Urban Landscape Approach: Which Integrated Evaluation Method?
28.1 Introduction
28.2 The Heritage Impact Assessment to Evaluate the Torre Annunziata Waterfront Requalification Project
28.2.1 The Case Study
28.2.2 Heritage Impact Assessment and the Participative Method
28.3 The Circular Economy as a Tool to Implement the HUL Approach
28.3.1 A Circular Project for the Requalification of Torre Annunziata Waterfront
28.4 Conclusion and Recommendation
References
Chapter 29: Operationalizing the HUL Recommendation in Urban River Corridors: Challenges and Perspectives
29.1 Introduction
29.2 River Corridors as Historic Urban Landscapes
29.3 Methodology
29.4 Study Area
29.5 A Double-Lens Approach to HUL Documentation
29.5.1 A Combined Morphological/Ecological Approach
29.5.2 Cultural Values Associated with Urban River Corridors
29.6 Urban Heritage Policies and Management
29.7 A SWOT Analysis for HUL Operationalization
29.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 30: Zanzibar: The HUL Approach Explored
30.1 The Islands of Zanzibar: Background
30.2 World Heritage and the Evolving Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation
30.3 The New Zanzibar Planning Process and the HUL Approach
30.4 Applying the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape: Integrative Development Strategies
30.5 Lessons from Zanzibar and the Way Forward
References
Case Study Boxes: Full Text
1. Applying the Recommendations on Historic Urban Landscape: Post-conflict Reconciliation in Old Aleppo
2. Understanding to What Extent the HUL Approach Is Present in Amsterdam’s Local Urban and Heritage Policies
3. Overarching Urban Planning Guidelines for the Historic Perimeter of Asmara
4. Historic Urban Landscape: Ballarat
5. Centro Cultural Kirchner (CCK)
6. Mapping the Historic Centre of Bukhara
7. HUL in Historic Cairo: A Potential Community Initiative
8. Reassessment of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of the City of Cuenca Based on Strategies for Sustainable Development Supported by the Recommendation on Historical Urban Landscape
9. Mapping Economic Landscape for the UNESCO World Heritage City Old Towns of Djenné
10. Sense of Place: Toward Integrated Conservation and Sustainable Urban
11. University of Pennsylvania Planning Praxis Course: How Do the HUL, Sustainable Development Goals, and New Urban Agenda Fit into a Local Planning Framework
12. Urban Rehabilitation of the Historic Centre of Havana, World Heritage Site
13. Living Human Treasures of Grand Bazaar: Istanbul Jewelry Making as an Intangible Urban Activity
14. Jaipur Built Heritage Management Plan and Urban Conservation Projects
15. The Revitalization of the Historic City of Jeddah
16. olomna: Cultural Memory as a Resource for Developing a Historic City
17. Possible Project: HUL+KMP4
18. Integrating HUL into the Conservation and Development Processes of the Lamu Old Town
19. Not a Formal Project on HUL: Simply Practices Associated with the Management of the UNESCO Site of Lijiang, China (Listed in 1997)
20. Urban Heritage of the Mediterranean: Interdisciplinary Methodologies for the Characterization of the Infrastructural Axis of the Andalusian Littoral and Its Synergies with HUL Recommendations
21. Mexico City Historic Center Recovery and Rehabilitation Programs
22. Mudurnu Cultural Heritage Site Management Plan: Phase I
23. Adopting HUL Toolkits in Muharraq: The Bahrain Authority for Culture and Archeology (BACA)
24. Preservation and Conservation of the Historic Site of Olinda
25. Porto Municipal Master Plan (PDM)
26. Historic Preservation Toolkit
27. Preparatory Assistance and Technical Support for the Inscription, Conservation and Management of the Île De Saint-Louis, Senegal
28. Scenarios for Sustainable Rural Development in Shuang Wan Cun, Wujiang District, Suzhou
29. Reconstruction of World Heritage Mausoleums of Timbuktu
30. Pompeii Great Project: The Buffer Zone Regeneration
31. Technical Cooperation for the Enhancement, Development, and Protection of the Town of Luang Prabang, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
32. Project Proposal: The Revitalization of the Abu Ali River
Index
