Reproductive biology and phylogeny of Cetacea: whales, dolphins, and porpoises

Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Cetacea:—Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Preface to the Series......Page 6
Preface to this Volume......Page 8
Contents......Page 12
1.1 Introduction......Page 14
1.2 Myths, Legends and Other Stories on Cetaceans......Page 15
1.3 Cetacean Hunting......Page 30
1.4 The Natural History......Page 38
1.5 Acknowledgments......Page 44
1.6 Literature Cited......Page 45
2.1 Introduction......Page 48
2.2 Stratigraphical and Geographical Distribution......Page 49
2.3 The Ancestors of Whales......Page 50
2.4 Time of Origin......Page 54
2.5 Classification......Page 56
2.6 Diversification in the Past......Page 61
2.7 Evolution and Environmental Changes......Page 85
2.9 Acknowledgments......Page 94
2.10 Literature Cited......Page 95
3.1 Introduction......Page 108
3.2 Systematic Position of Cetacea Among Mammals......Page 113
3.3 Major Lineages Among Cetacea......Page 120
3.4 Intra-Mysticeti Relationships......Page 125
3.5 Inter-Familial and Intra-Familial Relationships Among Odontoceti......Page 128
3.7 Literature Cited......Page 133
4.1 Introduction......Page 140
4.2 Cetaceans Reproductive Morphology......Page 142
4.3 Reproductive Vascular Structures......Page 148
4.4 Function of the Reproductive CCHE......Page 153
4.5 Conclusions......Page 154
4.7 Literature Cited......Page 155
5.2 Clitoris, Vagina, Vaginal Folds......Page 160
5.3 Vaginal Mucus......Page 161
5.5 Cervix......Page 163
5.6 Uterus and Oviducts......Page 164
5.7 Ovaries, Follicles, Corpora Lutea, Corpora Albicantia, Corpora Atretica......Page 167
5.8 Ovarian Symmetry......Page 174
5.9 Mammary Glands......Page 175
5.11 Literature Cited......Page 177
6.1 Introduction......Page 184
6.2 Female Endocrinology......Page 185
6.3 Male Endocrinology......Page 192
6.4 Environmental Impacts on Reproduction......Page 199
6.5 Acknowledgments......Page 200
6.6 Literature Cited......Page 201
7.1 Ovary......Page 206
7.2 Oogenesis......Page 210
7.3 Ovarian Cycles......Page 219
7.5 Literature Cited......Page 223
8.1 Introduction......Page 228
8.3 Spermatogenesis and Attainment of Sexual Maturity (ASM)......Page 229
8.4 Testicular Cycles......Page 235
8.5 Male Mating Strategy......Page 240
8.7 Literature Cited......Page 250
9.1 Introduction......Page 258
9.2 Structure of Mammalian Spermatozoa......Page 259
9.3 Cetacean Spermatozoal Dimensions......Page 270
9.4 Cetacean Spermatozoal Morphology by Species......Page 276
9.5 Cryopreservation Effects on Spermatozoal Morphology......Page 288
9.8 Literature Cited......Page 291
10.2 Spermatozoa......Page 294
10.3 In Vitro Fertilization......Page 299
10.4 In Vitro Culture of Embryos......Page 300
10.5 Assisted Reproductive Technologies......Page 303
10.6 Acknowledgments......Page 314
10.7 Literature Cited......Page 315
11.1 Introduction......Page 320
11.2 Methods......Page 321
11.3 Description of Embryonic and Fetal Stages......Page 326
11.6 Literature Cited......Page 336
12.1 Introduction......Page 344
12.2 Macroscopic Description......Page 345
12.3 Microscopic Description......Page 352
12.4 Ultrastructural Description......Page 356
12.7 Literature Cited......Page 360
13.1 Introduction......Page 362
13.2 Male Mating Strategies......Page 364
13.4 Courtship and Hybridization......Page 375
13.5 Conclusion......Page 376
13.6 Literature Cited......Page 377
14.2 Life History and Density Dependence......Page 384
14.3 Reproductive Senescence......Page 388
14.4 Effects of Disease......Page 389
14.5 Effects of Contaminants and Toxins......Page 393
14.6 Discussion and Recommendations......Page 396
14.8 Literature Cited......Page 397
15.1 Introduction......Page 404
15.2 Population Genetic Studies of Marine Mammals......Page 408
15.3 Future Challenges......Page 419
15.5 Literature Cited......Page 421
Index......Page 430