Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Boxes......Page 16
Preface......Page 18
Abbreviations......Page 22
Part I Introduction: developing a regional approach to global security......Page 29
Introduction......Page 31
Three theoretical perspectives on the post-Cold War security order......Page 34
A brief modern history of regional security......Page 42
History and diversity: the different state legacies of regional security complexes......Page 48
Conclusions......Page 54
The how and why of distinguishing the regional from the global level......Page 55
The problem of polarity post-Cold War......Page 58
Conclusions......Page 65
3 Security complexes: a theory of regional security......Page 68
Security at the regional level......Page 71
Regional security complex theory: main variables......Page 73
Descriptive RSCT: a matrix for area studies......Page 79
Types of security complex......Page 81
Explaining the absence of RSCs......Page 89
Predictive RSCT: scenarios......Page 93
Revised RSCT: constructivist method and the wider agenda of securitisation studies......Page 98
Place in the literature......Page 105
The nature of (this) theory......Page 111
The structure of the book......Page 116
Part II Asia......Page 119
Introduction......Page 121
The South Asian RSC during the Cold War: decolonisation to conflict formation......Page 129
Post-Cold War: continuity or transformation?......Page 133
The case for continuity......Page 134
The case for transformation......Page 143
Conclusions......Page 152
5 Northeast and Southeast Asian RSCs during the Cold War......Page 156
The domestic level......Page 157
Northeast Asia......Page 158
Southeast Asia......Page 161
The interregional level......Page 164
The global level and East Asia......Page 166
Conclusions......Page 170
6 The 1990s and beyond: an emergent East Asian complex......Page 172
The domestic level......Page 173
Northeast Asia......Page 180
Southeast Asia......Page 182
The regional level......Page 183
The interregional level: an expanding supercomplex......Page 192
The global level......Page 194
Conclusions......Page 198
Conclusions: scenarios for the Asian supercomplex......Page 200
Conflict formation......Page 202
Security regime......Page 203
Part III The Middle East and Africa......Page 211
Introduction......Page 213
The regional level......Page 215
The domestic level......Page 222
The global level......Page 225
The interregional level......Page 228
The post-Cold War peace process and its failure......Page 229
The Gulf......Page 231
Arab–Israel......Page 238
Maghreb......Page 241
Conclusions......Page 243
Introduction......Page 247
The domestic level......Page 252
The nonstatist African state......Page 253
Nonstate rivals to the African state......Page 255
The regional level......Page 257
Southern Africa......Page 261
West Africa......Page 266
Horn......Page 269
East and Central Africa......Page 271
Conclusions on the regional level......Page 275
The interregional level......Page 276
The global level......Page 277
Conclusions......Page 280
Africa......Page 282
The Middle East......Page 284
Interplay between the Middle East and Africa......Page 286
Part IV The Americas......Page 289
Introduction......Page 291
Introduction......Page 296
Early American security history (1585–1870)......Page 298
Establishing the basic pattern of North American interstate relations (US–Mexican and US–Canadian relations 1848–1990)......Page 302
Central America and the Caribbean......Page 304
A global power emerges – continental expansion, Pacific imperialism, and European world wars......Page 309
Global level......Page 311
Regional, subregional, and interregional levels......Page 312
Domestic level......Page 315
Central America......Page 316
The Caribbean......Page 318
Canada and Mexico......Page 319
The United States......Page 322
Conclusions......Page 329
10 South America: an under-conflictual anomaly?......Page 332
The origins and character of the RSC......Page 333
Domestic level......Page 339
Regional level – and subcomplexes......Page 341
Interregional and global levels......Page 346
Domestic level......Page 348
Regional level and subcomplexes......Page 350
Interregional and global level......Page 361
Conclusions......Page 365
Conclusions: scenario for the RSCs of the Americas......Page 368
Part V The Europes......Page 369
Introduction......Page 371
Formation of the European RSC......Page 373
Operation of the RSC until 1989......Page 374
11 EU-Europe: the European Union and its ‘near abroad’......Page 380
European security during the Cold War......Page 381
Securitisations in post-Wall Europe: the EU core......Page 384
Securitisation in the eastern circles......Page 392
The outer circles of EU-Europe......Page 396
Regional institutions and traditional security......Page 398
EU-Europe’s global standing – self-securing? interregionally active? global power?......Page 400
Conclusions......Page 402
12 The Balkans and Turkey......Page 405
Emergence of the main Balkan units......Page 407
Security dynamics in Southeastern Europe after the dissolution of Yugoslavia......Page 412
Containment, intervention, and integration: the Balkans as Europe......Page 414
Turkey......Page 419
Regions in the foreign policy of modern Turkey......Page 420
Turkey after the Cold War......Page 421
Turkey challenging the concept of insulator......Page 422
Conclusions......Page 423
13 The post-Soviet space: a regional security complex around Russia......Page 425
History before 1991......Page 426
Domestic level......Page 431
Subregional and regional level......Page 436
Central Asia......Page 451
Interregional level......Page 457
The global level......Page 461
Conclusions......Page 463
Conclusions: scenarios for the European supercomplex......Page 465
Part VI Conclusions......Page 469
Introduction......Page 471
Introduction: the structure of international security......Page 473
Regions and powers: the outlook for RSCs......Page 476
Global level dynamics......Page 483
Starting assumptions: territoriality and the regional level of security analysis......Page 489
Comparing regions......Page 496
Where should the regions be placed on a spectrum from conflict formation through security regime to security community?......Page 499
What type of regions is one comparing: overlaid, unstructured, pre- and proto-complexes, or security complexes? And if RSCs…......Page 500
What is/are the dominant sector(s) driving the dynamics of (de)securitisation?......Page 504
How stable are the essential structures (anarchy, polarity, amity–enmity, boundaries) and dynamics that define the RSCs, and…......Page 505
What is the influence of history, particularly the legacy of state formation? Is there a historical pattern of development…......Page 507
The advantages of the regionalist approach to security......Page 508
Insulators and mini-complexes......Page 511
Applying securitisation theory......Page 515
Glossary......Page 517
References......Page 521
News media......Page 569
Index of names......Page 571
General index......Page 574