Regenerated Organs: Future Perspectives

Title-page_2021_Regenerated-Organs
Regenerated Organs
Copyright_2021_Regenerated-Organs
Copyright
Contents_2021_Regenerated-Organs
Contents
List-of-contributors_2021_Regenerated-Organs
List of contributors
Preface_2021_Regenerated-Organs
Preface
Chapter-1---Tissue-and-organ-regeneration--An-introduc_2021_Regenerated-Orga
1 Tissue and organ regeneration: An introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Guided tissue regeneration
1.3 Stem cells in tissue regeneration
1.4 Conclusion and future perspective
References
Chapter-2---Tissue-repair-with-natural-extracellular-matr_2021_Regenerated-O
2 Tissue repair with natural extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds
2.1 Summary
2.2 Background
2.3 Small intestinal submucosa
2.4 Acellular dermis
2.5 Bladder acellular matrix
2.6 Amniotic membrane
2.7 Pericardium and fascia lata
2.8 ECM for repair of damaged muscle
2.9 Stem cells for skeletal muscle regeneration
2.10 3D bioprinting for organ regeneration
2.11 Nanosystem delivery of cellular mediators
2.12 Perspective
References
Chapter-3---Engineered-surfaces--A-plausible-alternative-in-ove_2021_Regener
3 Engineered surfaces: A plausible alternative in overviewing critical barriers for reconstructing modern therapeutics or b...
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Current status of medical devices and relative complications involved
3.3 Substrates deployed in biomedical applications
3.3.1 Polymeric membrane based substrates
3.3.1.1 Natural polymers
3.3.1.2 Synthetic biodegradable polymers
3.3.1.3 Non degradable polymers
3.3.2 Metallic substrates
3.3.3 Organoids
3.4 Types of surface modification techniques towards ligand specific activation
3.4.1 Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)
3.4.2 Polymer brushes
3.4.3 Layer-by-layer (LBL) multilayers
3.5 Surface engineering of polymeric substrates
3.5.1 Physical cues
3.5.2 Surface roughness and wettability
3.5.3 Surface stiffness
3.5.4 Chemical and biological cues
3.5.5 Peptides
3.5.6 Antibodies
3.5.7 Antifouling surfaces
3.5.8 Physiological cues
3.5.9 Topographical cues
3.6 Surface activation of metallic substrates
3.7 Engineering organoids
3.7.1 Engineering local matrix properties
3.7.2 Genetic engineering of organoids
3.8 The concept of engineered in vivo system (organ-on-chip devices)
3.8.1 Lung on a chip
3.8.2 Heart on a chip
3.8.3 Liver on a chip
3.8.4 Kidney on a chip
3.8.5 Brain on a chip
3.9 Engineered bactericidal systems – a modern paradigm to regenerative micro devices
3.9.1 Polymers
3.9.1.1 Passive antimicrobial polymers (microbial resistive polymers)
3.9.1.2 Active antimicrobial polymers (contact-active biocides)
3.9.2 Metals
3.9.3 Antibiotics
3.9.4 Antiseptics
3.9.5 Antimicrobial peptides
3.9.6 Antimicrobial surfaces
3.10 Future perspectives and challenges
References
Chapter-4---Strategies-of-3D-bioprinting-and-parameters-that-_2021_Regenerat
4 Strategies of 3D bioprinting and parameters that determine cell interaction with the scaffold - A review
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Types of bioprinting
4.2.1 Extrusion-based bioprinting
4.2.2 Inkjet bioprinting
4.2.3 Laser-assisted bioprinting (LAB)
4.2.4 Stereolithography and projection pattern bioprinting
4.3 Hydrogels for 3D bioprinting
4.3.1 Alginate
4.3.2 Collagen type I
4.3.3 Methacrylated gelatin
4.3.4 Fibrin
4.3.5 Polyethylene glycol
4.4 Properties of a bioink
4.5 Parameters that determines the cell responses on tissue engineered scaffold
4.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter-5---Multipotent-nature-of-dental-pulp-stem-cells-for-t_2021_Regenera
5 Multipotent nature of dental pulp stem cells for the regeneration of varied tissues – A personalized medicine approach
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Importance of DPSCs in personalized regenerative medicine
5.3 Usefulness of DPSCs in osteogenic regeneration therapy
5.4 DPSCs for the regeneration of neuronal tissues and central nervous system
5.5 Applicability of DPSCs as a stem cell source for the regeneration of myocardial and vascular tissues
5.6 Dental pulp stem cells as mediators of optic system regeneration
5.7 Regenerative therapeutic potential of DPSCs in diabetes
5.8 DPSCs as a therapeutic tool for the regeneration of cartilage and tendon
5.9 Future perspectives and conclusions
References
Chapter-6---Regenerating-the-heart--The-past--present---_2021_Regenerated-Or
6 Regenerating the heart: The past, present, & future
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Cardiomyocyte regenerative potential
6.3 Cell-based strategies
6.3.1 Non-cardiac cells
6.4 Cardiac stem cells
6.5 Pluripotent stem cells
6.6 Cell-free strategies
6.7 Growth factors
6.8 Exosomes & microRNA technology
6.9 Direct reprogramming
6.10 Endogenous repair & regeneration
6.11 The future
6.12 Conclusion
References
Chapter-7---Engineered-cardiac-tissue--Concepts-and-fu_2021_Regenerated-Orga
7 Engineered cardiac tissue: Concepts and future
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Cardiac ECM
7.3 Post-MI scarring
7.4 Cardiac tissue engineering
7.5 Biomaterials for CTE
7.6 Decellularized ECM
7.7 Tissue–biomaterial interaction
7.8 Functional modifications for CTE scaffolds
7.9 Bottlenecks and future
References
Chapter-8---Vascular-regeneration-and-tissue-engineering--Pr_2021_Regenerate
8 Vascular regeneration and tissue engineering: Progress, clinical impact, and future challenges
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Regenerative therapies
8.2.1 Gene therapy
8.2.2 Stem cell therapy
8.2.3 Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
8.2.3.1 Stem cells in tissue engineering
8.2.3.2 Scaffolds in tissue engineering
8.2.3.3 Three-dimensional (3D) printing and tissue engineering
8.2.3.4 Potential challenges and recent approaches for TEVGs
8.2.3.5 Simulation of an in vitro and in vivo environment
8.3 Conclusion and future directions
References
Chapter-9---Oral-tissue-regeneration--Current-status-and-_2021_Regenerated-O
9 Oral tissue regeneration: Current status and future perspectives
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Histology of oral tissues
9.3 Oral microbiology in health and diseases
9.4 Oral diseases, prevalence and management
9.4.1 Dental caries
9.4.2 Periodontal diseases
9.4.3 Craniofacial bone defect/anomalies
9.5 Oral mucosal lesions
9.6 Oral cancer
9.7 Oro-dental tissue engineering: a modern epoch in tooth management
9.8 Strategies adapted for periodontal tissue regeneration
9.9 ECM regeneration with ECM-based scaffolds
9.10 Biomaterial scaffolds for oro-dental tissue regeneration
9.11 Stem cell biology updates for oro-dental tissue regeneration
9.12 Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter-10---Regenerative-technologies-for-oral-struct_2021_Regenerated-Orga
10 Regenerative technologies for oral structures
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Classification of regenerative therapies
10.2 Embryology of oral structures
10.3 Regeneration of teeth
10.4 Regeneration of muscles/tongue
10.5 Regeneration of bone
10.6 Regeneration of TMJ
10.7 Regeneration of salivary glands
10.8 Microgravity
10.9 Ethical considerations
References
Chapter-11---State-of-the-art-strategies-and-future-interventi_2021_Regenera
11 State-of-the-art strategies and future interventions in bone and cartilage repair for personalized regenerative therapy
11.1 Introduction
11.2 State-of-the-art strategies for regeneration
11.2.1 3D bioprinting
11.2.1.1 Bioprinting for bone regeneration
11.2.1.2 Bioprinting for cartilage regeneration
11.2.1.3 Bioprinting for osteochondral regeneration
11.2.2 Gene therapy
11.2.2.1 Gene therapy for bone regeneration
11.2.2.2 Gene therapy for cartilage repair
11.2.2.3 Gene therapy for osteochondral interface regeneration
11.2.3 Nanotherapy
11.2.3.1 Nanotherapy for bone regeneration
11.2.3.2 Nanotherapy for cartilage repair
11.2.3.3 Nanotherapy for osteochondral tissue repair
11.2.4 Exosome based therapeutic strategies
11.2.5 Smart biomaterial technologies/tissue engineering strategies
11.2.5.1 Smart biomaterials in bone tissue engineering
11.2.5.2 Smart biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering
11.2.5.3 Smart biomaterials in osteochondral interface tissue engineering
11.3 Disease models
11.3.1 In vitro and in vivo models
11.3.2 3D spheroid model
11.3.3 Immune response and Immunomodulation
11.4 Graft substitutes
11.5 Clinical status
11.6 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter-12---Muscle-tissue-engineering---A-materials-pe_2021_Regenerated-Org
12 Muscle tissue engineering – A materials perspective
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Biocompatibility: tissue specificity
12.1.1.1 Cardiac muscle
12.1.1.2 Smooth muscle
12.1.1.3 Skeletal muscle
12.2 Bio-interfacing materials
12.2.1 Biocompatible polymers
12.2.1.1 Biological materials
12.2.1.2 Synthetic polymers
12.2.2 Electrically conductive polymers
12.2.3 Hydrogels and composite approaches
12.2.4 Biocompatible nanomaterials
12.2.4.1 Nanotubes and nanofibers
12.3 Engineering approaches (scaffolds)
12.3.1 Cardiac muscle tissue engineering scaffolding
12.3.2 Skeletal muscle engineering scaffolding
12.3.3 Cell models for in vitro muscle tissue engineering
12.4 Summary
12.5 Future perspective
References
Chapter-13---Recent-developments-and-new-potentials-for-n_2021_Regenerated-O
13 Recent developments and new potentials for neuroregeneration
13.1 Nervous system, neurodegeneration and regeneration – a nutshell
13.2 Strategies for neural regeneration and repair
13.2.1 Regenerative biomaterials
13.2.2 Neuroregenerative nanomedicine
13.2.3 Exosomes assisted neuroregeneration
13.2.4 3D bioprinting
13.3 Future perspectives
References
Chapter-14---Lung-disease-and-repair---Is-regeneration-_2021_Regenerated-Org
14 Lung disease and repair – Is regeneration the answer?
14.1 Embryonic development
14.2 Stem cells in the lung
14.3 Epithelial–mesenchymal interactions
14.4 Role of mechanical forces in lung architecture
14.5 Lung regeneration in disease
14.6 In vivo – Animal models
14.7 In vitro models
14.8 Lung-on-a chip (LOC) model
14.9 Three dimensional printing of the lung
14.10 Future perspectives latest 4D printing
Conflict of interest
References
Further reading
Chapter-15---3D-printing-in-regenerative-medicine_2021_Regenerated-Organs
15 3D printing in regenerative medicine
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 3D printers
15.1.2 Bioprinting
15.1.3 The 3D bioprinting process
15.1.4 Bioprinting: diminishing the organ transplant shortage
15.1.5 Bioprinted kidneys: what the future upholds
15.1.6 3D printing skin: where are we now?
15.1.7 Considerations for bio printing skin
15.1.8 Reconstructive surgery for burn treatment
15.1.9 3D printing as a disruptive technology in burn care
15.1.10 Skin bioprinting—in situ and in vitro
15.1.11 Stages of skin bioprinting
15.1.12 Bioink
15.1.13 Desired features of bio-ink
15.1.14 Technological challenges
15.1.15 Clinical, regulatory and ethical requirements
15.1.16 Start-ups in bio printing
15.1.17 Challenges of 3D printing
15.1.18 Improved technique of 3D printing viable human organs
15.2 Conclusions
References
Chapter-16---Role-of-umbilical-cord-stem-cells-in-tissue_2021_Regenerated-Or
16 Role of umbilical cord stem cells in tissue engineering
16.1 Umbilical cord and MSCs
16.2 Transplantation biology of UCMSCs: biomaterials, differentiation and regeneration
16.3 Concerns and perspective
References
Index_2021_Regenerated-Organs
Index