This innovative book applies contemporary and emergent theories of identity formation to timely questions of identity re/formation and development in immigrant families across diverse ethnicities and age groups. Researchers from across the globe examine the ways in which immigrants from Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America dynamically adjust, adapt, and resist aspects of their identities in their host countries as a form of resilience. The book provides a multidisciplinary approach to studying the multidimensional complexities of identity development and immigration and offers critical insights on the experiences of immigrant families.
Key areas of coverage include:
Factors that affect identity formation, readjustment, and maintenance, including individual differences and social environments.
Influences of intersecting immigrant ecologies such as family, community, and complex multidimensions of culture on identity development.
Current identity theories and their effectiveness at addressing issues of ethnicity, culture, and immigration.
Research challenges to studying various forms of identity.
Re/Formation and Identity: The Intersectionality of Development, Culture, and Immigration is an essential resource for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians, professionals, and policymakers in the fields of developmental, social, and cross-cultural psychology, parenting and family studies, social work, and all interrelated disciplines.
Author(s): Deborah J. Johnson, Susan S. Chuang, Jenny Glozman
Series: Advances in Immigrant Family Research
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 407
City: Cham
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Editors
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Identity Formation and Re-Formation: Resistance, Growth, and Emerging Pathways for Immigrant Youth and their Families
Social Historical Context
Recent Demographic Patterns: Canada and the USA
Racial and Ethnic Identity
Acculturation, Assimilation, and Identity
Learning from the Identity Framework
The Organization and Content of this Volume
Acculturation, Multidimensional Identity, and Family Socialization Processes
Language, Language Role Identity, and Literacy
Transnational Place and Identity: Resistant Re/Formation
Identity as a Protective Factor: Coping with Depression, Distress, and Adjustment Stress
Positive Youth and Emerging Adult Development
Conclusion
References
Part I: Acculturation, Multidimensional Identity, and Family Socialization Processes
Chapter 2: A Model of the Multidimensional Acculturation of Russian-Speaking Immigrant Youth in Canada
Acculturation
Unidimensional Acculturation
Bidimensional Acculturation
Tridimensional Acculturation
Identity and Belonging
Identity Development
Sense of Belonging
Russian-Speaking Immigrants
The Current Study
Method
Participants
Procedures
Results
Choosing Identities
Expressing Identities
Fitting in the Social World
Navigating the Context
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: “We Keep the Traditions Going”: Intergenerational Transmission of Cultural Identities Among Asian Indian Multigenerational Households
Pattern of Immigration among Asian Indians in the United States
Conceptual Framework
Life Course Perspective
Racial and Ethnic Identity Development
Method
Participants
Interview Structure
Data Analysis
Results
Transmission of Cultural Identity through Intergenerational Caregiving
The Role of Grandparents in Inculcating Cultural Identity
Discussion
Implications for Research and Policy
References
Chapter 4: Multidimensional Acculturation and Identity Re-Formation Processes Among South Sudanese Refugee as Emerging Adults in the United States
Psychosocial Context of South Sudanese Refugees in the U.S.
Quasi-longitudinal Qualitative Study
Participants
Interviews
Modified Grounded Theory Approach
Data Analysis
Results
Acculturation Processes: Exploration, Commitment, Internalization, Retainment, and Coping
Exploration: Facing Cultural Differences, Exploring Diverse Cultures, and Gaining a Multicultural Perspective
Commitment: Seeking the American Dream to Help Others
Internalization of Ethnicity and Race: Evaluating African Ethnicity and Integrating African American Misidentification Based on Skin Color
Retainment: Maintaining the South Sudanese National Identity and Culture
Coping with Racism
Identity Re-Formation Associated with Multidimensional Acculturation: Bicultural to Quad-cultural
Discussion
Limitations
Implications
Conclusions
Appendix
References
Chapter 5: Family Engagement and Identity Development Among Immigrant-Origin Latinx Emerging Adults
Emerging into Adulthood for Latinx Immigrant-Origin Undergraduate Adults
Multiple Identities of Immigrant-Origin Emerging Adults
Hyphenated Selves Framework
Family Engagement Among Immigrant-Origin Emerging Adults
Latinx Emerging Adults’ Identity Development Within the Family Context
The Present Study
Method
Participants and Procedures
Methodological Approach
Patterns of Family Engagement
Perceptions of Hyphenated Identities
Understanding Family Engagement
Two Portraits of Latinx Immigrant-Origin Emerging Adults
Carmen, Parallel Identities at the Hyphen
Eric, Giving Back to his Community
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Buffering Against Parent-Child Conflict: Exploring the Role of Biculturalism in the Relationship Between South Asian College Students and Their Parents
Racialized Immigration History of the United States
Acculturation Approach to Identity
Postcolonial Feminist Views on Immigrant Identity and Biculturalism
Development of Bicultural Identity and Family Conflict in South Asian Immigrants
The Present Study
Method
Participants
Procedure and Measures
Results
Preliminary Analyses
Bivariate Associations Among Biculturalism, Intergenerational Conflict, and Well-being
Discussion
Biculturalism and Family Conflict
Biculturalism as a Protective Factor
Final Message
References
Part II: Language, Language Role Identity, and Literacy
Chapter 7: Immigrant Identity Narratives: Youth Literacy Project
Method
Participants and Selections of Narratives
Narrative Methodology
Results
Story Clusters
Smooth/Positive Cluster
Immigration Journey
Adjustment
Family
Meaning Making
Loss/Bitterness Cluster
Immigration Journey
Adjustment
Family
Meaning Making
Redemption Cluster
Immigration Journey
Adjustment
Family
Meaning Making
Hard Work/Hard Life Cluster
Immigration Journey
Adjustment
Family
Meaning Making
Summary Across General Themes
Discussion
References
Chapter 8: Role-Based Identity Development in Latinx Adolescents from Immigrant Families: The Development of Language Broker Role Identity
The Case for Language Broker Role Identity
Identity Development and Identity Theory
Ethnic Identity
Intergenerational Transmission of Parent Ethnic Identity to Adolescent Ethnic Identity
Language Broker Role Identity Centrality
Gender and Nativity as Moderators of Ethnic and Language Broker Identity
Testing Language Broker Identity as a Mechanism for the Intergenerational Transmission of Ethnic Identities
Participants
Measures
Analysis Plan
Maternal and Paternal Discrepancies in the Intergenerational Transmission of Ethnic Identity
Maternal Effects for the Intergenerational Transmission of Ethnic Identities
Paternal Effects for the Intergenerational Transmission of Ethnic Identities
Factors Influencing Language Broker Role Identity
Parenting, Life Meaning, and Their Effects on Language Broker Role-Based Identity
Parenting Practices and Language Broker Identity Development
Parenting Practices Influence Language Broker Role Identity Development
Participants
Measures
Analysis Plan
Maternal Parenting Practices and Language Broker Role Identity Development
Maternal Warmth, Maternal Hostility, and Language Broker Centrality
Influence of Parenting Practices on Language Broker Role-based Identities
Future Directions
The Effect of Cultural Values on Language Broker Role Identity
Navigating Adolescents’ Multiple Identities
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: “Talking Black”: Examining Black Immigrant Youth’s Cultural Identity Through Peer Culture and Black American English
Theoretical Framework
Focus Group Study Method
Researcher Reflexivity
Black Immigrant Adolescents and Black American Culture
Black Immigrant Adolescents and Peer Culture
Focus Group Findings
Learning Black American English
Black American English
Black Immigrant Adolescents and Black American English
Focus Group Findings
Embracing BAE
Tension with the Language
Language and Cultural Identity
Focus Group Findings
Discussion
References
Part III: Transnational Place and Identity: Resistant Re/Formation
Chapter 10: Transnational Community and Identity Among Mexican Migrants: A Third Space
Extant Immigration Theories
Emergent Transnational Theories of Migration
The Present Study
Method
Results and Discussion
The Jalos Fiestas
Los Ausentes y Las Fiestas
Intergenerational Differences Within Families
The Youth
Social Capital and Social Support Networks
El Que Quiere, Puede: The Mexican Version of the American Dream
Conclusions and Policy Implications
References
Chapter 11: Adaptation and Identity Formation in the Israeli Diaspora
Segmented and Transnational Identity Formation
Method
Results and Discussion
Israel and Emigration
Differences Between Israeli and Diaspora Jewish Identities
Early Reactions of Israeli Emigrants to Diaspora Identities
The Changing Context of Israeli Emigration
The Impact of Israeli Emigrants’ New Status on Mobility and Assimilation
Reconsidering Identity
Child Rearing and National Identity
Jewish Ethnicity/Peoplehood
Second-Generation Identity
Conclusions
References
Part IV: Identity as a Protective Factor: Coping with Depression, Distress, and Adjustment Stress
Chapter 12: First- and Second-Generation Black Immigrant Experiences with Ethnic Misidentification, Acculturation, and Psychological Distress
Identity Complexity for Black Immigrants in America
The “One Drop Rule” and Ethnoracial Classification in the United States
From Openly Racist to Microaggressive
Ethnic Misidentification and Misclassification in Minorities
Misidentification and Black Immigrants
Immigrant Acculturation Strategies and Psychological Outcomes
Ethnic Misidentification and Acculturation Among Black Immigrants
Method: Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Participants
Culturally Appropriate Instrumentation
Demographics
Ethnic Misidentification
Psychological Distress
Acculturation Strategy
Acculturative Stress
Data Collection and Analyses
Collecting and Interpreting Interview Data
Quantitative Results
Relationships in the Quantitative Data
Qualitative Results
What Interviewees Told Us About Ethnic Misidentification
Contextual Experiences of Ethnic Misidentification
Emotional Experiences of Ethnic Misidentification
Discussion
Ethnic Misidentification and Psychological Distress
Acculturation and Psychological Distress
Summary and Key Points
References
Chapter 13: Longitudinal Linkages Between Ethnic-Racial Identity and Discrimination-Related Distress Among Mexican-Origin Girls
Ethnic-Racial Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms
A Potential Mechanism Between Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms: Ethnic-Racial Identity (ERI)
Discrimination and Ethnic-Racial Identity
Ethnic-Racial Identity and Depressive Symptoms
Ethnic-Racial Identity: A Mediating Process?
Present Study
Method
Participants and Procedures
Measures
Perceived Discrimination
Ethnic-Racial Identity
Depressive Symptoms
Nativity
Plan of Analysis
Results
Preliminary Results
Full Model Results
Multi-group Analyses by Adolescent Nativity
Discussion
References
Chapter 14: Victimization, Ethnic Identity, and Psychosocial Adjustment During First Year Experiences of Latina/o College Students from Immigrant Families
Theoretical Foundations
Latinos and the College Experience
Challenges and Barriers Within the Latino College Experience
Experiences of Peer Victimization
Perceived Ethnic Discrimination and Its Negative Effects
Ethnic Identity as a Buffer Among Populations of Color
Addressing the Gaps: The Present Study
Method
Sample
Procedures
Measures
Ethnic Identity Affirmation
Peer Victimization
Ethnic Discrimination
Anger Regulation Coping
Anxious Attachment
Verbal Hostility
Brooding
Results
Type of Analysis
Preliminary Analyses
Hierarchical Regressions
Discussion
Conclusions and Implications
References
Chapter 15: Parent-Adolescent Dissimilarity in Ethnic-Racial Identity Exploration: Implications for Adolescent Family Cohesion and Depressive Symptoms
Theoretical Framework
Parent-Adolescent Dissimilarity in Ethnic-Racial Identity Exploration
Acculturation Gap-Distress and Youth and Family Well-Being: A Mixed Picture
Identity Dissimilarity and Youth Mental Health: Family Functioning as a Mediator
The Current Study
Method
Participants
Procedure
Measures
Covariates
Analytic Plan
Interaction of Parent and Adolescent Ethnic-Racial Identity Exploration
Parent-Adolescent Exploration Difference Score
Parent-Adolescent Exploration Gap Value
Results
Preliminary Analyses
Primary Analyses
Discussion
Limitations and Future Directions
Implications
References
Part V: Positive Youth and Emerging Adult Development
Chapter 16: Positive Identity Development as an Integration Measure: Reframing Alternative Conceptual Findings for Academically Resilient, Low Income Urban Youth
Perspectives on Migration, Self, and Society
Classic Theories: Assimilation to the White Middle Class
Segmented Assimilation: Greater Diversity and a Vanishing White Middle Class
The Present Study: Development in an Urban Context
Sociohistorical Considerations
PVEST as an Integration Measure: Reframing the Assimilation Question
Hypotheses
Method
Description of Sample
Intersection of Ethnic Heritage and First-Generation Status
Measures
General Positive Attitude Measure
Skin Color Opinions and Perceptions Evaluation (SCOPE) Measure
Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure
Receiving Context Variables
Results
Regression Model
Robustness Checks
Hypotheses Testing: Mixed Results
Discussion and Future Directions
Limitations
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Pathways of Positive Development Among Muslim-American Emerging Adults: Not an Oxymoron
Developing a Religious Identity in a Context Suspicious of the Religion
Developing Despite Challenges
Religion and its Variation as an Underexplored Asset
The Current Study
Method
Sample and Procedures
Focus Group Questions
Data Analysis
Results
Challenges and External Social Mirrors
Being Religious in America
Being Muslim in America
Feeling Out of Place
Positive Social Mirrors
External Validation
Activating Internal Resources for Positive Development
Discussion
Challenges
Resources
Limitations
Conclusions, Implications, and Future Directions
References
Chapter 18: Identity Development Among African Refugee Immigrant Youth in Australia
African Refugee Immigrant Youth Cultures and Identities
Australian Refugee Immigration Policies and Instruments
Influences of Identity Development of African Youth Refugee Immigrants to Australia
Social Affiliation Identity
Rule Identity
Role Identity
Value Identity
Issues for Research and Other Forms of Scholarship
Conclusion
References
Index
