There are growing advantages to the use of graphene-based nanophotonics in communication, sensing, security, safety, spectroscopy, manufacturing, biomedicine, agriculture, imaging, and other fields. These advantages, as well as the numerous challenges associated with this technology and proposed solutions to these challenges, are summarized in this book. The key objective of the book is to serve as a single-source reference for the rapidly expanding application aspects of the technology of graphene-based nanophotonics, as well as the number of modules required for their successful implementation. This book seeks to give readers a comprehensive understanding of several elements of graphene-based nanophotonics, such as emerging application areas, the design and modelling of sensors, absorbers, optical fiber, encoders, etc. A complete view of the progress and breakthroughs in novel materials for sensing, detecting and encoding technology is presented. The book also emphasizes the consequences of THz signals on human health, as well as the environmental components of THz. This book will be of tremendous value for those with an interest in electronic engineering, particularly those keeping an eye on this emerging technology.
Author(s): Shobhit K. Patel, Sofyan A. Taya, Sudipta Das, K. Vasu Babu
Series: Advanced Structured Materials, 190
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 368
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Graphene-Based Nanomaterials
1 Introduction
2 Physico-Chemical Properties of Graphene Nanomaterials
2.1 Electronic Properties
2.2 Mechanical Strength
2.3 Optical Properties
3 Synthesis of Graphene Nanomaterials
3.1 Top-Down Technique
3.2 Bottom-Up Techniques
4 Functionalization of Graphene
4.1 Immobilization
4.2 Covalent Bonding
4.3 Non-covalent Bonding
4.4 Graphene Conjugation with Organic Molecules
4.5 Graphene Functionalization with Polymers
4.6 Graphene Establishment in Anti-cancer Drugs
4.7 Graphene Alteration with Biomolecules
5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Graphene Synthesis Methods
5.1 Advantages
5.2 Disadvantages
6 Applications of Graphene Nanomaterials
6.1 Graphene in Fuel Cells
6.2 Graphene Batteries
6.3 Graphene in Solar Cells
6.4 Graphene in Thermoelastic
6.5 Graphene in Alcohol Distillation
6.6 Drug Delivery Using Graphene
6.7 Graphene in Cancer Treatment
6.8 Graphs for Gene Delivery
6.9 Graphene in Photo-Thermal Therapy
6.10 Monitoring Diabetes with Graphene
6.11 Graphene in Dialysis
6.12 Graphene in the Implantation of Bones and Teeth
6.13 Graphene for Cell Treatment and Tissue Engineering
6.14 Graphene for UV Sensors
6.15 Graphene for the Brain
6.16 Graphs in HIV Diagnosis
6.17 Graphene Biosensors
6.18 Bactericidal Graphene
6.19 Body Scans with Graphene
6.20 Graphene in Nuclear Power Plants
7 Nanocomposite of Graphene and its Application
7.1 Applications of Nanomaterials-Based Graphene (GN) in Neural Tissue Engineering
7.2 Drug Delivery Software
7.3 Specific Drug Delivery
7.4 Graphene in Smart Gene Delivery System
8 Challenges to Produce Value-Added Graphene Nanomaterial Products
9 Conclusions
References
High-Performance Metric of Graphene-Based Heterojunction LEDs and PDs in Visible Light Communication Systems
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Graphene’s Electronic and Optical Properties
2 GaN/Graphene-Based Heterojunction LEDs
2.1 Optical Modulators
3 InGaN/Graphene Heterojunction PDs Performances
4 Conclusion
References
Variants of Graphene Nanoribbon (GNR) Interconnects for THz Applications
1 Introduction
2 Equivalent Circuit Models
2.1 Equivalent Circuit Model for a Single SWCNT
2.2 Equivalent Circuit for Single-Walled CNTs in Parallel
2.3 Graphene Nanoribbon
3 Radio Frequency Performance
4 Conclusion
References
A Study on Graphene-Based Sensor Devices
1 Introduction
2 Opto-Electronic Properties of Graphene
2.1 Transmission and Absorption
2.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance Operation
2.3 Photo-Thermionic Effect
3 Sensor Devices
3.1 Chemical and Gas Sensors
3.2 Temperature Sensors
3.3 Biosensors and Health Monitoring Devices
4 Future Challenges
References
Graphene: A Promising Material for Flexible Electronic Devices
1 Introduction
2 Use of Graphene in Highly Flexible Electronics
2.1 Graphene-Based Supercapacitors
2.2 Graphene Used in Fuel Cell (FCs)
2.3 Oxygen Reduction Reactions (ORR) for Metal Batteries
2.4 GF-Based Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (ELDCs)
2.5 Graphene in Flexible Solar Cells
2.6 Some Important Properties of Graphene
2.7 Issues Need to Be Addressed
2.8 Graphene in the Integrated Circuit
2.9 Limitations of Graphene for Flexible Electronic Devices
2.10 Conclusion and Future Lookout
References
Catalytic Performance of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites
1 Introduction
1.1 Synthesis of Graphene
1.2 A Journey from Graphite Powder to Graphene Oxide
1.3 Overview of Nanocomposite
1.4 Graphene-Based Nanocomposite Catalyzed Reactions
2 Conclusion Outlook and Remarks
References
Graphene-Based Nanophotonic Biosensors
1 Introduction
2 Key Parameters for Photonic Sensing
2.1 Nanophotonic Response
2.2 Modification of Graphene Surface
3 Graphene-Based Nanophotonic Biosensors
3.1 Nanophotonic Biosensors for Near-Patient Testing
3.2 Nanophotonic Biosensors for Food Quality Control
3.3 Nanophotonic Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring
4 Conclusion
References
An Investigation on Unique Graphene-Based THz Antenna
1 Introduction
1.1 Graphene Fabrication Techniques
1.2 About Graphene Conductivity
2 Recent Work on Graphene Antenna
3 Technical Requirements Toward Communication (in 6G)
3.1 How Graphene Antenna Is Important for 6G Communication
3.2 Advantages
3.3 Challenges
4 Conclusion
References
Two-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors: Micromachines for Advancing the Medical Diagnosis
1 Introduction
2 Biosensor: History, Principle and Properties
2.1 Principle
2.2 Brief History
2.3 Properties of a Biosensor
3 Graphene and Its Derivatives
3.1 Properties Supplementing Biosensing Platform
4 Classification of Graphene-Based Biosensors
4.1 Graphene-Based Optical Biosensing Platform
4.2 Graphene-Based Field Effect Transistors (FET) Biosensor
4.3 Graphene-Based Electrochemical Biosensors
4.4 Graphene-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Biosensors
5 Advances in Graphene-Based Biosensors in Medical Diagnostics
5.1 Graphene-Based Biosensors for DNA
5.2 Graphene-Based Biosensors for Enzymes
5.3 Graphene-Based Biosensors for Proteins/Antibodies
5.4 Graphene-Based Biosensors for Microbial Cells
5.5 Graphene-Based Biosensors in Inflammatory Diseases
6 Challenges
7 Conclusion
References
Micro-sized Graphene-Based UWB Annular Ring Patch Antenna for Short-Range High-Speed Terahertz Wireless Systems
1 Introduction
2 Modeling of Graphene Material
3 Geometry of the Proposed THz Antenna
4 Evolutionary Stages of the Suggested Antenna
5 Parametrical Analysis
6 Performance Results and Discussions
6.1 Reflection Coefficient
6.2 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
6.3 Input Impedance
6.4 Radiation Patterns
7 Comparison with Other Reported Work
8 Conclusion
References
Surrogate Optimization-Assisted Dual-Band THz Inverted-F Coplanar Graphene Antenna
1 Introduction
2 Design of U-Slot for Feeding Inverted-F Element
3 Design of Inverted-F Coplanar Antenna
4 Gain and Reflection Coefficient Enhancement Methods Using Reflector Mesh
5 Parametric Studies
6 Conclusion
References
Recent Advances in Graphene Oxide-Ferrite Hybrid Framework as Radar Absorbing Material
1 Introduction
2 Mechanism of EMI Shielding Process
3 Techniques for the Preparation of Effective Absorbing Materials.
3.1 Hierarchical or Substituted Ferrites (Divalent/Trivalent Ion)
3.2 Fe Alloying with Other Metals
3.3 Core@Shell Structures
4 Measurement Techniques for EMI Shielding
5 EMI Absorbing Materials: A Brief Description
5.1 Iron (Fe) Ingredient
5.2 Metals/Metal Oxides for EMI Shielding
5.3 Carbonaceous Materials
5.4 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
5.5 Composite Materials for EMI Shielding
5.6 Polymer-Based Nanocomposite for EMI Shielding
6 Graphene Oxide-Ferrite Hybrid as the EMI Shielding Material
7 Parameters/Factors Affecting EMI Performance
7.1 Permittivity and Permeability
7.2 Snoek’s Limit
7.3 Temperature and Time
7.4 Size, Shape and Morphology
7.5 Mass Ratio
7.6 Thickness
8 Summary and Future Perspective
References
Graphene-Based THz Antenna: Rudiments, Fabrication, and Forthcoming Opportunity
1 Introduction
2 Graphene Conductivity
3 Graphene-Based Antenna Structure
3.1 Resonant Antenna
3.2 Leaky-Wave Antennas
3.3 Reflect array Antennas
4 Proposed THz MIMO Antenna
5 Fabrication Technology of Graphene-Based Nanomesh
6 Forthcoming Research Scope of THz Antenna
6.1 Structure Miniaturization
6.2 Healthy Gain of Structure
6.3 Better Way of Integration
7 Concluding Remarks
References
Design of Monopole Ground Graphene Disc-Inserted THz Antenna for Future Wireless Systems
1 Introduction
2 Antenna Geometry
3 Results Analysis
4 Conclusions
References
Graphene-Based D-Shaped Gold-Coated Photonic Crystal Fiber for Transformer Oil Moisture Sensing
1 Introduction
2 Photonic Crystal Fibers
3 Terahertz Regime
4 Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)
5 Moisture in Transformer Oil
5.1 SPR-Based D-Shaped PCF with Graphene and Gold
5.2 Results and Discussions
6 Conclusions
References
Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Adsorbents for Fluoride Removal from Groundwater
1 Introduction
2 Adsorbents Used for Fluoride Removal
2.1 Calcium-Based Adsorbents
2.2 Aluminium-Based Adsorbents
2.3 Natural Adsorbents
2.4 Carbon-Based Adsorbents
3 Graphene-Based Adsorbents Used for Fluoride Removal
3.1 Graphene Oxide/Alumina Nano-composite
3.2 Graphene Oxide/Eggshell Adsorbent
3.3 Graphene Oxide/Iron Oxide Nano-composites
4 Conclusions
References
Design and Analysis of Fractal-Based THz Antenna with Co-Axial Feeding Technique for Wireless Applications
1 Introduction
2 Geometrical Configuration of THz Antenna
3 Design Results Analysis
4 Conclusions
References
Application of Graphene, Its Derivatives, and Their Nanocomposites
1 Introduction
2 Graphene Derivatives
2.1 Graphene Oxide
2.2 Reduced Graphene Oxide
2.3 Graphane
2.4 Graphone
2.5 Graphene-Based Film
3 Application in Electronics
4 Energy Storage Applications
5 Water Purification
6 Biosensor Application
7 Biomedical Applications
7.1 Gene Delivery
7.2 Drug Delivery
7.3 Graphene-Based Nanosystem in Bioimaging and Tissue Engineering
8 Forensic Application
References
