Recent Advances in Blockchain Technology: Real-World Applications

Preface
Introduction
Objective of the Book
Organization of the Book
Acknowledgments
About This Book
Contents
About the Editors
1 An Introduction to Blockchain Technology: Recent Trends
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Blockchain Technology Background
1.2.1 Blockchain Defined
1.2.2 Blockchain Characteristics
1.2.3 Blockchain Benefits
1.3 Propositions: Recent Progresses
1.3.1 Proposition 1
1.3.2 Proposition 2
1.3.3 Proposition 3
1.3.4 Proposition 4
1.3.5 Proposition 5
1.3.6 Proposition 6
1.3.7 Proposition 7
1.4 Future Trends
1.5 Conclusions
References
2 Bitcoin: Beginning of the Cryptocurrency Era
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Background Note
2.3 Leveraging Blockchain Technology
2.4 Key Blockchain Technology Powered Products
2.5 Blockchain Platform
2.6 Bitcoin Protocol Layer
2.7 Bitcoin Client Application Layer
2.8 Results
2.9 Challenges
2.10 The Road Ahead
2.11 Teaching Objectives and Target Audience
2.12 Immediate Issues
2.13 Basic Issues
2.14 Teaching Approach and Strategy
2.15 Suggested Session Plan
2.16 Analysis
References
3 HR Digital Transformation: Blockchain for Business
3.1 Introduction
3.2 What Is Human Resource and Why Human Resource?
3.3 What Is Digital Transformation?
3.4 What Is Blockchain?
3.5 Why Blockchain?
3.6 What Are the Types of Blockchain?
3.6.1 Public Blockchain
3.6.2 Private Blockchain
3.6.3 Consortium Blockchain
3.7 What Are the Benefits Blockchain Can Bring to the Business?
3.7.1 Trust
3.7.2 Decentralized Structure
3.7.3 Improved Security and Privacy
3.7.4 Visibility and Traceability
3.7.5 Immutability
3.7.6 Speed
3.7.7 Tokenization
3.7.8 Individual Control of Data
3.7.9 Reduced Costs
3.7.10 Innovation
3.8 Why Blockchain in HR?
3.9 Relevant Literature Review
3.10 Transformation of Blockchain Technology in Human Resource in Three Waves
3.10.1 First Wave
3.10.2 Second Wave
3.10.3 Third Wave
3.11 How Blockchain Has Transformed HR?
3.11.1 Beowulf: Streamlining Communication in the Workplace
3.11.2 The BeSure Network: Ensuring Workplace Safety Protocols Are Valid
3.11.3 Etch: Instant Payroll
3.11.4 eXo Platform: Revolutionizing Employee Rewards and Recognition
3.11.5 Gospel Technology: Changing Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS)
3.11.6 Job.com: Changing the Face of Recruiting
3.11.7 Lympo: Employee Wellness Data Democratization
3.11.8 Peoplewave: Employee Relationship Management (ERM)
3.11.9 Vault Platform: Increasing Accountability in Workplace Abuse Reporting
3.11.10 WurkNow: Job Advancement for Blue-Collar Workers
3.12 How Far Blockchain Is Relevant for HR?
3.12.1 Background and Employment-History Checks
3.12.2 Access and Data Security
3.12.3 Smart Contracts for Temporary Workforce
3.12.4 Compliance and Regulations
3.13 HR Digital Transformation vis-a-vis Blockchain
3.13.1 E-Recruitment vis-à-vis Blockchain in Recruitment
3.13.2 E-Compensation vis-à-vis Blockchain in Compensation
3.13.3 E-Training vis-à-vis Blockchain in Talent Management
3.13.4 E-Performance Appraisal vis-à-vis Blockchain Performance Management
3.14 Blockchain Used in Other Industries and Countries
3.15 Blockchain Start-ups in India
3.16 Challenges and Criticisms of Blockchain Technology
3.16.1 Scalability
3.16.2 Multi-blockchain Interoperability
3.16.3 Blockchain and AI
3.16.4 Energy
3.16.5 Simulation and Testing
3.16.6 Lack of Industry-Ready Resources
3.16.7 Lack of a Clear Regulatory Direction
3.16.8 Challenges Related to Human Resource
3.17 Conclusions
References
4 Securing Electronic Health Record System in Cloud Environment Using Blockchain Technology
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Motivation
4.1.2 Novelty of Our Work
4.1.3 Our Contribution
4.2 Background Concepts and Literature Survey
4.2.1 Background Concepts
4.2.2 Literature Survey
4.3 Proposed System Model
4.3.1 System Architecture
4.3.2 Use Case Diagram of EHR System
4.4 Security and Network Performance
4.4.1 How Does Blockchain Provide Data Security?
4.4.2 Security and Network Performance
4.4.3 Security Analysis
4.5 Implementation
4.6 Conclusions and Future Direction
References
5 Blockchain: The Foundation of Trust in Metaverse
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Limitations of 2D Learning Environments
5.3 Core Attributes of Metaverse
5.4 Characteristics of Metaverse
5.5 How Blockchain and Metaverse Related?
5.6 Role of Blockchain in Metaverse
5.7 Blockchain Use Cases in Metaverse
5.8 Anticipated Application Areas of Metaverse
5.9 Blockchain Based Solutions for Metaverse Challenges
5.10 Conclusion
References
6 Survey on Blockchain Technology and Security Facilities in Online Education
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Blockchain Based Trust Scheme for E-learning
6.3 Blockchain Facilities in Online Education
6.4 Certificate Sharing Using Blockchain
6.5 Blockchain Security in Medicine
6.6 Survey Analysis
6.7 Conclusion
References
7 A Govern Chain—Integration of Government Function with Blockchain Technology
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Applications that Are Decentralized
7.3 Govern Chain Examples
7.3.1 Public Procurement
7.3.2 Land Title Registrations
7.3.3 Electronic Voting
7.4 Blockchain Applications for Energy Conservation
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Blockchain in Healthcare: A Review
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Blockchain Overview
8.3 Review of Blockchain Use Cases
8.3.1 Electronic Health Record (EHR)
8.3.2 Supply Chain for Drugs and Pharmaceuticals
8.3.3 Education and Research in Biomedicine
8.4 Remote Patient Observation (RPO)
8.5 Insurance Claims for Health
8.6 Data Analytics for Health
8.7 Review of COVID-19 Blockchain-Based Applications
8.8 Limitations and Issues with Blockchain-Based Applications
8.9 Strategies Used to Overcome Obstacles and Limitations
8.10 Areas for Future Research and Open Research Questions
8.11 Conclusion
References
9 Blockchain: A Study of New Business Model
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Blockchain and Functionalities
9.2.1 Blockchain and Its Usage
9.2.2 Features of Blockchain Technology
9.3 Business Process Management
9.3.1 BPM Is What, Exactly?
9.3.2 Advantages and Drawbacks (BPM)
9.3.3 What Is not BPM
9.3.4 What Kinds of BPM Systems Are There?
9.3.5 Why Do People Utilize BPM?
9.3.6 What Are the Advantages of Putting BPM into Practice?
9.3.7 When Ought Businesses Start Using BPM?
9.3.8 BPM (BPM) Versus Business Process Automation (BPA)
9.3.9 Business Process Characteristics
9.3.10 Blockchain and Business Process Characteristics
9.4 Using Blockchain to Implement BPM
9.4.1 Blockchain Networks Power Business Process Automation
9.4.2 How Smart Contracts Promote Collaboration in the Enterprise
9.4.3 Blockchain Implementation Difficulties
9.5 Business Process Monitoring
9.5.1 Why to Monitor
9.5.2 How to Monitor
9.5.3 What to Monitor
9.6 Existing Approaches
9.6.1 Overview and Design Principles of the Lorikeet System
9.6.2 The System of Caterpillar
9.7 Certain General Advice and Learned Lessons
9.8 Conclusion
9.9 Future Directions for Research
References
10 Understanding the Blockchain Technology Adoption in Transportation Management: Application in Trucking Industry
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Application of Blockchain Technology in Transportation Management
10.3 Potential Challenges and Scope of BT Adoption in Indian Trucking Industry
10.3.1 Background of Indian Trucking Industry
10.3.2 Challenges and Scope of BT Implementation in Indian Trucking Industry
10.4 Scope of BT Implementation in Trucking Industry
10.4.1 Immutability
10.4.2 Security
10.4.3 Payment
10.4.4 Flexibility
10.5 Discussion
10.6 Future Scope
10.7 Key Takeaways
References
11 MediBlock: A Pervasive Way to Create Healthcare Value in Secured Manner for Personalized Care
11.1 Introduction
11.2 MediBlock: A Possible Solution?
11.3 Building MediBlock Network
11.3.1 Patient Layer
11.3.2 Healthcare Service Provider/Physician Layer
11.3.3 Technology Layer
11.4 Building a Security for a MediBlock Network
11.4.1 Actual Working Mechanism of MediBlock Network
11.5 Conclusion
References
12 Application of Blockchain Technology in Human Resource Management
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Use of Technology in Human Resource Management
12.1.2 Database Management—Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
12.1.3 Data Mining—Descriptive and Predictive
12.1.4 Design Thinking and Human Resource Management
12.1.5 Internet of Things (IoT) and Human Resource Management
12.1.6 Artificial Intelligence and Human Resource
12.1.7 Blockchain (Distributive Ledger) and Human Resource Management
12.2 Blockchain Technology and Human Resource Processes
12.2.1 Blockchain Technology in Recruitment and Selection
12.2.2 Blockchain Technology in Training and Development
12.2.3 Blockchain Technology for Payroll
12.2.4 Blockchain Technology for Performance Management
12.2.5 Employment Records Management and Blockchain
12.2.6 Employees’ Compensation—Blockchain Enabled Cryptocurrency
12.2.7 Managing Contractual/Temporary Workers Through Blockchain
12.3 Advantages of Blockchain in Human Resource Management
12.3.1 Enhanced Security
12.3.2 Higher Transparency
12.3.3 Automation
12.4 Challenges Behind Implementation of Blockchain Technology
12.4.1 Inefficient Technological Design
12.4.2 Low Scalability
12.4.3 No Regulation
12.4.4 Lack of Adequate Skilled Workers
12.5 Companies Using Blockchain in HRM
12.6 Conclusion—Future Ahead
References
13 P2P-The Key Behind Regulatory Framework of DeFi Services
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Current Status of De-Fi in the World
13.3 Centralized Versus Decentralized Finance
13.4 What is DeFi?
13.5 Distinctive Characteristics of DeFi
13.5.1 Financial Products or Services
13.5.2 Permissionless Operation and Settlement
13.5.3 Unalterable Custodial Design
13.5.4 Composed and Programmable Database
13.6 Conceptual Overview of De-Fi Architecture
13.7 Decentralized Governance
13.8 Types of Services Offered Under DeFi
13.8.1 Exchanges
13.8.2 Credits
13.8.3 Stable Coins
13.8.4 Derivatives
13.8.5 Insurance
13.8.6 Asset Management
13.9 Risks Associated with DeFi
13.10 Financial Regulation Related to DeFi
13.11 Policy Tools for DeFi
13.12 Conclusion
References
14 An Overview of Blockchain Technology and Its Adoption in Industry
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 What is Blockchain?
14.1.2 History of Blockchain
14.2 The Fundamental Components of a Blockchain
14.3 Recognizing the Immutability of Blockchain
14.4 Evolution of Blockchain from Industry 1.0 to 4.0
14.5 Blockchain Security Breaches
14.6 Blockchain for Different Industries
14.6.1 Security and Privacy in Blockchain
14.6.2 Blockchain in Healthcare
14.6.3 Blockchain and Government
14.6.4 How Blockchain Has Helped Government in COVID-19?
14.6.5 Supply Chain Management and Blockchain
14.7 Smart Contracts and Blockchain
14.8 Conclusion
References
15 A Smart Contract-Based Framework for Value Addition in Retail Market
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Related Study
15.3 Background of Blockchain Technology
15.3.1 Genesis of the Blockchain Technology
15.3.2 Fundamental Structure of the Blockchain
15.3.3 Important Features of the Blockchain Technology
15.4 Ethereum in Blockchain
15.4.1 Smart Contract
15.5 Use Cases of Blockchain Technology in Retail Sector
15.6 Proposed Blockchain Model and Smart Contract for Retail Sector
15.7 Conclusion
References