Get a head start in producing quality images and fewer repeat radiographs with Fauber’s Radiographic Imaging and Exposure, 5th Edition. Covering both digital radiography and film-screen radiography, this practical text is the key to mastering the fundamentals of imaging, passing the ARRT certification exam, and becoming a successful radiography professional. Along with the radiography protection alerts, mathematical applications, and concise writing style retained from the last edition, this new edition features updated content reflecting the latest ARRT and ASRT content, expanded coverage of digital fluoroscopy, and enhanced content on problem-solving in situations of poor-quality radiographs.
Key Features
Extensive digital radiography coverage helps readers learn to acquire, process, and display digital images while discussing the advantages and limitations of digital vs. film processes.
Concentration on imaging and exposure lays the groundwork for becoming a competent radiographer.
Radiation Protection alerts highlight the variables that impact patient exposure and how radiographers can control them.
Important Relationships sections recap the relationships among concepts being discussed, calling attention to how they relate to one another.
Mathematical Applications sections show how mathematical concepts and formulas are applied in the clinical setting.
Straightforward and concise writing style makes the content understandable and accessible.
Review questions are provided for every chapter with answers in the back of book.
Bulleted summaries at the ends of chapters offer a quick review of the key concepts just covered in the chapter.
Appendices provide an easy-to-use format for quick reference and studying important concepts and formulas.
Glossary of key terms serves as a quick reference for key terms covered throughout the book.
Author(s): Terri Fauber
Edition: 5th Edition
Publisher: Mosby / Elsevier
Year: 2016
Language: English
Commentary: TRUE PDF
Pages: 353
Tags: Radiography
Front Cover......Page 1
RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING AND EXPOSURE......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 4
REVIEWERS......Page 5
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES......Page 6
LEARNING AIDS......Page 7
ANCILLARIES......Page 8
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 9
CONTENTS......Page 10
DISCOVERY......Page 12
X-RAYS AS ENERGY......Page 16
Absorbed Dose......Page 18
PROPERTIES OF X-RAYS......Page 19
THE FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIATION PROTECTION......Page 20
2 - The X-ray Beam......Page 26
Cathode......Page 27
Anode......Page 28
X-ray Tube Housing......Page 30
Bremsstrahlung Interactions......Page 31
Characteristic Interactions......Page 32
X-RAY EMISSION SPECTRUM......Page 33
X-RAY EXPOSURE......Page 34
Kilovoltage......Page 37
Milliamperage......Page 39
Milliamperage and Time......Page 41
LINE-FOCUS PRINCIPLE......Page 43
ANODE HEEL EFFECT......Page 44
BEAM FILTRATION......Page 45
COMPENSATING FILTERS......Page 47
HEAT UNITS......Page 48
EXTENDING X-RAY TUBE LIFE......Page 50
3 - Image Formation and Radiographic Quality......Page 53
Beam Attenuation......Page 54
Factors Affecting Beam Attenuation......Page 58
Exit Radiation......Page 60
Image Brightness......Page 63
Image Contrast......Page 64
Spatial Resolution......Page 68
Size Distortion (Magnification)......Page 69
Shape Distortion......Page 70
Scatter......Page 71
Quantum Noise......Page 72
Image Artifacts......Page 73
Digital versus Film-Screen Imaging......Page 74
4 - Digital Imaging......Page 78
DIGITAL IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS......Page 79
Spatial Frequency and Spatial Resolution......Page 83
Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)......Page 85
Computed Radiography......Page 86
Flat-Panel Detectors......Page 92
Indirect Conversion Detectors......Page 93
Dynamic Range......Page 94
Signal-to-Noise Ratio......Page 96
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING......Page 97
Histogram Analysis......Page 98
Exposure Indicator......Page 99
Lookup Tables......Page 101
IMAGE DISPLAY......Page 104
Types of Monitors......Page 105
Viewing Conditions......Page 106
Performance Criteria......Page 107
Postprocessing......Page 109
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS......Page 115
5 - Film-Screen Imaging......Page 121
FILM-SCREEN IMAGING......Page 122
Radiographic Film......Page 123
Latent Image Formation......Page 124
Spectral Sensitivity......Page 125
Intensifying Screens......Page 126
Screen Speed......Page 127
Developing......Page 130
Washing......Page 132
Processor Systems......Page 133
Silver Recovery......Page 136
SENSITOMETRY......Page 139
Densitometer......Page 140
Diagnostic Range......Page 142
SENSITOMETRIC CURVE......Page 143
Regions......Page 144
Speed Exposure Point......Page 146
Average Gradient......Page 148
Exposure Latitude......Page 149
Optimal Density......Page 151
Maximum Film Contrast......Page 152
Illuminators......Page 153
6 - Exposure Technique Factors......Page 158
Milliamperage and Exposure Time......Page 159
Kilovoltage Peak and Exposure to the Image Receptor......Page 163
Kilovoltage Peak and Radiographic Contrast......Page 166
Source-to-Image-Receptor Distance......Page 169
Object-to-Image-Receptor Distance......Page 173
Calculating Magnification......Page 174
Central Ray Alignment......Page 176
Grids......Page 178
Tube Filtration......Page 180
PATIENT FACTORS......Page 181
Part Thickness......Page 183
7 - Scatter Control......Page 189
SCATTER RADIATION......Page 190
BEAM RESTRICTION AND SCATTER RADIATION......Page 191
Collimation and Contrast......Page 192
TYPES OF BEAM-RESTRICTING DEVICES......Page 193
Cones and Cylinders......Page 194
Collimators......Page 196
Automatic Collimators......Page 198
RADIOGRAPHIC GRIDS......Page 199
Grid Construction......Page 200
Grid Focus......Page 201
Long-Dimension versus Short-Dimension Grids......Page 204
Grid Performance......Page 205
Types of Grid Cutoff Errors......Page 207
Grid Usage......Page 211
Radiation Protection......Page 213
AIR GAP TECHNIQUE......Page 214
SHIELDING ACCESSORIES......Page 215
8 - Exposure Technique Selection......Page 219
Radiation Detectors......Page 220
Ionization Chamber Systems......Page 221
kVp and mA Selections......Page 223
Backup Time......Page 224
Density Adjustment......Page 225
Patient Centering......Page 226
Detector Size......Page 228
Collimation......Page 229
Calibration......Page 230
ANATOMICALLY PROGRAMMED TECHNIQUE......Page 231
EXPOSURE TECHNIQUE CHARTS......Page 234
Conditions......Page 235
Variable kVp/Fixed mAs Technique Chart......Page 236
Fixed kVp/Variable mAs Technique Chart......Page 238
Exposure Technique Chart Development......Page 239
Bariatric Patients......Page 240
Pathologic Conditions......Page 241
Soft Tissue......Page 242
Contrast Media......Page 243
CRITERIA FOR IMAGE EVALUATION......Page 248
Contrast......Page 249
Distortion......Page 251
Quantum Noise......Page 252
Exposure Indicator......Page 253
Image Artifacts......Page 254
EXPOSURE TECHNIQUE FACTORS......Page 255
Image Quality......Page 256
Digital......Page 257
Film-Screen......Page 258
Mathematical Calculations......Page 259
mAs......Page 260
Matching......Page 263
Multiple Choice......Page 264
IMAGE ANALYSIS......Page 265
The kVp increased by 15% in Radiograph 2 and requires a decrease in mAs by a factor of 2......Page 266
kVp = 60......Page 268
kVp = 81......Page 269
Evaluation......Page 270
10 - Dynamic Imaging: Fluoroscopy......Page 273
Image Intensification......Page 274
Automatic Brightness Control......Page 276
Magnification Mode......Page 277
Television Cameras......Page 278
Television Monitor......Page 281
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitors......Page 282
Plasma Monitors......Page 283
Recording Systems......Page 284
MOBILE C-ARM UNITS......Page 285
DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY......Page 286
CONTINUOUS VERSUS PULSED FLUROSCOPY......Page 289
RADIATION SAFETY......Page 290
QUALITY CONTROL......Page 291
Tube Current......Page 296
Factors Affecting Beam Attenuation......Page 297
Pixel Density and Pitch and Spatial Resolution......Page 298
Window Level and Image Brightness......Page 299
Developer Temperature and Radiographic Quality......Page 300
Kilovoltage, Scatter Radiation, and Radiographic Contrast......Page 301
Collimation and Scatter Radiation......Page 302
Function of the Ionization Chamber......Page 303
Exposure Technique Charts and Radiographic Quality......Page 304
Pulsed Fluoroscopy......Page 305
Adjusting mAs for Changes in Film-Screen System Speed......Page 306
Magnification Factor......Page 307
Decreasing the Grid Ratio......Page 308
Increasing the Grid Ratio......Page 309
Excessive Radiation Exposure and Digital Imaging......Page 310
Monitoring Backup Time......Page 311
Exposure Technique Charts and Digital Imaging......Page 312
Digital......Page 313
Film......Page 314
mAs......Page 315
WORD PROBLEMS......Page 316
Calculations......Page 317
IMAGE EVALUATION......Page 318
Matching......Page 319
Multiple Choice......Page 320
Evaluation......Page 321
Calculate and Respond......Page 322
Evaluation......Page 323
Calculate and Respond......Page 324
CHAPTER 4: DIGITAL IMAGING......Page 325
CHAPTER 10: DYNAMIC IMAGING: FLUOROSCOPY......Page 326
Chapter 5......Page 327
Chapter 10......Page 328
GLOSSARY......Page 329
A......Page 335
C......Page 336
D......Page 337
E......Page 339
F......Page 340
H......Page 343
I......Page 344
M......Page 347
P......Page 348
R......Page 349
S......Page 350
W......Page 352
Z......Page 353
