Radio Interface System Planning for GSM,GPRS,UMTS

Radio Interface System Planning ofr GSM/GPRS/UMTS......Page 1
Table Of Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 14
1. Introduction - Radio Propagation Environment......Page 16
1.1 Definition of the radio network system......Page 17
1.1.1 Coverage terminology and definitions......Page 19
1.1.2 Capacity terminology and definitions......Page 20
1.2.1 Cellular concept......Page 21
1.2.2 Capacity, coverage and quality of service......Page 22
1.2.3 Optimal solution......Page 23
1.3 Radio propagation environment......Page 24
1.3.1 Radio propagation parameters related to the environment......Page 25
1.3.1.1 Angular spread......Page 26
1.3.1.2 Multipath propagation and delay spread......Page 27
1.3.1.3 Fast fading......Page 29
1.3.1.4 Slow fading......Page 32
1.3.1.5 Propagation slope......Page 33
1.3.2 Characteristics of radio propagation environments......Page 35
1.4 Network evolution path......Page 37
1.5 Conclusions......Page 40
1.6 References......Page 41
2. Radio System Planning Process......Page 42
2.1 Radio system planning phases......Page 43
2.1.1 Dimensioning......Page 45
2.1.2 Detailed radio planning......Page 46
2.1.2.1 Configuration planning......Page 47
2.1.2.2 Coverage planning......Page 48
2.1.2.3 Capacity and frequency planning......Page 50
2.1.3 Optimisation and monitoring......Page 51
2.1.4 Radio system planning process documentation......Page 53
2.2 Conclusions......Page 57
3. Configuration Planning and Power Budget......Page 58
3.1 General power budget......Page 59
3.1.1 Base station and mobile station transmission p......Page 62
3.1.2.1 Types of environment......Page 63
3.1.3 Combiner and receiving multicoupler losses......Page 64
3.1.4 Base station antennas......Page 65
3.1.5 Base station antenna installations......Page 68
3.1.6 Mobile station antennas......Page 69
3.1.7 Base station cables and connectors......Page 70
3.2.1 Power budget balance......Page 71
3.2.1.1 Low noise amplifiers......Page 72
3.2.1.2 Diversity reception at the base station receiving end......Page 74
3.2.1.4 Performance of deployed diversity techniques......Page 76
3.2.2 Power budget maximizing......Page 77
3.2.2.1 Downlink boosters and power amplifiers......Page 78
3.2.2.2 Frequency hopping and power budget......Page 80
3.2.2.3 Single and multi band antenna line configurations......Page 81
3.2.2.4 Duplex and diplex filter losses......Page 83
3.2.2.5 Power budget margins......Page 84
3.3 Coverage and capacity optimized configurations......Page 86
3.4 Conclusions......Page 87
3.5 References......Page 88
4. Coverage Planning Criteria......Page 90
4.1.1 Slow (log-normal) fading and standard deviation......Page 91
4.1.2 Slow fading margin......Page 93
4.1.3 Point location probability......Page 95
4.1.3.1 Area location probability......Page 96
4.1.4 Multiple server location probability......Page 99
4.2 Building and vehicle penetration......Page 101
4.3 Other losses and margins......Page 103
4.4.2 Thresholds......Page 104
4.5 Conclusions......Page 106
5. Radio Propagation Prediction......Page 107
5.1 Elementary propagation fundamentals......Page 109
5.1.1 Reflections, diffractions, absorptions......Page 110
5.2.1 Okumura–Hata......Page 113
5.2.2 Juul–Nyholm......Page 115
5.2.3 Antenna height......Page 116
5.3 Propagation measurements and model tuning......Page 117
5.3.1 Model tuning measurements......Page 118
5.3.2 Model tuning process......Page 119
5.3.3.1 Measurement import......Page 122
5.3.3.2 Basic path loss model......Page 123
5.3.3.3 Morphology corrections......Page 124
5.3.3.4 Topographic correction......Page 127
5.3.3.5 Street orientation......Page 128
5.3.3.6 Tuning of morphology correction parameters......Page 129
5.4 Digital maps......Page 134
5.4.1 Quality criteria for digital map......Page 135
5.4.2 Raster data......Page 136
5.5 Micro level models......Page 138
5.5.1 Walfish–Ikegami......Page 139
5.6.1 TX parameters......Page 142
5.6.2 Calculation area......Page 144
5.7 Conclusions......Page 147
5.8 References......Page 148
6. Capacity Planning......Page 150
6.1 Capacity planning over a certain area......Page 152
6.2 Traffic models......Page 154
6.3 Frequency reuse factor for the macro base stations......Page 157
6.3.1 Frequency reuse factor......Page 158
6.3.2 Frequency reuse factor and co-channel carrier-to-interference ratio......Page 159
6.3.2.1 Tilting......Page 162
6.3.2.2 Software features......Page 163
6.4 Microcellular layer......Page 165
6.5 Additional capacity related functions......Page 166
6.6 Conclusions......Page 167
6.7 References......Page 168
7. Frequency Planning......Page 170
7.1 Frequency planning criteria......Page 171
7.2 Interference analysis and intereference matrix......Page 176
7.3 Automatic frequency planning (AFP)......Page 179
7.4.1 Frequency hopping......Page 181
7.4.2 Discontinuous transmission (DTX)......Page 185
7.4.3 Power control......Page 186
7.4.4 Multilayer radio networks......Page 187
7.5 Conclusions......Page 189
7.6 References......Page 190
8. Optimisation......Page 192
8.1 Optimisation tools......Page 194
8.2.2 Capacity assessment......Page 196
8.3 Radio network verification and tuning......Page 197
8.3.1 Coverage limited configuration management......Page 198
8.3.2 Capacity limited configuration management......Page 199
8.3.3 Interference verification and tuning......Page 201
8.3.4 Radio network functionality verification and tuning (BSS radio parameters)......Page 204
8.3.4.1 BTS MS signalling......Page 205
8.3.4.2 Radio resource management......Page 212
8.3.4.3 Mobility management......Page 217
8.3.4.4 Measurements and measurement processing......Page 218
8.3.4.5 Handovers......Page 220
8.3.4.6 Power control......Page 222
8.4 Conclusions......Page 224
8.5 References......Page 225
9. Radio Network Monitoring......Page 226
9.1.1 Key performance indicators......Page 227
9.1.1.1 Radio network cost-efficiency......Page 228
9.1.1.2 Radio network QOS......Page 231
9.2.1 Databases......Page 234
9.3 Software programs for monitoring......Page 236
9.4 Conclusions......Page 237
10. General Packet Radio System(GPRS)......Page 238
10.1 Introduction to the GPRS radio network......Page 241
10.1.1 BSS related GPRS elements......Page 242
10.2.1 GPRS coverage planning criteria and thresholds......Page 245
10.2.2 GPRS capacity planning......Page 248
10.3 GPRS related radio network functionalities......Page 252
10.4 GPRS parameters......Page 254
10.5 GPRS monitoring......Page 255
10.6 Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)......Page 256
10.7 Conclusions......Page 257
10.8 References......Page 258
11. Universal Mobile Telecommunication System(UMTS)......Page 260
11.1 Introduction to UMTS......Page 261
11.2.1 WCDMA air interface specification......Page 263
11.2.2 Propagation environment......Page 265
11.2.3 Receiver performance......Page 269
11.3.1 UMTS radio system planning process......Page 273
11.3.2 WCDMA configuration planning......Page 275
11.3.2.1 Receiving end parameters......Page 277
11.3.2.3 Isotropic path loss......Page 280
11.3.3 WCDMA coverage and capacity planning......Page 281
11.3.5 WCDMA planning margins and coverage thresholds......Page 282
11.3.6 WCDMA capacity planning......Page 283
11.3.8 WCDMA optimisation and monitoring......Page 286
11.4 Conclusions......Page 288
11.5 References......Page 289
Index......Page 290