Qumranica Minora I: Qumran Origins and Apocalypticism (Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah)

Qumranica Minora I: Qumran Origins and Apocalypticism......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 6
Foreword......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 14
Abbreviations......Page 16
A. QUMRAN ORIGINS......Page 20
1. Qumran Origins and Early History: A Groningen Hypothesis......Page 22
Origins of the Essene Movement......Page 30
Origins of the Qumran Sect......Page 35
Early History of the Community......Page 43
1. Composition and Character of the Library from Qumran......Page 50
2. On the Hypothesis of Norman Golb......Page 55
3. Historical Reconstruction of the Early History of the Community......Page 66
3. Was Judas Maccabaeus a Wicked Priest? Marginal Notes on 1QpHab VIII 8–13......Page 72
Judas Maccabaeus could in Fact have acted as High Priest......Page 74
This Tradition is Contemporary with or Earlier than 1QpHab......Page 75
1. נקרא על שם האמת......Page 77
2. בתחלת עומדו......Page 79
4. רם לבו ויעזוב את אל ו[י]בנוד בחוקים בעבור הון......Page 81
5. וינזול הון אנשי חמס אשר מרדו באל......Page 82
6. והון עמים לקח לוסיף עליו עון אשמה......Page 83
7. ודרכי ת[ןע]בות פעל בכול נדת טמאה......Page 84
4. The History of the Qumran Community in the Light of Recently Available Texts......Page 86
1. Calendars and Priestly Rosters......Page 90
2. Miqsat Maˁase ha-Torah......Page 96
3. Cave 4 Damascus Document Copies......Page 102
4. 4QSerek Damascus......Page 105
5. Conclusion......Page 107
5. 4QMMT in a Qumran Context......Page 110
1. Text of 4QMMT C 18–24......Page 113
2. אחרית הימים......Page 114
3. מעשי התורה......Page 117
4. Conclusion......Page 121
6. Old Texts and Modern Mirages: The “I” of Two Qumran Hymns......Page 124
4Q491 in the context of the War Scroll......Page 137
1QHa, 4Q427 and 4Q431 [4Q471b]......Page 144
B. APOCALYPTICISM......Page 146
7. Is Jewish Apocalyptic the Mother of Christian Theology?......Page 148
1. Käsemann’s Hypothesis......Page 149
a) Apocalyptic after Easter......Page 150
b) The enthusiasts of Corinth......Page 153
c) The Pauline synthesis......Page 154
d) Conclusion......Page 155
2. A Critique of Käsemann......Page 156
a) The definition of apocalyptic......Page 157
b) The central position of the parousia......Page 158
c) A non-apocalyptic Jesus......Page 160
d) Historical reconstruction......Page 161
3. Jewish Apocalyptic as the Mother of Christian Theology......Page 163
a) The apocalyptic tradition......Page 164
b) Apocalyptic elements in the preaching of Jesus......Page 167
8. Traditions common to 4 Ezra and the Dead Sea Scrolls......Page 172
1. Formal Elements......Page 175
2. The Approach to the Words of the Prophets......Page 176
3. Revealed Law and Hidden Law......Page 179
4. Evil in History......Page 181
5. Individual Retribution and Resurrection......Page 183
6. Conclusions......Page 186
9. The End of the World or the Transformation of History? Intertestamental Apocalyptic......Page 188
1. The Division of History into Periods......Page 190
2. The Reign of God with and without a Messiah......Page 194
3. The Final Conflagration and the Transformation of the World......Page 201
4. Life Beyond the End......Page 205
5. Future Salvation as Present Reality......Page 208
10. Apocalypticism in the Dead Sea Scrolls......Page 214
1. The Origin of Evil and the Dualistic Thought of the Sect......Page 218
2. The Periods of History and the Expectation of the End......Page 225
3. The Communion with the Heavenly World......Page 232
4. The Eschatological War......Page 239
5. Conclusion......Page 245
11. Iranian influences in Qumran?......Page 246
1. Methodological Premises......Page 247
2. The Dualism of the “Treatise of the Two Spirits”......Page 252
3. The Final Battle in the War Scroll......Page 256
C. HISTORY OF RESEARCH......Page 262
12. Fifty Years of Research on the Dead Sea Scrolls and Its Impact on Jewish Studies......Page 264
The Hebrew Bible......Page 276
The Greek Bible......Page 279
The Aramaic Bible......Page 280
Jewish Apocryphal and Pseudepigraphic Literature......Page 281
13. New Perspectives on the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls......Page 286
1. The Materials......Page 288
2. What We Already Knew......Page 295
3. What We do Not Know......Page 297
4. What the New Evidence adds......Page 300
1. The International Influence of His Research......Page 304
2. The Essene Nature of the Manuscripts......Page 309
3. The Origins of Christianity......Page 312
15. The Study of the Texts from Qumran: A Groningen Perspective......Page 316
1. The Study of the Scrolls in the Context of the Jewish Literature and History of the Second Temple Period......Page 318
2. The Philological and Historical-Critical Study of the Scrolls......Page 320
3. Production of Basic Research Tools......Page 322
4. The Scrolls in Academia......Page 323
Index of Modern Authors......Page 330
Index of Ancient Sources......Page 334