Arising from a series of laboratory class experiments developed by the authors, this book provides an overview of fundamental experiments that can be used to practically demonstrate the underlying principles of quantum physics and quantum information science. Designed with multiple readerships in mind, it will be essential for the professor who would like to recreate a similar suite of experiments for their students as well as students of physics, who would like to learn how such experiments are conducted. Computer scientists, photonics engineers and electrical engineers who would like to foray into quantum technologies would also find this narrative useful to learn about the terminology, key postulates of quantum physics, the collapse of states on measurement and how quantum computers could be implemented.
Key Features
- Accompanied by downloadable code and data from real experiments for readers to manipulate, plot and compute expectation values, errors and density matrices.
- Includes worked examples demonstrating basic calculations on computing probabilities from projective measurements, effect of unitary operators on states, computing density matrices, and expectation values, fidelities and purities.
- Features end-of-chapter problems
- Incorporates overviews and learning objectives for each chapter
- Essential reading for students of quantum physics and modern optics
Author(s): Muhammad Hamza Waseem, Faizan-e-Ilahi, Muhammad Sabieh Anwar
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 175
City: Bristol
PRELIMS.pdf
Preface
Acknowledgments
Author biographies
Muhammad Hamza Waseem
Faizan-e-Ilahi
Dr Muhammad Sabieh Anwar
Abbreviations
List of quantum optics experiments
CH001.pdf
Chapter 1 Introduction
References
CH002.pdf
Chapter 2 Classical nature of light
2.1 Electromagnetic waves
2.2 Polarization
2.2.1 The polarization ellipse
2.2.2 Polarization manipulation
2.2.3 Jones calculus
2.2.4 Stokes parameters
2.3 Experimental explorations
2.3.1 Light source and detection
2.3.2 Understanding, manipulating and measuring polarization using Jones calculus
2.3.3 Fourier analysis and peanut plots
2.3.4 Interference and erasure of which-way information
References
CH003.pdf
Chapter 3 Quantum nature of light
3.1 Quantum mechanical states
3.2 Qubits
3.3 Transforming quantum states
3.4 Measuring quantum states
3.5 Composite systems and entangled states
3.6 Mixed states and the density matrix
3.7 Photon statistics
References
CH004.pdf
Chapter 4 Experiments related to the quantum nature of light
4.1 General components of the lab
4.1.1 Light source
4.1.2 Light detection
4.1.3 Coincidence counting unit
4.2 Q1: Spontaneous parametric downconversion
4.2.1 The downconversion crystal and phase-matching
4.2.2 Optical alignment
4.2.3 Accidental coincidence counts
4.2.4 The experiment
4.3 Q2: proof of existence of photons
4.3.1 Photodetection and degree of second-order coherence
4.3.2 Accidental coincidences
4.3.3 The optical setup
4.3.4 The experiment
4.4 Q3: Estimating the polarization state of single photons
4.4.1 Reconstructing the single-photon polarization state
4.4.2 Generating and measuring polarization states
4.4.3 The experiment
4.5 Q4: Visualizing the polarization state of single photons
4.5.1 Antenna polarimetry and the polarization pattern method
4.5.2 Polarization pattern of single photons
4.5.3 The experiment
4.6 Q5: Single-photon interference and quantum eraser
4.6.1 The polarization interferometer and quantum erasure
4.6.2 Aligning the interferometer
4.6.3 The experiment
References
CH005.pdf
Chapter 5 Experiments related to entanglement and nonlocality
5.1 Entanglement and local realism
5.2 The proverbial Alice and Bob experiment
5.3 Generating polarization-entangled photons
5.4 NL1: Freedman’s test of local realism
5.4.1 Freedman’s inequality
5.4.2 Quantum mechanical prediction for Freedman’s test
5.4.3 Tuning the Bell state
5.4.4 The experiment
5.5 NL2: Hardy’s test of local realism
5.5.1 The Hardy inequality
5.5.2 Quantum mechanical prediction for Hardy’s test
5.5.3 The experimental setup
5.5.4 Aligning the detectors
5.5.5 Tuning the Hardy state
5.5.6 Measuring probabilities with four detectors
5.5.7 The experiment
5.6 NL3: CHSH test of local realism
5.6.1 The CHSH inequality
5.6.2 Quantum mechanical prediction for the CHSH test
5.6.3 Tuning the Bell state
5.6.4 The experiment
References
CH006.pdf
Chapter 6 Quantum state tomography
6.1 Qubits, Stokes parameters and tomography
6.1.1 The Bloch sphere for pure states
6.1.2 The Bloch sphere for density matrices
6.1.3 Stokes parameters as projections of the state on the Bloch sphere
6.2 Single-qubit tomography
6.3 Two-qubit tomography
6.4 Nonideal measurements and compensation of errors
6.5 Maximum likelihood estimation
6.6 The experiment
References
CH007.pdf
Chapter 7 Conclusion
References
APP1.pdf
Chapter
Optical elements
Mechanical elements
Actuators and controllers
Detection and coincidence counting unit
Testing of FPGA
Q1: Spontaneous parametric downconversion
Q2: Proof of existence of photons
Q3: Estimating the polarization state of single photons
Q4: Visualizing the polarization state of single photons
Q5: Single-photon interference and quantum eraser
NL1: Freedman’s test of local realism
NL2: Hardy’s test of local realism
NL3: CHSH test of local realism
QST: Quantum state tomography
APP2.pdf
Chapter
B.1 Introduction
B.2 Architecture
B.3 Configuring the FPGA
B.3.1 Designing the system
B.3.2 Implementing the design
APP3.pdf
Chapter
