Quantum Computing: From Alice to Bob provides a distinctive and accessible introduction to the rapidly growing fields of quantum information science and quantum computing. The textbook is designed for undergraduate students and upper-level secondary school students with little or no
background in physics, computer science, or mathematics beyond secondary school algebra and a bit of trigonometry. Higher education faculty members and secondary school mathematics, physics, and computer science educators who want to learn about quantum computing and perhaps teach a course accessible to students with wide-ranging backgrounds will also find the book useful and enjoyable.
While broadly accessible, the textbook also provides a solid conceptual and formal understanding of quantum states and entanglement - the key ingredients in quantum computing. The authors dish up a hearty meal for the readers, disentangling and explaining many of the classic quantum algorithms that demonstrate how and when QC has an advantage over classical computers. The book is spiced with Try Its, brief exercises that engage the readers in problem solving (both with and without mathematics) and help them digest the many counter-intuitive quantum information science and quantum computing concepts.
Author(s): Alice Flarend, Robert Hilborn
Edition: 1
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Commentary: Vector PDF
Pages: 336
City: Oxford, UK
Tags: Quantum Computing; Computer Science; Quantum Logic; Quantum Cryptography; Quantum Algorithms
Cover
Titlepage
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
1.1 Meet Alice, Bob, and Cardy
1.2 What's the Big Deal about Quantum Computing?
1.3 A Brief Preview
1.4 How to Use This Book: Encouragement and Coaching
Further Reading
2 Traditional Computing
2.1 Traditional Computing versus Quantum Computing
2.2 Binary Digits
2.3 Logic Gates and Truth Tables
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
3 Traditional Bits in New Clothing
3.1 Quick Review
3.2 State Symbols
3.3 State Vectors
3.4 Gates as Matrices
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
4 Qubits and Quantum States
4.1 What Is a Qubit?
4.2 What Is a Quantum State?
4.3 Quantum States and Quantum Computers
4.4 Quantum States and State Space
4.5 Polarized Light
4.6 Photons
4.7 Ordinary Vectors
4.8 Back to Polarized Light
4.9 Orthogonality of Two-State Vectors
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
5 Quantum Measurements
5.1 Quantum Measurements: What Are They?
5.2 Light Intensity from a Two-Polarizer Setup
5.3 State Amplitudes and Probabilities
5.4 State Preparation
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
Online videos
6 Quantum Gates and Quantum Circuits
6.1 What is a Quantum Gate?
6.2 Single-Qubit Quantum Gates
6.3 Successive Quantum Gates
6.4 Mathematical Interlude
6.5 Successive Application of the Same Quantum Gate
6.6 Measurement Devices are not Reversible
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
7 Putting a Spin on Spin
7.1 Quantum Spin Systems
7.2 Representations of Spin-1/2 Systems
7.3 Quantum Gates and Spin-1/2 Systems
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
8 Your Basis, My Basis
8.1 Taking Stock
8.2 Changing Basis States
8.3 Changing Quantum Basis States
8.4 Three Basis Sets: 0, 60, and -60
8.5 Dot and Inner Products of State Vectors
8.6 Spin-1/2 States
8.7 General Basis State Transformations
8.8 The Three-Polarizing-Sheets Experiment
8.9 A "Minus 1'' Mystery
8.10 Bennett–Brassard-84 Encryption Protocol
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
9 Multi-Qubit Systems, Entanglement, and Quantum Weirdness
9.1 Two-Qubit Quantum States
9.2 General Two-Qubit States
9.3 Two-Qubit Basis Vectors are Orthogonal
9.4 Single Qubits and Product States
9.5 Quantum Entanglement
9.6 Generalized Born Rule and Entanglement
9.7 Entanglement and the States of Just One of the Qubits
9.8 More on Entangled States
9.9 Changing Basis States for Two-Qubit States
9.10 Two Qubits and Three Measurement Bases
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
10 Quantum Circuits and Multi-Qubit Applications
10.1 Two-Qubit Gates
10.2 CNOT Gates
10.3 Quantum Circuits (Quantum Gate Arrays)
10.4 The Bell Circuit
10.5 The Reverse Bell Circuit
10.6 Entanglement Swapping
10.7 No-Cloning Theorem
10.8 Superdense Coding
10.9 Quantum State Teleportation
10.10 SWAP Gates
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
11 Quantum Computing Algorithms
11.1 Welcome to the Quantum Algorithm Zoo
11.2 The Deutsch Algorithm
11.3 Implementing Uf with Simple Quantum Gates
11.4 The Simon Search Algorithm
11.5 Multi-Qubit Hadamard Gates
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
12 More Quantum Algorithms
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Grover Search Algorithm
12.3 Error Correction
12.4 Quantum Computational Chemistry
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
13 RSA Encryption and the Shor Factoring Algorithm
13.1 RSA Encryption and Factoring
13.2 Number Theory Warm-Up
13.3 The RSA Algorithm
13.4 The Shor Factoring Algorithm
13.5 Connecting Periodic Functions and Factoring
13.6 Period Finding and Fourier Analysis
13.7 Quantum Fourier Analysis
13.8 Modular Exponentiation
13.9 Greatest Common Divisor
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
14 Fundamental Quantum Issues
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Bell's Theorem and Quantum Weirdness
14.3 The Measurement Problem
14.4 Measurement and Decoherence
14.5 The Relationship between Classical and Quantum Computing
14.6 Entanglement and Quantum Measurements
14.7 Entanglement and Correlations of Measurement Outcomes
14.8 Another Look at Averages in Quantum Mechanics
14.9 Where is h?
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
15 Complexifying Quantum States
15.1 Complex Numbers and Variables
15.2 Complex Exponentials
15.3 Quantum Fourier Transform
15.4 Relative Phases in Quantum States
15.5 The Bloch Sphere
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
16 Present and Future QIS and QC
16.1 QC and QIS Overview
16.2 Programming Quantum Computers
16.3 Physics of Qubits
16.4 Quantum Information Science and the Quantum Internet
16.5 Quantum Computing and Machine Learning
16.6 Alternative Quantum Computer Architectures
16.7 Ethical Issues
16.8 Preparing for Your Quantum Career
16.9 Grand Finale
Chapter Summary
Further Reading
Open-Access Resources
QIS and QC Overview
Programming Quantum Computers
Physics of Qubits
Quantum Internet
Alternative QC Architectures
Ethical Issues
Quantum Education
People in QIS and QC
Quantum Toolkit
Index
