As we enter the quantum era, new research on applying the rules of quantum physics to biology, which was previously considered impossible, has revolutionized our understanding and our concept of molecular and atomic particles behavior and their interactions.
This book is the first comprehensive review of the quantum biology of the visual system. Chapters discuss the relevance of quantum physics to the biological systems, especially in the visual system. The main purpose of this book is to simplify quantum biology concepts relevant to physiology of human eye and to help the reader understand the essentials of this new emerging, complex and anti-intuitive field of science. It offers a contemporary view of the emerging interplay between the biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology, and molecular and atomic particle quantum characteristics such as vibration, spin etc.
Quantum Biology of the Eye is an essential resource for Ophthalmologists, physicians, residents, fellows, all fields of visual science and medical students in ophthalmology, and other converging fields of science such as visual optics biochemists, psychology etc.
Author(s): Kambiz Thomas Moazed
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 180
City: Cham
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Quantum Physics
Discussion
What Is Quantum Physics?
Classical Physics Versus Quantum Physics
Characteristics of Quantum Physics
Specific Behavior of Quantum Physics
When Did It Start?
What is Quantum Biology? [27]
What Are Its Applications?
References
Chapter 2: Introduction to Quantum Biology
Discussion
When Did It Start?
Basic Information for Better Orientation
The Electron
Jablonski Diagram
Quantum Biology Tools
Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) Centers in Diamond
The Most Studied Fields of Quantum Biology
Photosynthesis in Plants
References
Chapter 3: Classic Biology of Human Eye
The Anatomy Highlights of the Eye
The Physiology of the Light Absorption in the Retina
The Visual Cycle
The Photoreceptors, the Rod Cells, the Cone Cells, and the Ganglion Cells
Activation of Rods and Cones
The Retinal Pigment Epithelium
The Bipolar Cell’s Function
Activation of Bipolar Cells
The Amacrine Cells
The Horizontal Cells
The Ganglion Cells
Activation of Ganglion Cells
Visual Phototransduction Steps
More Related Interesting Articles
References
Chapter 4: Quantum Retina
Discussions
Radiation and Human Eye
Rhodopsin
Atomic Orbitals
Molecular Orbitals
Binding Orbitals Categories
Energy Level
Radiative Decay
Non-radiative Decay
Nuclear Response
Carbon
Lysine (C6H14N2O2)
From (E) to (Z) Isomerization
Isomerization
Time Fractions in Isomerization of 11-cis Retinal
Femto Scale
Femto Chemistry of Rhodopsin
References
Chapter 5: Magnetoreception
Earth Magnetic Field (EMF)
References
Chapter 6: Quantum Biology of Circadian Rhythms
Important notes for clarification
Discussions
Clock Genes and Signal Transduction Proteins
Molecular Effect
List of Neurotransmitters Involved in Circadian Cycles
List of Hormones Involved in Circadian Cycles
Light Exposure
Small Molecules and Drugs
Transcriptional-Translational Feedback Loops (TTFLs)
Light Entrainment
Pupillary Reflexes
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
Circadian Clock Networks:
Cellular Transcription-Translation Feedback Loop (TTFL)
The Molecular Interplay in Circadian Cycles
The Brain and Circadian Rhythms
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: The Quantum Biology of Consciousness and Visual Perception
Recent studies on primates suggests that various visual cognitive functions exhibit slow rhythmic effects on task performance, which would be supported by low-frequency brain oscillations mainly in the 4–8 Hz frequency range. Alpha brain oscillations (8
Neurons
Synaptic Connections
Mitochondrion (Mitochondria = Plural)
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complexes (Fig. 7.4)
Oxygen and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Radical Pair Mechanism (RPM)
Singlet Oxygen: (1O2)
Triplet Oxygen: (3O2) [13]
Microtubules
Functional Architecture of Microtubules in Neurons
Quantum Biology of Microtubules
Microtubules Energy Transfer
Microtubules, Mitochondria ROS and Biophotons Interactions
Conditions Associated with Microtubule Abnormalities
Microtubule-Binding Core of the Tau Protein:
Biophoton or Ultraweak Photon Emission (UPE)
The Müller Cells
Retinal Müller Cells as Living Optical Fibers
Müller Cell Intermediate Filaments (IFs) and Quantum Mechanism of Light Energy Transfer in the Retina
Tryptophan
Properties of Consciousness
Quantum Phenomena
Quantum Coherence
Quantum Superposition
Quantum Tunnelling
Quantum Entanglement
Magnetic Field Effect and Entanglement
Altered States of Consciousness
Vibrational Effect
The Three-Wave Processing
Anesthetic Action and Quantum Consciousness
Microtubules and “Orch OR”
The Quantum Brain
Quantum Effects in the Brain
Nuclear Spin and the Brain
The Posner Molecule
Brain Wide Web Collective Excitation of Neurons (World Wide Web Concept)
The Quantum Vision
Human Perception as a Phenomenon of Quantization
The Role of Symmetry in Biology and Consciousness
References
Addendum
Quantum Biology Awareness Survey
Material and Methods
Index
