"Quantitative and Statistical Research Methods offers a guide for psychology, counseling, and education students in the use of statistics and research designs, combined with guidance on using SPSS in the course of their research. Each chapter covers a research problem, taking the student through identifying research questions and hypotheses; identifying, classifying, and operationally defining the study variables; choosing appropriate research designs; conducting power analysis; choosing an appropriate statistic for the problem; using a data set; conducting data screening and analyses (SPSS); interpreting the statistics; and writing the results related to the problem. Designed so students will know how to plan research and conduct statistical analyses using several different procedures"-- Read more...
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Tables and Figures ix <
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Preface xvii <
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The Authors xix <
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Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview 1 <
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Review of Foundational Research Concepts 3 <
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Review of Foundational Statistical Information 6 <
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The Normal Distribution 14 <
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Chapter 2 Logical Steps of Conducting Quantitative Research: Hypothesis-Testing Process 29 <
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Hypothesis-Testing Process 30 <
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Chapter 3 Maximizing Hypothesis Decisions Using Power Analysis 39 <
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Balance between Avoiding Type I and Type II Errors 41 <
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Chapter 4 Research and Statistical Designs 53 <
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Formulating Experimental Conditions 54 <
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Reducing the Imprecision in Measurement 55 <
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Controlling Extraneous Experimental Influences 57 <
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Internal Validity and Experimental Designs 59 <
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Choosing a Statistic to Use for an Analysis 67 <
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Chapter 5 Introduction to IBM SPSS 20 77 <
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The IBM SPSS 20 Data View Screen 80 <
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Naming and Defining Variables in Variable View 80 <
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Entering Data 86 <
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Examples of Basic Analyses 87 <
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Examples of Modifying Data Procedures 96 <
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Chapter 6 Diagnosing Study Data for Inaccuracies and Assumptions 99 <
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Research Example 100 <
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Chapter 7 Randomized Design Comparing Two Treatments and a Control Using a One-Way Analysis of Variance 129 <
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Research Problem 130 <
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Study Variables 131 <
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Research Design 133 <
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Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question 135 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 136 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) 137 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power 138 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 143 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 144 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals 162 <
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Formula Calculations of the Study Results 166 <
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Chapter 8 Repeated-Treatment Design Using a Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance 183 <
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Research Problem 184 <
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Study Variables 185 <
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Research Design 186 <
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Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question 189 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 190 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) 191 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power 192 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 195 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 196 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals 216 <
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Formula Calculations of the Study Results 218 <
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Chapter 9 Randomized Factorial Experimental Design Using a Factorial ANOVA 231 <
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Research Problem 232 <
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Study Variables 232 <
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Research Design 233 <
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Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Questions 237 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 238 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) 240 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power 241 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 247 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 248 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals 271 <
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Formula Calculations of the Study Results 278 <
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Chapter 10 Analysis of Covariance 297 <
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Research Problem 298 <
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Study Variables 299 <
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Research Design 300 <
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Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question 301 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 301 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) 302 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power 302 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 306 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 307 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals 324 <
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Formula ANCOVA Calculations of the Study Results 327 <
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ANCOVA Study Results 339 <
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Chapter 11 Randomized Control Group and Repeated-Treatment Designs and Nonparametics 345 <
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Research Problem 346 <
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Study Variables 346 <
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Research Design 347 <
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Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question 349 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 349 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) 350 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power 350 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 354 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 355 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes 370 <
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Formula Calculations 376 <
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Nonparametric Research Problem Two: Friedman s Rank Test for Correlated Samples and Wilcoxon s Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test 382 <
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Chapter 12 Bivariate and Multivariate Correlation Methods Using Multiple Regression Analysis 401 <
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Research Problem 402 <
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Study Variables 402 <
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Research Method 403 <
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Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question 405 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 405 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) 406 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power 406 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 407 <
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Hypothesis Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 407 <
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Hand Calculations of Statistics 423 <
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Chapter 13 Understanding Quantitative Literature and Research 439 <
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Interpretation of a Quantitative Research Article 440 <
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References 461 <
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Index 465
