Public Service Evolution in the 15 Post-Soviet Countries: Diversity in Transformation

Foreword
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Boxes
1 30 Years of Transformation: A Comparative Assessment
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Perspectives on Transformation in the Post-Soviet Countries
1.3 The Fifteen Countries Performance Seen Through Development Indices
1.4 Governance and Public Administration Reform
1.5 Public Service Reform
1.6 Conclusions
References
2 Public Service Reform in the Republic of Armenia: Challenges and Lessons Learnt
2.1 Overview
2.2 Introduction
2.3 Political, Economic, and Social Context
2.4 Public Service Evolution
2.5 Civil Service Reform
2.6 Key Problems and Future Prospects/Conclusions
Reference
3 Civil Service Reform in the Republic of Azerbaijan
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Political, Historical and Socio-Economic Conditions
3.3 Analysis of the Current Situation of the Civil Service System
3.4 Main Directions of Reforms and Expectations
3.5 Conclusions
References
4 Reform of the Civil Service in the Republic of Belarus: Insights and Challenges
4.1 General Overview of the Country
4.2 Historical Development of Belarus
4.3 Political, Administrative, and Economic Aspects
4.3.1 Executive Power
4.3.2 Legislative Power
4.3.3 Judicial Power
4.3.4 Administrative-Territorial Division
4.3.5 Local Government and Self-Government
4.3.6 Economic Matters
4.3.7 Belarus Rankings in International Indices
4.3.8 State Budget Matters
4.4 Public Service Delivery Reform
4.5 Civil Service Development
4.5.1 General Information
4.5.2 Features of the Organisation of the Civil Service
4.5.3 Levels of Organisation of the Civil Service and the Rights and Obligations of Employees
4.6 Prospects and Plans for the Future
5 Public Service Development in Estonia: From Patronage to Meritocracy
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Political, Social, and Economic Context
5.3 Public Service Reforms
5.3.1 Immediate Post-Communist Transition
5.3.2 The Establishment of the Meritocratic Public Service
5.3.3 Public Service Reform in 2012
5.4 People Management in the Estonian Public Service
5.4.1 Rewards
5.4.2 Competence and Requirements
5.4.3 Loyalty and Responsibility
5.4.4 Top Civil Servants
5.5 Outstanding Issues and Future Challenges: The Sustainability of Meritocracy
5.6 Conclusion
References
6 Georgian Civil Service Since Regaining Independence
6.1 General Description of the Country
6.2 Political, Economic, and Social Context
6.3 Public Administration Reform
6.3.1 Policy Development and Coordination
6.3.2 Accountability
6.3.3 Provision of State Services
6.3.4 Public Finance Management
6.3.5 Local Self-Government
6.4 Civil Service Reform
6.4.1 Scope of the Civil Service
6.5 Future Plans
6.6 Conclusions
References
7 Kazakhstan: Progress and Its Paradoxes
7.1 General Overview of the Country
7.2 Introduction
7.3 Political, Economic, and Social Context
7.4 Evolutionary Development of Public Service in Kazakhstan
7.4.1 1991–1995: Adaptation to New Realities
7.4.2 1995–1999: Development of a Conceptual and Legal Framework for the Professionalisation of the Civil Service
7.4.3 2000–2006: Start of the Implementation of a New Civil Service Model
7.4.4 2007–2011: Shifting the Focus to Public Service Delivery
7.4.5 2012–to Date: Next Wave of Civil Service Professionalisation
7.5 Conclusions
Appendix 7.1: Stages of Public Service Reform in Kazakhstan
References
8 Civil Service Reform in Kyrgyzstan: Challenges and Threats
8.1 Introduction/Country Overview
8.2 Political, Economic, and Social Context
8.3 Civil Service Reform
8.4 Conclusions
References
9 Latvia: Designing Reforms, Understanding Change, and Anticipating Hope
9.1 General Overview of the Country
9.2 Political, Economic, and Social Context
9.3 Public Administration Profile
9.4 Reform Initiatives
9.5 Civil Service Reform
9.5.1 Politico-Administrative Relations
9.5.2 Ethical Infrastructure
9.5.3 Training and Development
9.5.4 Remuneration and Performance Appraisal
9.5.5 Human Resources Management
9.6 Outstanding Issues and Future Plans
References
10 Lithuanian Civil Service Reform 1990–2018: From the Communist Legacy to a Professional Administration
10.1 General Description of the Country
10.2 Introduction
10.3 Political, Administrative, and Socio-Economic Context
10.3.1 The Current Political System and Its Development from Independence to Date
10.3.2 Evolution of the Administrative System and the Initiatives of Public Administration Reforms
10.3.3 Main Indicators on the Performance of the Lithuanian Government and Public Administration
10.4 Civil Service Reform in Lithuania (1990–2018)
10.4.1 Legacy of the Soviet Bureaucracy
10.4.2 Transition to Modern Administration (1990–1996)
10.4.2.1 Stop-Gap Approach to Change During Early Transition
10.4.2.2 Politicisation of the Lithuanian Government and Administration
10.4.2.3 Establishment of the Lithuanian Civil Service
10.4.3 Creation of a Professional Civil Service During Accession to the EU (1997–2004)
10.4.3.1 Establishment of a Career-Based Civil Service System
10.4.3.2 Modification of the Civil Service Legislation
10.4.3.3 Establishment of the Civil Service Department
10.4.3.4 Strengthening Administrative and Institutional Capacities of Public Administration During the Pre-accession Period
10.4.3.5 Management and Politicisation of Senior Civil Servants
10.4.4 Development of the Civil Service After EU Membership (2004–2018)
10.4.4.1 Incremental Civil Service Reform in 2012
10.4.4.2 Incremental Civil Service Reform in 2018
10.4.4.3 ESF Support to Civil Service Development during Programming Periods 2007–2013 and 2014–2020
10.4.4.4 Management and Politicisation of Senior Civil Servants during Post-Accession
10.4.5 Most Important Achievement of Civil Service Reforms to Date
10.4.5.1 The Results of Civil Service Reforms in the Country
10.4.5.2 Performance of the Lithuanian Civil Service System
10.5 Future Plans and Outstanding Issues in the Field of Public Administration and Civil Service
10.5.1 Political Agenda of the 2016–2020 Lithuanian Government
10.5.2 Implementation of the 2018 Civil Service Law
10.5.3 Main Gaps in Lithuania’s Civil Service Policy
10.6 Conclusions and Lessons Learnt
References
11 Transition of the Civil Service System in the Republic of Moldova
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Political, Economic, and Social Context
11.2.1 Political System
11.2.2 The Executive
11.2.3 The Legislative
11.2.4 The Judiciary
11.2.5 The Administrative System
11.2.6 Economic Context
11.3 Public Administration Reform
11.4 Civil Service Reform
11.4.1 Stages of Reform
11.4.2 Current Situation of Public Service
11.5 Vision and Future Plans/Conclusions
12 Evolution of Public Administration in the Russian Federation
12.1 Country Overview
12.1.1 Culture
12.1.2 Research and Development
12.1.3 Fundamental Principles of Government
12.2 Social, Economic, and Political Context of the Russian Federation
12.2.1 Institutions of State Power of the Russian Federation
12.2.2 Federation and Federal Law
12.3 Administrative Transformation and Milestones of Administrative Reform
12.4 Civil Service Reform in the Russian Federation
12.4.1 System of Civil Service of the Russian Federation
12.4.2 Legal Framework of Civil Service in the Russian Federation
12.4.3 Headcount of Civil Servants in State Bodies of the Russian Federation
12.4.4 System of Administration of Civil Service of the Russian Federation
12.4.5 Personnel Management Policy in the System of Civil Service of the Russian Federation
12.4.6 Training
12.4.7 System of Material Incentives for Civil Servants in the Russian Federation
12.4.8 Ethical Aspects of Civil Service and Prevention of Corruption
12.5 Unsolved Issues and Plans for the Future
12.6 Conclusions
Appendix 12.1 Civil Service Regulations
References
13 Tajikistan: Civil Service and Public Administration Reforms in the Years of Independence
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Historical, Political, Economic, and Social Context
13.3 Civil Service Development
13.4 Public Administration Reform and Basic Principles of Civil Service
13.5 Prospects for Public Administration Reform in the Republic of Tajikistan
References
14 Formulation and Development of the State Service of Turkmenistan
14.1 Overview
14.2 Political, Administrative, and Economic Context
14.3 State Service
14.4 Conclusions
References
15 Civil Service Reform in Ukraine
15.1 General Overview
15.2 Introduction
15.3 Political, Economic, and Social Context
15.3.1 The Parliament of Ukraine
15.3.2 The President of Ukraine
15.3.3 The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
15.3.4 The Judiciary in Ukraine
15.3.5 Administrative and Territorial Structure of Ukraine
15.3.6 National Economy
15.3.7 Public Administration Reform
15.3.8 Electronic Governance
15.3.9 Administrative Services Delivery
15.4 Civil Service Reform
15.4.1 Creation of Institutional Structural Units for Human Resources Management
15.4.2 Reform-Oriented Staff Positions
15.4.3 Reform of the Remuneration System for Civil Servants
15.4.4 Optimisation of the Number of Civil Servants in the System of Government Authorities
15.4.5 Creation of an Integrated HRMIS for the Civil Service
15.4.6 Reform of the Professional Training System for Civil Servants
15.5 Unresolved Issues and Future Plans/Conclusions
References
16 Uzbekistan: Long Awaited Transformation of Civil Service—Paradigm Shift or Hot Air?
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Political, Economic and Social Context
16.3 Public Administration Reform
16.4 Civil Service Reform
16.5 Challenges, Trajectories and Trends
16.5.1 Covid-19
References
Index