Professional Issues in Nursing; Challenges and Opportunities

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
CONTRIBUTORS
REVIEWERS
PREFACE
ORGANIZATION AND FEATURES
NEW TO THIS EDITION
TEACHING/LEARNING RESOURCES
CONTENTS
Unit 1: Furthering the Profession
Chapter 1: Entry Into Practice: The Debate Rages On
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
PROLIFERATION OF ADN EDUCATION
LICENSURE AND ENTRY INTO PRACTICE
EDUCATIONAL LEVELS AND PATIENT OUTCOMES
EMPLOYERS’ VIEWS AND PREFERENCES
SHIFTING HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SITES AND REQUIRED COMPETENCIES
ENTRY LEVEL AND PROFESSIONAL STATUS
THE 2-YEAR ADN PROGRAM?
SHORTAGES AND ENTRY-LEVEL REQUIREMENTS
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, UNIONS, AND ADVISORY BODIES SPEAK OUT
GRANDFATHERING ENTRY LEVELS
LINKING ADN AND BSN PROGRAMS
AN INTERNATIONAL ISSUE
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 2: Evidence-Based Practice
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
WHAT IS EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE?
WHY, WHEN, AND WHERE IS EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE USED?
FINDING EVIDENCE TO ANSWER NURSING QUESTIONS
SUPPORTING EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES: STRATEGIES FOR CHANGING PRACTICE
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 3: Developing Effective Leaders to Meet 21st Century Health Care Challenges
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
TODAY’S HEALTH CARE: IN CRITICAL CONDITION
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE LEADERS
MODELS OF LEADERSHIP FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 4: Using Simulation to Teach Nurses
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
THE EMERGENCE OF HIGH-FIDELITY PATIENT SIMULATORS
CAPABILITIES OF PATIENT SIMULATORS
SIMULATION AND HEALTH CARE QUALITY
BENEFITS OF SIMULATION
DISADVANTAGES OF SIMULATION
SIMULATION FOR PRACTICE SETTINGS
RESEARCH ON SIMULATION OUTCOMES
REGULATORY TRENDS RECOGNIZE THE VALUE OF SIMULATIONS
SIMULATION IN CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR NURSES
DEVELOPING A SIMULATION CENTER
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Unit 2: Workforce Issues
Chapter 5: The Current Nursing Shortage: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
THE DEMAND
THE SUPPLY
ROOTS OF THE SHORTAGE
THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE SHORTAGE
ADDITIONAL STRATEGIES FOR SOLVING THE SHORTAGE
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 6: Importing Foreign Nurses
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GLOBAL MIGRATION OF NURSES: “PUSH” AND “PULL” FACTORS
THE EFFECT OF GLOBAL MIGRATION ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
GLOBAL NURSE RECRUITMENT AND MIGRATION AS AN ETHICAL ISSUE
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS RESPOND
THE MISTREATMENT OF FOREIGN NURSES
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ADDRESSES THE PROBLEM
ENSURING COMPETENCY OF FOREIGN NURSES COMMISSION ON GRADUATES OF FOREIGN NURSING SCHOOLS AND THE NCLEX-RN EXAMINATION
ASSIMILATING THE FOREIGN NURSE THROUGH SOCIALIZATION
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 7: Unlicensed Assistive Personnel and the Registered Nurse
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
MOTIVATION TO USE UAP
EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR UAP
UAP SCOPE OF PRACTICE
UAP AND PATIENT OUTCOMES
RN LIABILITY FOR SUPERVISION AND DELEGATION OF UAP
RNS WORKING AS UAP: A LIABILITY ISSUE
CREATING A SAFE WORK ENVIRONMENT
THE UAP SHORTAGE
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 8: Socialization and Mentoring
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
SOCIALIZATION: ROLES, SKILLS, VALUES, AND CHANGE
SOCIALIZATION AND MENTORING: EMPOWERMENT
CREATING A SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR SOCIALIZATION AND RESOCIALIZATION
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 9: Diversity in the Nursing Workforce
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
ETHNIC DIVERSITY
GENDER DIVERSITY
GENERATIONAL DIVERSITY IN NURSING
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS SPEAK OUT
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 10: New Graduate RN Transition to Practice Programs (Nurse Residencies)
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
THE CONCEPT OF TRANSITION TO PRACTICE PROGRAMS
NATIONAL CALL FOR TRANSITION TO PRACTICE PROGRAMS
THE HIRING DILEMMA OF NEW GRADUATES—UNANTICIPATED FALLOUT FROM THE NATION’S ECONOMIC RECESSION
THE CALIFORNIA STORY—A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
QSEN COMPETENCIES
SCHOOL-BASED TRANSITION TO PRACTICE PROGRAMS
THE FUTURE OF TRANSITION TO PRACTICE PROGRAMS AND ISSUES WITH SUSTAINABILITY
CHALLENGES AND THREATS
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Unit 3: Workplace Issues
Chapter 11: Mandatory Minimum Staffing Ratios: Are They Working?
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
STAFFING RATIOS AND PATIENT OUTCOMES
ARE MANDATORY MINIMUM STAFFING RATIOS NEEDED?
CALIFORNIA AS THE PROTOTYPE FOR MANDATORY MINIMUM STAFFING RATIOS
SIMILAR INITIATIVES IN OTHER U.S. STATES
OTHER ALTERNATIVES
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 12: Mandatory Overtime in Nursing: How Much? How Often?
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
MANDATORY OVERTIME AS A WAY OF LIFE IN THE UNITED STATES
LEGISLATING MANDATORY OVERTIME
THE CONSEQUENCES OF MANDATORY OVERTIME
PROFESSIONAL DUTY AND CONSCIENCE
PATIENT ABANDONMENT
UNIONS AND MANDATORY OVERTIME
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 13: Violence in Nursing: The Expectations and the Reality
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
WHAT IS VIOLENCE IN NURSING?
TERMINOLOGY
THEORY
SPECIALIZED AREAS OF RESEARCH
WHAT TYPES OF VIOLENCE DO NURSES EXPERIENCE?
WHO ARE THE VICTIMS?
ADDRESSING VIOLENCE IN NURSING
GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO WORKPLACE VIOLENCE
NURSES LEGISLATION
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS
ORGANIZATIONAL APPROACH
RESEARCH INTO WORKPLACE VIOLENCE
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 14: Technology in the Health Care Workplace: Benefits, Limitations, and Challenges
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTH CARE
IS TECHNOLOGY WORTH THE COSTS?
TELEHEALTH AND TELENURSING
THE INTERNET AND HEALTH CARE
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 15: Medical Errors: An Ongoing Threat to Quality Health Care
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
DEFINING TERMS: MEDICAL ERRORS, MEDICATION ERRORS, AND ADVERSE EVENTS
SEMINAL RESEARCH ON MEDICAL ERRORS: 1990 TO 2000
WORKING TO ACHIEVE THE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE GOALS
CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH ON MEDICAL ERRORS
CREATING A CULTURE OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Unit 4: Legal and Ethical Issues
Chapter 16: Whistle-Blowing in Nursing
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GROUPTHINK AND WHISTLE-BLOWING
EXAMPLES OF WHISTLE-BLOWING IN NURSING
CULTURAL BACKGROUND AND WHISTLE-BLOWING
THE PERSONAL RISKS OF WHISTLE-BLOWING
ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF WHISTLE-BLOWING
WHISTLE-BLOWING AS A FAILURE OF ORGANIZATIONAL ETHICS
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR WHISTLE-BLOWERS
WHISTLE-BLOWING AS AN INTERNATIONAL ISSUE
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 17: Impaired Nursing Practice: What Are We Doing About It?
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
PREVALENCE OF THE PROBLEM
OVERVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
HOW CAN WE STOP LOSING NURSES TO SUBSTANCE ABUSE?
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 18: Collective Bargaining and the Professional Nurse
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF UNIONIZATION IN THE UNITED STATES
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF UNIONIZATION IN NURSING
UNIONS REPRESENTING NURSES
MOTIVATION TO JOIN UNIONS
REASONS NOT TO JOIN UNIONS
ELIGIBILITY FOR UNION MEMBERSHIP
ORGANIZING A UNION AND SEEKING REPRESENTATION
LABOR–MANAGEMENT RELATIONSHIPS
AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
NURSES AND STRIKES
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 19: Assuring Provider Competence Through Licensure, Continuing Education, and Certification
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
DEFINING COMPETENCE
PROFESSIONAL LICENSURE
CONTINUING EDUCATION
CERTIFICATION
REFLECTIVE PRACTICE
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPETENCE ASSESSMENT IN NURSING?
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Unit 5: Professional Power
Chapter 20: The Nursing Profession’s Historic Struggle to Increase Its Power Base
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO POWERLESSNESS IN NURSING
DRIVING FORCES TO INCREASE NURSING’S POWER BASE
ACTION PLAN FOR THE FUTURE
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 21: Professional Identity and Image
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
NURSING STEREOTYPES
CONTEMPORARY NURSING STEREOTYPES ON TELEVISION
THE IMAGE OF NURSING ON THE INTERNET
HOW INGRAINED ARE NURSING STEREOTYPES?
THE CENTER FOR NURSING ADVOCACY AND TRUTH ABOUT NURSING
CONSEQUENCES OF INACCURATE OR NEGATIVE IMAGES
CHANGING NURSING’S IMAGE IN THE PUBLIC EYE
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 22: Advanced Practice Nursing: The Latest Issues and Trends
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
ROLE DEFINITION
BACKGROUND OF ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING IN THE UNITED STATES
THE DOCTOR OF NURSING PRACTICE
THE CLINICAL NURSE LEADER
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 23: Nursing, Policy, and Politics: Understanding the Connection and Importance of Getting Involved
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
DEFINING POLITICS AND POLICY
FEDERAL POLICY
POLICIES AND VALUES
CONCEPTUALIZING POLITICS AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT
TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY NURSING LEADERS: POLICY AND POLITICS
HEALTH INSURANCE: THEN AND NOW
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 24: Nursing’s Professional Associations
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
THE PUBLIC AND PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
THE GROWTH OF PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
THE FORMATION AND WORK OF NURSING’S EARLY PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
SHAPING THE NURSING PROFESSION
DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALTY NURSING PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
THE VITAL ROLE OF MEMBERS
THE ORGANIZATION OF AN ASSOCIATION
CHALLENGES FOR CONTEMPORARY PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS IN NURSING
THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE FUTURE
CONCLUSIONS
FOR ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX