Lorentz and CPT invariance is a feature of the Standard Model of particle physics and of theories of gravity such as Einstein's general relativity. However, an underlying theory such as strings may introduce small violations of Lorentz and CPT symmetry. This book consists of reviews from about 50 experts in the field, covering theoretical and experimental studies of these relativity-violating effects. It comprises the Proceedings of the Third Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, held at Indiana University in Bloomington.The Meeting focused on recent developments involving fundamental spacetime symmetries and included theoretical scenarios and experimental searches for possible relativity violations. Experimental subjects covered include resonant-cavity and interferometric behavior of photons, oscillations of neutrinos and neutral mesons, clock-comparison measurements on the Earth and in space, astrophysical observations, tests with macroscopic matter, spectroscopy of hydrogen and antihydrogen, studies of particle properties and behavior, and gravitational tests. Theoretical topics covered include physical effects at the level of the Standard Model and beyond, the possible origins and mechanisms for Lorentz and CPT violations, and associated issues in particle physics, field theory, gravity, and string theory
Author(s): V. Alan Kostelecky
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Year: 2005
Language: English
Pages: 347
CONTENTS......Page 8
Preface......Page 6
1. Nielsen anomaly......Page 12
2. Breaking of Lorentz Symmetries......Page 14
3. Quasiparticles as classical objectsd......Page 16
4. Speculative Remarks......Page 19
References......Page 21
1. Introduction......Page 22
3. 129Xe/3He maser test of CPT and Lorentz symmetry......Page 23
4. Hydrogen maser test of CPT and Lorentz symmetry......Page 26
References......Page 29
1. Introduction......Page 31
2. Ongoing experiments with cryogenic sapphire oscillators at the Paris Observatory......Page 32
3. New high precision rotating experiment at UWA......Page 33
4. Proposals to improve limits on odd parity and scalar parameters of the SME......Page 37
References......Page 39
1. Introduction......Page 40
2. Framework......Page 41
3. Features......Page 43
4.2. Vector models......Page 45
4.3. The bicycle model......Page 46
5. Short baseline experiments......Page 47
References......Page 48
ATHENA – First Production of Cold Antihydrogen and Beyond A. Kellerbauer et al.......Page 49
2. Setup and principle......Page 50
3.2. Recombination process......Page 54
4. Antihydrogen spectroscopy within the framework of the Standard-Model Extension......Page 56
5. Conclusions and outlook......Page 57
References......Page 58
1. Introduction......Page 59
1.1. Methods of phenomenological generalizations of dynamical equations......Page 60
1.2. Comparison with kinematical test theories for Lorentz invariance......Page 61
2. The generalized Maxwell equations......Page 62
3. Radiation effects......Page 63
4. Electromagnetostatics......Page 65
References......Page 67
1. Introduction......Page 68
2.1. The K magnetometer......Page 69
2.2. Coupled spin ensembles......Page 70
3.1. Co-magnetometer setup......Page 72
3.2. Zeroing Fields and Lightshifts......Page 74
3.3. Calibrating the co-magnetometer......Page 76
3.4. Suppressing systematic effects......Page 77
4. Gyroscopic effects......Page 78
6. Conclusions......Page 80
References......Page 81
1. Introduction......Page 82
2. Framework......Page 83
3. Spontaneous and Explicit Lorentz Violation......Page 84
4. Low-Energy Effective Action......Page 86
5. Summary......Page 88
References......Page 89
2. Results......Page 91
3. Upcoming Eot-Wash Group results......Page 92
Acknowledgments......Page 93
1. Atmospheric Neutrinos......Page 95
3. Atmospheric neutrinos in Super–Kamiokande......Page 96
4.1. Allowing different parameters for neutrinos and antineutrinos......Page 97
4.2. Deviations from L/E behavior......Page 99
4.3. Bicycle Model......Page 100
5. Summary......Page 101
References......Page 102
2. Experimental setup......Page 103
3. Data analysis and results......Page 106
4. Next generation experiments......Page 108
References......Page 111
1. Introduction......Page 112
2. Precise Interplanetary Navigation......Page 113
3. Direct measurement of scattering phase shifts......Page 114
References......Page 115
1. Introduction......Page 116
2. General arguments......Page 117
3. Specific cosmological model......Page 118
4. Effects in the scalar sector......Page 121
5. Effects in the scalar-coupled sector......Page 122
6. Summary......Page 123
References......Page 124
1. Introduction......Page 126
2. Gravity Probe B Payload and Satellite......Page 127
3. Initial On-Orbit Operations......Page 129
References......Page 134
Asymptotically Free Lorentz-Violating Field Theories B. Altschul......Page 135
References......Page 143
1. Introduction......Page 144
2. The Spin Pendulum......Page 145
3. Torsion Balance Apparatus......Page 148
4. Data and Analysis......Page 149
Acknowledgments......Page 150
References......Page 151
1. Introduction......Page 152
3. Photon Experiments......Page 154
4. Atomic Experiments......Page 155
4.1. Penning-Trap Experiments......Page 156
4.3. Hydrogen-Antihydrogen Experiments......Page 157
4.4. Spin-Polarized Matter......Page 158
References......Page 159
1. The LSND signal for Neutrino Oscillations......Page 161
2. Short-Baseline Approximation......Page 162
3. Sidereal Time Distribution of the LSND Data......Page 163
4. Fits to Determine Allowed Values of SME Parameters......Page 164
References......Page 169
1. Three-Neutrino Oscillations......Page 170
2. Constraints on non-standard interactions......Page 173
3.2. Constraints on Lorentz Violation......Page 174
References......Page 175
1. Introduction......Page 176
2. Quark-flavor oscillations in the B0 system......Page 177
3. Sidereal-time modulation of CPT-violating effects......Page 179
4. The experimental setup......Page 180
5. Results with fully reconstructed B decays......Page 181
7. Summary......Page 184
References......Page 185
1. Introduction......Page 186
3. Slow Light......Page 187
4. The Experiment......Page 192
5. Conclusion......Page 193
References......Page 194
1. Tests of Special Relativity and Kinematic Test Theories......Page 195
2. Time Dilation via the Relativistic Doppler Effect......Page 196
3. The Heidelberg Storage Ring Experiment......Page 197
3.1. New Developments......Page 201
3.2. The Future: Faster Ions......Page 202
References......Page 203
2. Background......Page 204
3. Ground Based Measurements......Page 206
4. Space Based Measurements......Page 209
Acknowledgments......Page 210
References......Page 211
1. Introduction......Page 212
2. Overview of Loop Quantum Gravity......Page 214
3. Effects of Preferential Frame Granularity on the Propagation of Free Matter Fields......Page 216
4. Effects of interactions......Page 218
5. Conclusion......Page 220
References......Page 221
1. The Cerenkov effect in the MCS model......Page 222
2. Conditions for the emission of Cerenkov radiation......Page 224
3. Calculation of the emission rate......Page 225
5. Phase space estimate......Page 228
6. Conclusions......Page 229
References......Page 230
1. Introduction......Page 231
3. Laser spectroscopy......Page 233
5. Future prospects......Page 236
Acknowledgments......Page 237
References......Page 238
1. Introduction......Page 239
2. CPT violation in the right-handed neutrino sector......Page 240
3. Electrophobic LIV in the Right-Handed Neutrino Sector......Page 241
Constraints from the atmospheric neutrino data:......Page 243
Constraints from supernova neutrinosr......Page 244
References......Page 245
1. Introduction......Page 246
2. The minimal Standard-Model Extension......Page 248
3.1. The CPT-even antisymmetric coefficients......Page 249
3.2. Redefinitions and the symmetric coefficients......Page 251
4. The CPT-odd coefficient......Page 253
References......Page 254
1. Introduction......Page 255
2. Lorentz violation in the photon sector......Page 256
Non-Lagrangian terms......Page 257
3. Lorentz violation in the electron sector......Page 258
Acknowledgments......Page 260
References......Page 261
1. Introduction......Page 262
2. Model for Oscillations due to Lorentz Invariance Violation and CPT Violation......Page 263
3.1. Atmospheric Neutrinos......Page 264
3.2. Beam Neutrinos......Page 266
References......Page 268
2. Basics......Page 269
3. SME Predictions......Page 271
5. Summary......Page 273
References......Page 274
2. Notation and Framework......Page 275
3. Single particle systems......Page 276
4. Classical gas......Page 277
5. Quantum Gas - Fermions......Page 278
6. Quantum gas - Bosons......Page 279
References......Page 280
A Laboratory Free-Fall Test of the Equivalence Principle - POEM R.D. Reasenberg and J.D. Phillips......Page 281
References......Page 287
1. Why local gauge invariance?......Page 288
2. Goldstone photons......Page 289
3. Goldstone gravitons......Page 290
5. Outlook......Page 291
References......Page 292
1. Introduction......Page 293
3. Electromagnetostatics......Page 294
4. Applications......Page 295
5. Experiment......Page 296
References......Page 297
1. Introduction......Page 299
2. Superspace......Page 301
3. Lorentz Violation......Page 302
References......Page 304
Searching for CPT Violation and Missing Energy in Positronium Annihilation P.A. Vetter......Page 305
References......Page 309
1. Introduction......Page 311
2. The Equations of Motion......Page 312
3. Slowing Down the Universe......Page 313
References......Page 316
1. Introduction......Page 317
2. n n transitions......Page 318
3. Past and future n n experiments......Page 319
4. CPT violation effect in n n......Page 320
References......Page 322
1. Introduction......Page 323
2. Conventional Instantons......Page 324
3. Deformed Instantons......Page 325
3.2. Case 2: kF = kF......Page 326
4. Summary......Page 327
References......Page 328
1. Introduction and Motivation......Page 329
2.1. Overview......Page 330
2.2. Timekeeping and Time Transfer......Page 331
2.3. Temporal Calibration of the Far Detector......Page 332
2.6. Error Considerations......Page 333
References......Page 334
Particles and Propagators in Lorentz-Violating Supergravity R.E. Allen and S. Yokoo......Page 335
References......Page 340
1. Lorentz-Violating Standard-Model Extension (SME)......Page 341
2. General Clock-comparison Experiments......Page 342
3. Standard Inertial Reference Frame......Page 343
References......Page 345
