Probabilistic Metric Spaces

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Author(s): B. Schweizer and A. Sklar
Series: Dover Publications, Inc. Mineola, New York
Year: 0

Language: English
Pages: 230

Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Preface to the Dover Edition......Page 8
Preface......Page 9
Special Symbols......Page 11
1.1. Beginnings......Page 14
1.2. Menger, 1942......Page 15
1.4. Developments, 1956–1960......Page 16
1.5. Some Examples......Page 18
1.6. Šerstnev, 1962......Page 19
1.7. Random Metric Spaces......Page 20
1.8. Topologies......Page 21
1.9. Tools......Page 22
1.10. Postscript......Page 24
2.1. Sets and Functions......Page 25
2.2. Functions on Intervals......Page 27
2.3. Probabilities, Integrals, Random Variables......Page 29
2.4. Binary Operations......Page 31
3.1. Metric and Related Spaces......Page 33
3.2. Isometries, Homotheties, Metric Transforms......Page 35
3.3. Betweenness......Page 37
3.5. Topological Structures......Page 38
4.1. Spaces of Distribution Functions......Page 42
4.2. The Modified Lévy Metric......Page 43
4.3. The Space of Distance Distribution Functions......Page 45
4.4. Quasi-Inverses of Nondecreasing Functions......Page 46
5.1. Associative Binary Operations......Page 50
5.2. Generators and Ordinal Sums......Page 51
5.3. Associative Functions on Intervals......Page 52
5.4. Representation of Archimedean Functions......Page 55
5.5. Triangular Norms, Additive and Multiplicative Generators......Page 57
5.6. Examples......Page 61
5.7. Conorms and Composition Laws......Page 64
5.8. Open Problems......Page 66
6.1. Fundamental Properties of n-Increasing Functions......Page 68
6.2. Joint Distribution Functions, Subcopulas, and Copulas......Page 71
6.3. Copulas and t-Norms......Page 73
6.4. Dual Copulas......Page 75
6.5. Copulas and Random Variables......Page 76
6.6. Margins of Copulas......Page 77
6.7. Open Problems......Page 78
7.1. Introduction......Page 80
7.2. The Operations τT, L......Page 81
7.3. The Operations τT*, L......Page 86
7.4. The Operations σC, L......Page 87
7.5. The Operations ρC, L......Page 89
7.6. Derivability and Nonderivability from Functions of Random Variables......Page 91
7.7. Duality......Page 93
7.8. The Conjugate Transform......Page 95
7.9. Open Problems......Page 97
8.1. Probabilistic Metric Spaces in General......Page 100
8.2. Transformed Triangle Inequalities and Derived Metrics......Page 102
8.4. Simple Spaces......Page 105
8.5. Ellipse m-Metrics and Hysteresis......Page 106
8.6. α-Simple Spaces......Page 109
8.8. Open Problems......Page 111
9.1. E-Spaces......Page 113
9.2. Pseudometrically Generated Spaces, Sherwood’s Theorem......Page 115
9.3. Random Metric Spaces......Page 117
9.4. The Probability of the Triangle Inequality......Page 119
9.5. W-Spaces......Page 121
9.6. Open Problems......Page 122
10.1. Introduction......Page 123
10.2. Consistency, Triangle Inequalities......Page 124
10.3. C-Spaces......Page 126
10.4. Homogeneous and Semihomogeneous C-Spaces......Page 129
10.5. Moments and Metrics......Page 130
10.6. Normal C-Spaces......Page 133
10.7. Moments in Normal C-Spaces......Page 134
10.8. Open Problems......Page 135
11.1. Transformation-Generated Spaces......Page 137
11.2. Measure-Preserving Transformations......Page 139
11.3. Mixing Transformations......Page 141
11.4. Recurrence......Page 143
11.5. E-Processes: The Case of Markov Chains......Page 144
11.6. Open Problems......Page 147
12.1. The Strong Topology and Strong Uniformity......Page 148
12.2. Uniform Continuity of the Distance Function......Page 151
12.3. Examples......Page 152
12.4. The Probabilistic Diameter......Page 154
12.5. Completion of Probabilistic Metric Spaces......Page 155
12.6. Contraction Maps......Page 156
12.7. Product Spaces......Page 159
12.8. Countable Products......Page 162
12.9. The Probabilistic Hausdorff Distance......Page 163
12.10. Discemibility Relations......Page 164
12.11. Open Problems......Page 166
13.1. Profile Closures......Page 167
13.2. Distinguishability......Page 169
14.1. Wald Betweenness......Page 172
14.3. Menger Betweenness......Page 175
14.4. Probabilistic Betweenness......Page 176
14.5. Open Problems......Page 178
15.1. Probabilistic Normed Spaces......Page 179
15.2. Probabilistic Inner Product Spaces......Page 182
15.3. Probabilistic Topologies......Page 183
15.4. Probabilistic Information Spaces......Page 186
15.5. Generalized Metric Spaces......Page 188
References......Page 190
Index......Page 198
Errata......Page 212
Notes......Page 214
Supplementary References......Page 227