Статья. Опубликована в сборнике Rosch E., Lloyd B.B. (eds.) Cognition and Categorization - Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. - 1978. - P. 27- 48.SUMMARY
The first part of this chapter showed how the same principles of categorization
could account for the taxonomic structure of a category system organized around
a basic level and also for the formation of the categories that occur within this
basic level. Thus the principles described accounted for both the vertical and
horizontal structure of category systems. Four converging operations were
employed to establish the claim that the basic level provides the cornerstone of
a taxonomy. The section on prototypes distinguished the empirical evidence
for prototypes as structural facts about categories from the possible role of pro-
totypes in cognitive processing, representation, and learning. Then we considered
assumptions about the nature of the attributes of real-world objects and assump-
tions about context - insofar as attributes and contexts underlie the claim that
there is structure in the world. Finally, a highly tentative pilot study of attributes
and functions of objects as props in culturally defined events was presented.
