As many medical and healthcare researchers have a love-hate relationship with statistics, the second edition of this practical reference book may make all the difference. Using practical examples, mainly from the authors' own research, the book explains how to make sense of statistics, turn statistical computer output into coherent information, and help decide which pieces of information to report and how to present them. The book takes you through all the stages of the research process, from the initial research proposal, through ethical approval and data analysis, to reporting on and publishing the findings. Helpful tips and information boxes, offer clear guidance throughout, including easily followed instructions on how to:
• develop a quantitative research proposal for ethical/institutional approval or research funding
• write up the statistical aspects of a paper for publication
• choose and perform simple and more advanced statistical analyses
• describe the statistical methods and present the results of an analysis.
This new edition covers a wider range of statistical programs - SAS, STATA, R, and SPSS, and shows the commands needed to obtain the analyses and how to present it, whichever program you are using. Each specific example is annotated to indicate other scenarios that can be analysed using the same methods, allowing you to easily transpose the knowledge gained from the book to your own research. The principles of good presentation are also covered in detail, from translating relevant results into suitable extracts, through to randomised controlled trials, and how to present a meta-analysis. An added ingredient is the inclusion of code and datasets for all analyses shown in the book on our website (http://medical-statistics.info). Written by three experienced biostatisticians based in the UK and US, this is a step-by-step guide that will be invaluable to researchers and postgraduate students in medicine, those working in the professions allied to medicine, and statisticians in consultancy roles.
Author(s): Janet L. Peacock, Sally M. Kerry, Raymond R. Balise
Edition: 2
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Year: 2017
Language: English
Commentary: TruePDF
Pages: 257
Tags: Medical Statistics: Presenting; Statistics; Statistics As Topic
Cover
Half title
Presenting Medical StatisticsFrom Proposal to Publication
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Detailed Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 The use of statistics in research
1.2 Presenting medical statistics
1.3 This book
1.4 Final words
2 Introduction to the research process
2.1 Defining the research question
2.2 Writing a research protocol
2.3 Data collection
2.4 Transferring the data to computer
2.5 Data checking and cleaning
2.6 Using computer packages
2.7 Record keeping
2.8 Presenting results
2.9 When to seek help from a statistician
3 Writing a research protocol
3.1 The development cycle
3.2 Title
3.3 Aims of the research study
3.4 Primary and secondary aims
3.5 Study design
3.6 Sample size calculations
3.7 Plan of statistical analysis
3.8 Required approval for research
3.9 When applications fail
4 Writing up a research study
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Contents of each section of the report
4.3 Special circumstances
5 Introduction to presenting statistical analyses
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Presenting numerical data
5.3 Beginning the results section
5.4 Describing the results of the recruitment process
5.5 Assessing non-response bias
5.6 Presenting the results for different media
5.7 Drawing up a profile of a group of subjects
5.8 Drawing graphs
5.9 Using text to refer to tables and graphs
5.10 Presenting categorical data
5.11 Presenting continuous data
6 Single group studies
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Prevalence studies
6.3 Presenting the results of prevalence studies
6.4 Screening and diagnostic studies: Sensitivity and specificity
6.5 Presentation of sensitivity and specificity
6.6 Comment on results
6.7 Screening studies for rare conditions
6.8 Extensions to sensitivity and specificity
6.9 Further reading
7 Comparing two groups
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Graphical presentation of continuous unpaired data
7.3 Continuous unpaired data: The two-sample t test
7.4 Mann–Whitney U test
7.5 Comparing two proportions
7.6 Further reading
8 Analysing matched or paired data
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Continuous paired data: The paired t test
8.3 Non-Normal data
8.4 Matched case-control data
8.5 Matched cohort data
8.6 Further reading
9 Analysing relationships between variables
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Correlation
9.3 Regression
9.4 Further reading
10 Multifactorial analyses
10.1 Introduction
10.2 One-way analysis of variance
10.3 Multiple regression
10.4 Logistic regression
11 Survival analysis
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Kaplan–Meier estimates of survival rates
11.3 The logrank test
11.4 Cox regression
11.5 Further reading
12 Presenting a randomized controlled trial
12.1 Introduction to the CONSORT statement
12.2 The CONSORT checklist
12.3 Intention-to-treat analysis
12.4 Cluster randomized trials
12.5 Reporting guidelines for other study designs
13 Presenting a meta-analysis
13.1 Introduction to systematic reviews and meta-analysis
13.2 Statistics and meta-analysis
13.3 The PRISMA statement
13.4 Reviewing meta-analyses
13.5 Further reading
References
Index
