Practical Petroleum Geochemistry for Exploration and Production, Second Edition provides readers with a single reference that addresses the principle concepts and applications of petroleum geochemistry used in finding, evaluating, and producing petroleum deposits. The revised volume includes a new chapter on environmental forensic applications of petroleum geochemistry. With the current emphasis on environmental issues (pollution, climate changes, and corporate responsibility), information about how petroleum geochemistry can be used to recognize these problems, determine their source, help identify who is responsible, and how these problems may be mitigated are vital to efficient and economical operation of a project from exploration to production to abandonment. Practical Petroleum Geochemistry for Exploration and Production, Second Edition will continue to serve as a foundational reference to understanding the underpinning of the science, as well as a source of references that the reader can use to find detailed descriptions of methods and protocols.
Author(s): Harry Dembicki
Edition: 2
Publisher: Elsevier
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 424
City: Amsterdam
Front Cover
PRACTICAL PETROLEUM GEOCHEMISTRY FOR EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
PRACTICAL PETROLEUM GEOCHEMISTRY FOR EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
Copyright
CONTENTS
1 - Introduction
Introduction
A brief history of petroleum geochemistry
Definitions
Petroleum
Geochemistry
Petroleum system
Sedimentary organic matter
Other sedimentary organic deposits
Organic chemistry review
Covalent bonds
Hydrocarbons
Aromatic hydrocarbons
N–S–O compounds
Asphaltenes
Reactions
Stable isotope review
References
2 - The formation of petroleum accumulations
Introduction
Incorporating organic matter into sediments
Kerogen formation
Source rock deposition
Maturation and hydrocarbon generation
Petroleum migration
Origin of nonhydrocarbon gases
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Hydrogen sulfide
Helium
Hydrogen
Coals as oil-prone source rocks
Summary
References
3 - Source rock evaluation
Definitions and fundamental concepts
Sample collection
Total Organic Carbon
Rock-Eval pyrolysis
Solvent extraction, S-A-R-A analysis, and extract data
Source richness and quality interpretations
Gas chromatography
Source quality interpretations
Thermal maturity interpretations
Recognizing contamination
Headspace gas analysis
Source richness interpretations
Thermal maturity interpretations
Pyrolysis-gas chromatography
Kerogen isolation
Elemental analysis
Vitrinite reflectance
Interferences with vitrinite reflectance
Maturity interpretations with vitrinite reflectance
Alternative reflectance method
Solid bitumen reflectance
Graptolite, scolecodont, and chitinozoan reflectance
Visual kerogen typing
Thermal alteration index
Kerogen fluorescence
Conodont alteration index
Wireline log interpretations
Source rock presence interpretations
Source richness interpretations
Thermal maturity interpretations
Using outcrop samples
Strategies in source rock evaluation
Background information
Defining the problem
Making interpretations
References
4 - Interpreting crude oil and natural gas data
Introduction
Bulk properties of crude oil and natural gas
Phase behavior
Crude oil and natural gas alteration
Oil-to-oil and oil-to-source rock correlations
Mass spectrometry
Biomarker analysis
Crude oil inversion
Strategies and obstacles in oil correlation and oil inversion studies
Natural gas data
The source of natural gas: biogenic versus thermogenic
The maturity of thermogenic natural gas
Gas-to-gas and gas-to-source rock correlations
Strategies and obstacles in interpreting gas data
References
5 - Reservoir geochemistry
Introduction
Pay zone detection
Mud gas analysis
Mud gas data interpretation
Fluorescence and cut
Isotubes
Rock-Eval pyrolysis
Solvent extraction/gas chromatography
Thermal extraction-gas chromatography (TEGC)
High-molecular-weight waxes
Asphaltenes
Reservoir continuity
Reservoir continuity using mud gas data
Reservoir continuity using oil samples
Reservoir continuity using gas samples
Production allocation
Production problems and periodic sampling
Monitoring enhanced oil recovery
Reservoir souring
Strategies in reservoir geochemistry
References
6 - Surface geochemistry
Introduction
Microseepage
Direct indicators of hydrocarbon microseepage
Indirect indicators of hydrocarbon micro-seepage
Microseepage survey design and interpretation
Onshore macroseepage
Offshore macroseepage
Locating potential seafloor seep sites
Sampling potential seafloor seep sites
Analyzing seafloor sediments for thermogenic hydrocarbons
Sea surface slicks
References
7 - Unconventional resources
Introduction
Coalbed methane
Shale gas
Shale oil
Hybrid systems
Hydrates
References
8 - Basin modeling
Introduction
Burial history
Thermal history
Modeling maturation, hydrocarbon generation, and expulsion
Modeling migration
Predicting preservation
1-D model results
Model validation
Sensitivity analysis
Volumetric estimations
The role of basin modeling in unconventional plays
References
9 - Petroleum system concepts and tools
Introduction
Elements and processes
Temporal aspects
Spatial aspects
Plays and prospects
A working petroleum system
Risking
References
10 - Environmental applications
Introduction
The scope of environmental problems
The fate of environmental contamination
Tools for environmental studies
Detection and monitoring contamination events
Sample collection
Sample analysis
Strategies in environmental geochemistry
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
Z
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