Practical Investigation of Sex Crimes: A Strategic and Operational Approach

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Editor’s Note......Page 8
Introduction......Page 9
The Author......Page 12
Contents......Page 13
1 The Need for Specialization......Page 22
Discussion......Page 26
Liability......Page 27
Impact on Community......Page 28
Impact on Police......Page 29
Corroboration......Page 30
District Attorney......Page 32
Hospital Staff, Social Workers, Rape Advocates......Page 33
Public Perception......Page 34
Looking beyond the Definitions......Page 36
Legal Definitions......Page 39
Bibliography......Page 40
3 Personnel Criteria......Page 41
Emotional Support and Control......Page 43
Limitations of Training......Page 44
Qualities of the Sex Crime Investigator......Page 45
Compassion and Professionalism......Page 46
Nonjudgmental Approach......Page 47
Skilled Interrogators......Page 49
Managerial Support......Page 50
The Gender Issue......Page 52
Provisional Status of New Investigators......Page 53
Conclusion......Page 54
Bibliography......Page 55
4 The Two Crime Scenes......Page 56
The First Officer and the Location-of-Occurrence Crime Scene......Page 57
Steps for the First Officer to Take......Page 58
Obstacles for the First Officer to Overcome......Page 60
Forensic Techniques......Page 62
The Forensic Team: Evidence Response Team......Page 63
Investigative Search of Crime Scene......Page 64
The Search......Page 65
The Victim and Residual Evidence......Page 66
At the Hospital......Page 68
The Rape Kit......Page 69
DNA......Page 71
Collecting Samples for DNA Analysis from Suspects......Page 73
Buccal Swab......Page 74
Collecting DNA Samples from Suspects under Surveillance......Page 76
Searching for DNA Evidence under Court Order:The Search Warrant......Page 77
Media at the Crime Scene......Page 78
Conclusion......Page 79
Bibliography......Page 80
5 The Victimand the Interview......Page 81
Counseling......Page 84
Fear......Page 86
Guilt/Blame......Page 87
Reporting Delays: Attacks by Strangers......Page 88
Delayed Reporting and Acquaintance Rapes......Page 89
Length of Interview......Page 90
Setting......Page 91
Have a Second Investigator Present at the Interview......Page 92
Ease Tension......Page 93
Expect the Victim to be Untruthful......Page 94
Explain Each Question That You Ask......Page 95
Maintain a Nonjudgmental Attitude......Page 96
Do Not Touch......Page 97
Physical Characteristics of Suspect......Page 98
Detailed Account of Attack......Page 99
Previous Reports......Page 102
Do Not Wait......Page 103
Conclusion......Page 104
Bibliography......Page 105
Burden of Proof......Page 106
Statistical Overview and the Problem with Sexual Assault Statistics......Page 108
Alcohol......Page 113
Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam)......Page 114
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)......Page 116
Ketamine......Page 117
Education and Precautionary Measures......Page 118
Cybersex......Page 119
Investigating Acquaintance Rape......Page 120
Deception by Victims......Page 121
Addressing the Deception......Page 122
Victims’ Prior Actions......Page 123
Strategies to Address Credibility Problems, Support Victim’s Allegations, and Uncover the Truth......Page 124
Recorded Conversations......Page 125
Victim’s Role......Page 126
Eavesdropping Warrant......Page 127
Rape on Campus......Page 128
Investigative Impact of Campus Policies......Page 129
Addressing the Issue of Campus Policy......Page 130
Rape at High-Security Locations (Hotels, Businesses)......Page 131
Investigating Domestic Rape......Page 133
Agency Rules That Require Arrests in Domestic Situations......Page 135
Recorded Conversations......Page 136
Bibliography......Page 138
7 Investigative Strategies for Stranger Rape......Page 139
Victim Profile......Page 140
The Blame Game......Page 142
Rape during Burglary, Robbery, and Other Felonies......Page 143
Risky Behavior......Page 145
Mobilization of Personnel......Page 146
First Officer......Page 148
Initial Investigative Response......Page 149
Team Approach......Page 150
Lead Investigators......Page 151
Investigative Supervisors......Page 152
Canvass......Page 153
Commuter Canvasses......Page 154
Documentation......Page 155
The Ongoing Investigation......Page 156
Prior Criminal Activity of Sexual Offenders......Page 157
Computer Analysis......Page 159
Conclusion......Page 161
Bibliography......Page 162
8 Investigative and Tactical Plans for Serial Sexual Assault......Page 163
The Investigative Plan......Page 164
Public Announcement......Page 165
Intelligence Reporting Structure......Page 166
Logbooks and Paper Documentation Model......Page 167
Dissemination of Intelligence to Noninvestigative Units: Overcoming Cultural Bias......Page 168
When New Attack Patterns Occur......Page 169
Establish a Lead Unit within a Multifaceted Approach......Page 172
Coordination Conference......Page 174
Assist Patrol with Investigative Personnel......Page 175
Uniform Patrol......Page 177
Continuing Efforts......Page 179
In the Event of a New Attack......Page 180
Police Surveillance Cameras......Page 181
DNA Indictments......Page 182
DNA Indictment Protocol and Statute of Limitations......Page 185
Conclusion......Page 187
9 The Profile of the Rapist: Understanding and Interrogating Rapists......Page 189
Abnormal Psychology of the Rapist......Page 190
Provide Public with Protective Information......Page 192
Preparing a Case for Profilers......Page 195
Psychological Profiles......Page 196
Interrogating Tip......Page 197
Selfish Rapist......Page 198
Interrogation Tip......Page 199
Pseudo-Unselfish Rapist......Page 200
The Power Assertive Rapist......Page 201
Investigative Tip......Page 202
The Anger Excitation Rapist......Page 203
Investigative Tip......Page 204
Geographic Profiling......Page 205
Conclusion......Page 208
Bibliography......Page 209
Police......Page 210
Activists......Page 211
Historical Viewpoint......Page 212
False Acquaintance and Domestic Allegations......Page 213
To Believe the Victim or Not? The False Report Trap......Page 214
Discussion......Page 217
Identifying False Allegations......Page 218
False Stranger Allegations......Page 220
Conclusions......Page 221
11 Lineups......Page 223
Helping the Victim to Remember......Page 225
Prepare the Victim to View the Lineup......Page 226
Expect the Unusual......Page 227
Conclusion......Page 228
Index......Page 229