Practical Audio Electronics is a comprehensive introduction to basic audio electronics and the fundamentals of sound circuit building, providing the reader with the necessary knowledge and skills to undertake projects from scratch.
Imparting a thorough foundation of theory alongside the practical skills needed to understand, build, modify, and test audio circuits, this book equips the reader with the tools to explore the sonic possibilities that emerge when electronics technology is applied innovatively to the making of music. Suitable for all levels of technical proficiency, this book encourages a deeper understanding through highlighted sections of advanced material and example projects including circuits to make, alter, and amplify audio, providing a snapshot of the wide range of possibilities of practical audio electronics.
An ideal resource for students, hobbyists, musicians, audio professionals, and those interested in exploring the possibilities of hardware-based sound and music creation.
Author(s): Kevin Robinson
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: xx+420
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Tables
2.1 Some typical resistivities for a range of materials
4.1 Mains power connecters around the world
7.1 DUS, DUG, TUN, TUP acronyms
7.2 DUS and DUG diode specifications
7.3 TUN and TUP transistor specifications
7.4 Crossing wires on schematic diagrams
7.5 Circuit layout component symbols
8.1 Resistance measurement results for two hand-held DMMs
9.1 The four fundamental electrical quantities
12.1 Resistor E-series preferred values
12.2 E-series and standard tolerances
12.3 Resistor colour codes
13.1 Capacitor types
13.2 Capacitor uses
13.3 Charge/discharge levels corresponding to various multiples of τ
14.1 Specifications for a range of transformers
15.1 Switch styles
15.2 Switch circuit symbols
16.1 Various diode specifications
17.1 Some typical BJT specifications
17.2 Simplified behaviour of an NPN BJT
17.3 Some typical JFET specifications
17.4 Some example MOSFET specifications
18.1 Selected ICs
18.2 Inverting opamp parameters in the voltage divider rule
18.3 Noninverting opamp parameters in the voltage divider rule
18.4 Some 4000 series ICs
18.5 AND and NAND gate truth table
20.1 Effect of different pickup combinations
20.2 Identifying the ends of a coil pickup winding
A.1 Multipliers (factors of 1,000)
A.2 Multipliers (factors of 10 and 100)
B.1 Primary quantities
C.1 Schematic symbol reference chart
Learning by Doing
2.1 Static Electricity
2.2 Build an Electric Motor in Ten Minutes
2.3 Conductors and Insulators
4.1 Use a Phase Tester (aka Line Tester)
4.2 Wiring Plugs and Sockets
6.1 Component Specification Sheets
7.1 Schematic Diagram to Breadboard Layout
7.2 Schematic Diagram to Stripboard Layout
9.1 Ohm’s Law and Watt’s Law
9.2 Kirchhoff’s Current and Voltage Laws
10.1 Breadboarding Circuits
10.2 Stripboarding Circuits
12.1 The Voltage Divider Rule
14.1 Build a Passive DI Box
14.2 Transformer Driven Piezo
16.1 Diode Curve Tracing – Manual
16.2 Diode Curve Tracing – Automatic
16.3 Diode Clipping and Crossover Distortion
17.1 BJT Finger Switch
17.2 BJT Booster
17.3 One Transistor Fuzz Circuit
17.4 Measuring a JFET’s Pinch-Off Voltage and Saturation Current
17.5 JFET Buffer
17.6 Simple MOSFET Dimmer Circuit
17.7 Wiring a MOSFET as a Diode
18.1 Opamp Based Preamp Circuit
18.2 Voltage Regulator
18.3 NAND Gate Oscillator
18.4 Homemade Optocoupler
19.1 Tube Booster
20.1 Basic Electret Mic Circuit
20.2 Loudspeaker Wiring
20.3 Loudspeaker as a Microphone
20.4 Pickup Wiring
20.5 Piezo as a Pickup
20.6 Piezo as a Driver
20.7 Reverb Pan Drive and Recovery Circuit
Proofs and Derivations
2.1 Units of Resistivity
4.1 Phase to Phase RMS Voltage Level
5.1 Signal Wavelengths
5.2 Peak, Average, and RMS Levels for Standard Wave Shapes
5.3 Average-Responding Error Levels
5.4 The Form of the Decibel Equation
9.1 The Variants of Watt’s Law
12.1 The General Form of the Parallel Rule
13.1 The LC Series Rule
13.2 The LC Parallel Rule
13.3 RC Filter Frequency Response Equation
14.1 Transformer Current Transformation Relationship
14.2 Transformer Impedance Transformation Relationship
18.1 Inverting Opamp Gain Equation
18.2 Noninverting Opamp Gain Equation
Preface
1 Introduction
I: Electrical Theory
2 Electricity
Key Concepts in Electricity
Electric Charge
Static and Current Electricity
Current and Circuits
Direct and Alternating Current
Voltage
Resistance
Power
Electricity and Magnetism
Conductors and Insulators
References
3 Semiconductors
Pure Silicon
Doped Silicon
The P-N Junction
Diodes and Transistors
Germanium Semiconductors
References
4 Mains Electricity and Electrical Safety
Mains Power Generation and Distribution
Building Wiring
The Fuse Box
Wiring Safety
Appliance Protection Classes
Three Phase Power
References
5 Signal Characteristics
Time Domain and Frequency Domain Representations
Phase and Polarity
Rectification
Clipping
Crossover Distortion
The Sine Wave
Complex Signals
Decibels
References
II: Practical Electronics
6 Component Overview
Passive Components
Semiconductor Devices
Vacuum Tubes
Transducers
Miscellaneous Components
References
7 Circuit Diagrams
Block Diagrams
Schematic Diagrams
Breadboard Layouts
Stripboard Layouts
A More Elaborate Example
References
8 Electronics Lab Equipment
Bench Power Supply Units
Function Generators
Multimeters
Oscilloscopes
Audio Analysers and Advanced Test Gear
References
9 Basic Circuit Analysis
Primary Quantities
Ohm’s Law
Watt’s Law
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
Applying the Four Laws
References
10 Constructing Circuits
The Project Pipeline
Initial Idea, Concept Development, and Background Research
Procurement
Prototyping, Testing, Development, and Final Layout Design
Circuit Building
Packaging
References
11 Projects
Project I – Low Power Audio Amplifier
Project II – Stepped-Tone Generator
Project III – Modulation Effect
References
III: Component Reference
12 Resistors
E-Series Preferred Values
Tolerance
Resistor Colour Codes
Power Rating
Material and Temperature Coefficient
Electrical Behaviour
Series Rule and Parallel Rule
Voltage Divider Rule (VDR)
Variable Resistors
Photoresistors
Thermistors
Instructive Examples
References
13 Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Inductors
Characteristics of Capacitors and Inductors
Device Impedance
Series and Parallel Rules
RLC Circuits
References
14 Transformers
How Transformers Work
Transformation Equations
Schematic Symbols
Transformer Types and Applications
References
15 Switches
Switch Styles
Poles and Throws
Momentary vs. Latching
Break-Before-Make vs. Make-Before-Break
Positions vs. Throws – On/Off Switch Position Designators
Circuit Symbols
Electro-Mechanical and Electronic Switches
Instructive Examples
References
16 Diodes
Electrical Characteristics
Diode Types
Schematic Symbols
Circuits
References
17 Transistors
Transistor Types
General Use and Operation
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs)
Junction Field Effect Transistors (JFETs)
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs)
References
18 Integrated Circuits
Selected ICs
Opamps
IC Power Amps
LM317 Voltage Regulator
NE555 Precision Timer
4000 Series ICs
Analog Optocouplers
References
19 Vacuum Tubes
Principles of Operation
Diode Tubes
Triode Tubes
Low Voltage Tube Circuits
References
20 Audio Transducers
Microphones
Loudspeaker Drivers
Coil Pickups
Piezo Elements
Reverb Pans
References
Appendices
A: Prefix Multipliers
B: Quantities and Equations
Primary Quantities
Decibel Equations
Fundamental Laws
Resistor Equations
RLC Equations
Transformer Equations
Opamp Equations
C: Schematic Symbol Reference Chart
D: Circuit Catalogue
Circuit Index
Breadboard Layouts
Stripboard Layouts
Bibliography
Index
