This book presents novel idea and concepts developed by the researchers/academia and practicing engineers working in the domain of the power sector infrastructures where power electronics infrastructures are used for improving the system reliability and efficiency in on-grid and off-grid systems. The infrastructures of distributed power generation based on wind, solar, hydro and many other renewable energy sources have increased manifold since last decade due to availability of efficient power converters and small rating generators. The application of power electronics switching devices has made job much easier to make such system infrastructures more reliable and controllable. The power quality (PQ) issues in infrastructures of distributed power generation system are a major concern for customers. The custom power devices such as voltage source converter are used to mitigate the PQ and other issues such as voltage and frequency control under different loading conditions on the supply system. The operation of these custom power devices or other power converters is dependent on the duty cycles generated by control algorithm. The scope of control algorithm may be varying from model predictive control techniques, machine learning techniques to other artificial intelligence-based techniques. In addition to it, some classical control algorithm and adaptive-type control algorithm may also be used for power converter operation. This book creates awareness among teachers, research students and industry persons about better utilization of infrastructures of distributed power generation system by making it more efficient with the use of power electronics and its control.
Author(s): Ashutosh K. Giri, Sabha Raj Arya, Josep M. Guerrero, Shailendra Kumar
Series: Studies in Infrastructure and Control
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 381
City: Singapore
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Infrastructures for Wind Energy-Based Power Generation System—Modelling and Control
1 Wind Power Scenario
2 Types of Wind Energy Conversion System
3 Modelling of Wind Energy Conversion Systems
4 Controller Design for Wind Energy Conversion Systems
4.1 Maximum Power Point Tracking Control
4.2 Fuzzy Logic-Based Control for Power Quality Improvement
4.3 Adaptive Volterra Filter-Based Control for Power Quality Improvement
4.4 Stochastic Kalman Filter-Based Control for Power Quality Improvement
5 System Simulation Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
Appendix
References
2 Design of Wind Farm Infrastructure for Reduction of Power Loss in Radial Distribution System
1 Introduction
2 Parameters Affecting Wind Power Generation
2.1 Wind Farm Location
2.2 Wind Speed Data Prediction
2.3 Layout Designs of Wind Farm
2.4 Wind Wake Analysis
3 Load Flow Implementation
4 Effect of Air Density on Wind
5 Load Modelling Profile
6 Problem Formulation
7 Optimization Technique
8 Distribution System Under Study
9 Result and Discussion
9.1 Hourly Wind Power Generation
9.2 Active and Reactive Power Loss
9.3 Bus Voltage Improvement
9.4 Optimal DG Location and Capacity
10 Conclusion
11 Numerical
References
3 Electric Power Management and Control in DC Buildings—State-Of-The-Art and Emerging Technologies
1 Introduction
2 DC Infrastructure
2.1 DC Microgrid Voltage Standards and Architecture
2.2 Earthing and Protection of DC Systems
2.3 Wiring Standards
3 Control and Communication
3.1 Residential Dc Grid Control
3.2 Communication in Nanogrids
4 Ancillary Services
5 Power Electronic Solutions for AC Grid Interfacing
5.1 Non-isolated AC-DC Stage
5.2 Isolated DC-DC Stage
5.3 Isolated AC-DC Solutions
6 Conclusions
References
4 Dynamic Voltage Restorer–A Custom Power Device for Power Quality Improvement in Electrical Distribution Systems
1 Introduction
2 DVR Components
3 DVR Topologies
3.1 DVR Connected by the Transformer
3.2 Transformerless or Directly Connected DVR
3.3 DVRs Based on the Type of the Power Converter
3.4 DVRs Based on the Converter Topology
3.5 Energy Storage-Based DVR
3.6 Energy Storage-Less DVR
4 Sag Detection Techniques Adopted for the Commercial DVRs
5 Methods of Compensation
5.1 Pre-sag Compensation
5.2 In-Phase Compensation
5.3 Energy-Optimized Compensation
6 Control Strategy for DVR
6.1 The Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO)
7 Simulation Results
8 Conclusions
References
5 Unified Power Quality Conditioner
1 Introduction
2 Classification of UPQC System
3 Working Principle of UPQC System
4 Control Strategy
4.1 Synchronous Reference Frame Theory-Based Control Strategy (PLL Based Algorithm)
4.2 Least Mean Based Control Strategy
4.3 Generalized Integrator Based Methodology
4.4 Lyapunov Technique Based Control Strategy
5 Conclusion
Appendix
References
6 Analysis of Behavior of Variable-Speed Pumped Storage Hydropower Plants—Designing a Vector Controller
1 Introduction
1.1 Various Types of PSPPs in the World
1.2 Diverse Solutions for Variable-Speed PSPPs
1.3 Historic DFIM-Based PSPPs Installation in the World
1.4 Range of Rotor Speed Adjustment in VS-PSPPs
2 Modeling
2.1 Turbine
2.2 Pump
2.3 DFIM
2.4 Excitation Transformer and DC-Link Capacitor
3 Designing Vector Controller
3.1 Generator Mode
3.2 Motor Mode
4 Reactive Power Support in DFIM-Based VS-PSPP
4.1 P-Q Machine Capability Curve
5 Conclusion
Appendix
References
7 Integrated Voltage and Frequency Controllers (IVFCs) for Pico Hydro Off-Grid Power Generation
1 Scope of Work
2 Review of 3-Phase 4-Wire IVFC for Pico Hydro Power Generation
2.1 Design of 3-Leg 4-Wire IVFC
2.2 Configuration and Operating Principle
2.3 Pi Controller-Based Algorithm
2.4 Performance of IVFC at Linear Loads
2.5 Performance of IVFC for IAG Under Non-linear Loads
2.6 Power Quality Performance of IVFC for IAG
3 Conclusions
4 Appendices
References
8 Control of Hybrid Off-Microgrid Configurations Based on Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Sources
1 Introduction
2 Hybrid Off-Grid Configurations Based on R&NR-ESs
3 Hierarchical Control and Operating of Hybrid Off-Grid Configurations Based on R&NR-ESs
4 Hybrid Off-Grid Configurations Based on R&NR-ESs: A Case Study
4.1 Operation Modes of Hybrid Off-Grid Configurations Based on R&NR-ESs
5 Control of the Selected Hybrid Off-Grid Configurations
5.1 Control Algorithm for DE
5.2 Control of the Boost Converter
5.3 Control of the Buck–Boost Converter
5.4 Control of the DC Dump Load
5.5 Control of the RSC
5.6 Control of the LSC
6 Results and Discussion
6.1 Dynamic Performance Under Load and Solar Irradiations Change When the SoC is Less Between 100 and 50%
6.2 Dynamic Performance Under Less Solar Irradiations and with SoC Less Than 50%
6.3 Dynamic Performance Underbalanced and Unbalanced Nonlinear Loads
6.4 Dynamic Performance When BES is Fully Charged
7 Conclusion
References
9 Control for Grid Synchronization of Single-Phase Voltage Source Converter
1 Introduction
2 Basic Structure of Orthogonal Signal Generator
3 Generalized Integrator-Based OSG
3.1 Second-Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI)
3.2 Multilayer Second-Order Generalized Integrator (mLSOGI)
3.3 Modified Second-Order Generalized Integrator (mSOGI)
3.4 Modified Second-Order Generalized Integrator (mSOGI)
3.5 Enhanced Second-Order Generalized Integrator (ESOGI)
3.6 Third-Order Sinusoidal Integrator (TOSSI)
3.7 Mixed Second- and Third-Order Generalized Integrator
3.8 Enhanced Third-Order Generalized Integrator (ETOGI)
3.9 Fourth-Order Generalized Integrator (FoOGI)
4 Proportional Resonant (PR) Controllers
5 VSC Control
6 Conclusion
References
10 Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter with Solar Photovoltaic System for Enhanced Power Quality
1 Introduction
2 Solar Power-Generating Unit with Battery
3 15-Level Multilevel Inverter System
3.1 Circuit Diagram
3.2 Principle of Operation
3.3 Sequence of Switching in a 15-Level Multilevel Inverter
4 31-Level Multilevel Inverter System
4.1 Circuit Diagram
4.2 Operation and Principle
4.3 Sequence of Switching in a 31-Level Multilevel Inverter
5 63-Level Multilevel Inverter System
5.1 Circuit Diagram
5.2 Principle of Operation
5.3 Sequence of Switching in a 63-Level Multilevel Inverter
6 127-Level Multilevel Inverter System
6.1 Circuit Diagram
6.2 Principle and Operation
6.3 Sequence of Switching in the 127-Level Multilevel Inverter
6.4 Results and Discussion of 127-Level Multilevel Inverter
6.5 Circuit Diagram and Results of 15-, 31-, and 63-Level MLIs
7 Conclusions
References
11 Solar Photovoltaic System Supported V4G Performance Using IHTQZSC with Constant Switching Frequency Predictive Controller
1 Introduction
2 Power Converters
2.1 Power Converters for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems
2.2 Power Converters for Electric Vehicles
3 Impedance Source Converters
3.1 Working of ZSC
3.2 Quasi Z Source Converter (QZSC)
3.3 Improved Z Source Converter
3.4 Switched Inductor Z Source Converter (SL ZSI)
3.5 Embedded Z Source Inverter (EZSI)
3.6 Improved Hybrid Three Quasi Z Source Converter (IHTQZSC)
3.7 Simple Boost Control (SBC) Pulse Width Modulation
4 Controlling of IHTQZSC in Grid-Connected Application
4.1 PI Controller
4.2 Model Predictive Controller for Grid-Connected Converter
4.3 Grid Tied ImHTQZSI with CSF—PC
5 PVS Supported V2G and V4G System
6 Summary
References
12 Application of Ant Lion Optimization Technique for Microgrid Infrastructure
1 Introduction
2 Microgrid Modeling
3 ALO Technique-Based PID Controller
3.1 Ant Lion Optimizer Technique
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Case Study I
4.2 Case Study II
4.3 Case StudyIII
4.4 Comparative Analysis of J
5 Conclusions
References
13 Protection of High Voltage Transmission Lines Connected to Large-Scale Wind Farms: A Review
1 Introduction
2 Impact of Grid-Integrated Large-Scale Wind Farm on Distance Protection
2.1 Performance of WTG Side Relay
2.2 Performance of Grid Side Relay
3 State of the Art on Fault Detection, Classification, and Location Estimation on High Voltage TLs Connected to Large-Scale Wind Farms
3.1 Relaying Algorithms to Protect DFIG-Wind Farm Integrated TLs
3.2 Relaying Algorithms to Protect DFIG-Wind Farm Integrated Compensated TLs
3.3 Relaying Algorithms to Protect PMSG-Wind Farm Integrated TLs
4 Conclusion
References
