This book is centered on the most pressing unsolved problem in elementary particle physics the mass generation of particles. It contains physics that is not included in the Standard Model as it is now formulated, while at the same time being in conformity with the major results of the Standard Model, i.e. isotopic spins and interactions. It differs from the Standard Model in the treatment of masses and pseudoscalar mesons, and in the role assigned to the coupling constant . Presented in a careful and phenomenological way, the material can easily be followed by all physicists, both experimental and theoretical, and also by interested workers in other fields. The author s website 70mev.org gives additional information about the applications of the constant ? in particle physics.
Author(s): Malcolm H. MacGregor
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 460
Contents......Page 16
Preface: The Training of an Elementary Particle Phenomenologist......Page 8
List of Figures......Page 22
0.1 The Experimental Journey......Page 32
0.2 Global Lifetime -Quantization......Page 33
0.3 Unpaired-Quark Lifetime Hyper ne (HF) Structure......Page 37
0.4 The 4 "Lifetime Desert" between Unpaired and Paired Quark Decays......Page 43
0.5 Two mass leaps: the mb= 70 meV and mf=105 meV basis states......Page 46
0.6 The Spin-1/2 Standard Model q (u; d); s; c; b \Muon" Constituent Quarks......Page 53
0.7 The Spin-0 Generic "Pion" Constituent Quarks......Page 65
0.8 The Relativistically Spinning Sphere and the mf/mb = 3/2 Mass Ratio......Page 70
0.9 The MX Threshold-State Particle Excitation Mechanism......Page 72
0.10 An mass leap: the q = 43,182 mev basic set for the w , z gauge bosons and top quark t......Page 79
0.11 Mathological Studies of Elementary Particle Spectroscopy......Page 90
1.1 The Missing Elementary Particle Ground State and Its Mass Generator......Page 94
1.2 The Particle Mass Mystery: Physics from the Higgs Down or the Bottom Up?......Page 96
1.3 The Double Mystery of the Fine Structure Constant = e2/ c......Page 100
1.4 The Dichotomy of Leptons and Hadrons: Interactive Charges and Passive Masses......Page 103
1.5 Experiment, Phenomenology, Theory: The Three Steps to Success......Page 107
1.6 The Review of Particle Physics (RPP) Elementary Particle Data Base......Page 109
1.7 The Linkage Between Particle Lifetimes/Widths (Stability) and Particle Masses (Structure)......Page 112
1.8 The Numerical Challenge of the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio......Page 114
2.1 The Zeptosecond Boundary between Threshold-State and Excited-State Lifetimes......Page 118
2.2 The Nonstrange +, Ps meson quintet: the crow "jewels" of lifetime -quantization......Page 124
2.3 The Strange K+, K-,klo, Kso meson quartet: scaling and factor of 2 hyperfine (HF) structure......Page 131
2.4 The PS Meson Lifetime Nonet: Physics Outside of the Standard Model......Page 134
2.5 Hyperfine (HF) Factor-of-2 and Factor-of-3 Lifetime Structure......Page 136
2.6 The -Quantization of the 36 Long-Lived Threshold-State Particle Lifetimes......Page 144
2.7 The s, c, b Quark Group Structure in -Quantized Particle Lifetimes......Page 155
2.8 Factor of 4 Lifetime Ratios between Unpaired and Paired Quark Decays......Page 157
2.9 The b-Quark and c-Quark Factor-of-3 Lifetime Flavor Structure......Page 166
2.10 Flavor Substitutions and c > b > s Flavor Dominance in Unpaired-Quark Decays......Page 169
2.11 The Historical Emergence of -Quantized Elementary Particle Lifetimes......Page 172
3.1 What Are the Elementary Particle Lepton and Hadron "Ground States"?......Page 184
3.2 The Correlation between Particle Mass-Widths and Particle Masses......Page 191
3.3 Electrons, Muons and Pions: The "Rosetta Stones" of -Quantized Masses......Page 194
3.4 The First-Order mb = 70 MeV Boson and mf = 105 MeV Fermion " -Leap" Masses......Page 200
3.5 Symmetric (M , M , M ) and Asymmetric (MK, K, M , ) "Platform" States......Page 204
3.6 The Spin and Flavor Hierarchy of the MX Platform Excitations......Page 208
3.7 The M ( , , 0) Boson MX Tower: The "Crown Jewels" of -Quantized Masses......Page 211
3.8 The M ( ; p p; ) Fermion MX Tower......Page 217
3.9 The "Supersymmetric" 420 MeV Excitation Quantum X = 3mb mb = 2m fmf......Page 223
3.10 The Strange MK (K, ) Boson MX Excitations and the 0 = K Bound State......Page 226
3.11 The Strange M (s, s) Fermion MX Excitations: s and s Quarks......Page 232
3.12 The Strange M ( ) Vector Boson MX Excitation: The = s s Bound State......Page 236
3.13 The Fundamental "MX Octet" of Threshold-State Particles......Page 240
3.14 Isotopic Spin Mass Splittings and Charge-Independent (CI) Particle Masses......Page 242
3.15 Hadronic Binding Energy (HBE) Systematics......Page 245
3.16 Almost-Parameter-Free MX Octet Mass Calculations......Page 252
3.17 The M ( ; J= ; ) = (s s; c c; b b) Vector Meson MT Mass-Tripling Tower......Page 257
3.18 Charge Exchange (CX) and Fragmentation (CF) Excitations and Proton Stability......Page 264
3.19 Excitation Doubling and the W and Z Vector Mesons......Page 268
3.20 The Second-Order fermion mass leap to the W and Z bosons and top quark t......Page 273
3.21 The PS Lifetime and Mass Nonet: Physics Outside of the Standard Model......Page 282
3.22 Examples of Reciprocal -Quantized Lifetimes and Masses......Page 285
3.23 The q, s, c, b Quark Benchmark Test: Calculate 16 Unpaired-Quark Ground States......Page 290
3.24 The Short-Lived Excited-State Masses: Evidence from Excitation Clusters......Page 300
3.25 Muon (Fermion) Masses and Quarks; Pion (Boson) Masses and Generic Quarks; Superheavy Muon -Quark Masses......Page 307
3.26 Evidence for the s = 595 MeV Strange Quark Excited State......Page 316
3.27 The Universal 35 MeV Mass Grid......Page 322
3.28 Mass Freedom in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)......Page 325
4.1 Introduction to Mathology......Page 330
4.2 The Most Accurate Example of Mathology: Quantum Electrodynamics (QED)......Page 332
4.3 The Mechanical Mathology of Relativistically Spinning Spherical Masses......Page 333
4.4 The Spectroscopic Mathology of the Electron: A Classical Representation Does Exist......Page 339
4.5 The Vanishing Electric Quadrupole Moment of the Electron......Page 341
4.6 The Physical Basis for the Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Electron: The Answer to Richard Feynman's Challenge for a First-Order Model......Page 344
4.7 The Relativistic Transformation Properties of the Mathological Electron: Correct Transformations Occur only at the Rotational Relativistic Limit......Page 348
5.1 The Mathology of the Electron Phase Wave......Page 354
5.2 The Mathology of Particle–Hole Pairs: Zerons and Photons......Page 359
5.3 The Mathology of QED Renormalization: Bare Masses as "Hole" States......Page 372
5.4 Vacuum-State Zero-Point Fluctuations as Energy-Conserving Particle–Hole Pairs......Page 377
6.1 The Mystery of the Numerical Value = 1/137......Page 380
6.2 The Phase Transitions 1;2;3;4 e, , q, of the Mass Generator......Page 383
6.3 Three Configurations of the Multiform Electric Charge e......Page 388
7.1 Cosmological Masses......Page 392
7.2 The "Mechanical" Mass of the Elementary Particle......Page 394
7.3 Three Deficiencies in the Standard Model Treatment of Particle Masses......Page 396
A. The History of the 70 MeV Mass Quantum mb......Page 402
B. The History of the 105 MeV Mass Quantum m......Page 410
Appendices......Page 416
Acknowledgments......Page 444
References......Page 446
Index......Page 452
