This revised third edition of Power Generation Technologies explores even more renewable technologies in detail, from traditional fossil fuels and the more established alternatives such as wind and solar power, to emerging renewables such as biomass and geothermal energy. The book also features new expanded chapters on tidal project proposals, tidal bunds, enhanced geothermal technology, fast-moving areas in marine energy and the development of floating wind turbines. Power Generation Technologies is more than just an account of the technologies - for each method the author explores the economic and environmental costs and risk factors. Each technology is covered using the same basic criteria, so that comparisons between technologies can be made more easily. Those who are involved in planning and delivering energy, including engineers, managers and policy makers, will find a guide through the minefield of maintaining a reliable power supply, meeting targets on greenhouse gas emissions, and addressing economic and social objectives in this book.
- Explains in hundreds of diagrams how each technology functions in practice
- Evaluates the economic and environmental viability of each power generation system covered
- Features fast-advancing renewable and alternative power sources, such as municipal waste and solar options
- Applies a fresh focus on the evolution of traditional technologies such as natural gas and ‘clean coal’
Author(s): Paul Breeze
Edition: 3rd edition
Publisher: Newnes
Year: 2019
Language: English
Pages: 462
City: Oxford; Cambridge
Tags: Power Generation Technologies
Front Cover......Page 1
Power Generation Technologies......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
1 An Introduction to Electricity Generation......Page 14
The History of Electricity Generation......Page 15
The Evolution of Electricity Generation Technologies......Page 16
The Evolution of Electricity Networks......Page 19
Renewable Energy and Distributed Generation......Page 21
A Brief Political Diversion......Page 22
The Size of the Industry......Page 24
2 Electricity Generation and the Environment......Page 28
The Evolution of Environmental Awareness......Page 29
Power Generation: The Broader Environmental Impact......Page 30
The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric Warming......Page 31
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Power Generation......Page 34
Controlling Carbon Dioxide......Page 37
The Hydrogen Economy......Page 38
The Economics of Electricity Production......Page 39
Externalities......Page 40
Life Cycle Assessment......Page 41
The Bottom Line......Page 44
3 Coal-Fired Power Plants......Page 46
Types of Coal......Page 48
Coal Reserves......Page 49
Traditional Coal-Fired Power Generation Technology......Page 51
Boiler Technology......Page 53
Steam Turbine Design......Page 57
Generators......Page 60
Fluidised Bed Combustion......Page 61
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle......Page 64
Emission Control for Coal-Fired Power Plants......Page 65
Low NOx Combustion Strategies......Page 68
Sulphur Dioxide Removal......Page 70
NOx Capture......Page 71
Particulate (Dust) Removal......Page 73
Carbon Dioxide......Page 74
Biomass Cofiring......Page 75
Postcombustion Capture......Page 76
Oxyfuel Combustion......Page 78
Coal Gasification......Page 79
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration......Page 80
The Cost of Coal-Fired Power Generation......Page 81
4 Natural Gas–Fired Gas Turbine and Combined Cycle Power Plants......Page 84
Natural Gas......Page 85
The Growth of Gas Turbine Technology......Page 88
The Gas Turbine Principle......Page 89
Modern Gas Turbine Design for Power Generation......Page 91
Gas Turbine Development......Page 93
Advanced Gas Turbine Cycles......Page 95
Intercooling......Page 96
Recuperation......Page 98
Mass Injection......Page 99
Combined Cycle Power Plants......Page 100
Microturbines......Page 102
Nitrogen Oxides......Page 104
Carbon Dioxide......Page 106
The Cost of Gas Turbine–Based Power Generation......Page 108
5 Piston Engine–Based Power Plants......Page 112
The History of the Reciprocating Engine......Page 113
Engine Fuel......Page 114
Internal Combustion Engine Technology......Page 115
Engine Cycles......Page 116
Engine Size and Engine Speed......Page 119
Spark-Ignition Engines......Page 120
Diesel Engines (Compression Engines)......Page 121
Dual Fuel Engines......Page 122
Stirling Engines......Page 124
Cogeneration......Page 126
Combined Cycle......Page 127
Emission Control......Page 128
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions......Page 129
Sulphur Dioxide......Page 130
The Cost of Reciprocating Engine-Based Power Generation......Page 131
6 Combined Heat and Power......Page 134
The Historical Background to Combined Heat and Power Usage......Page 135
Global Combined Heat and Power Capacity......Page 137
Global Combined Heat and Power Potential......Page 139
Combined Heat and Power Principles and Applications......Page 142
Combined Heat and Power Technology......Page 144
Piston Engines......Page 146
Steam Turbines......Page 147
Gas Turbines......Page 149
Fuel Cells......Page 151
Nuclear Power......Page 153
The Cost of Combined Heat and Power......Page 154
7 Fuel Cells......Page 158
The History of Fuel Cells......Page 159
Global Fuel Cell Capacity......Page 160
The Fuel Cell Principle......Page 162
Catalysts......Page 166
Hydrocarbon Gas Reformation......Page 167
Fuel Cell Types......Page 168
The Alkaline Fuel Cell......Page 170
The Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell......Page 171
The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell......Page 174
The Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell......Page 176
The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell......Page 178
The Direct Methanol Fuel Cell......Page 181
Fuel Cell Costs......Page 183
8 Hydropower......Page 186
Global Hydropower Capacity and Production......Page 188
The Hydropower Resource......Page 190
Hydropower Sites......Page 192
Categories of Hydropower Plants......Page 193
Run-of-River Project......Page 194
Dam and Reservoir Projects......Page 196
Dam Types......Page 197
Impulse Turbines......Page 199
Reaction Turbines......Page 201
Francis Turbine......Page 202
Propeller and Kaplan Turbines......Page 203
Generators......Page 204
Small Hydropower......Page 205
Environmental Considerations......Page 208
Resettlement......Page 209
Geological Effects......Page 210
Greenhouse Gases......Page 211
Hydropower and Intermittent Renewable Generation......Page 212
The Cost of Electricity Generation From Hydropower Plants......Page 213
9 Tidal Barrage Power Plants......Page 216
The Tidal Resource......Page 217
Operating Tidal Barrage Power Plants......Page 219
Tidal Power Plant Design......Page 220
Two-Basin Projects......Page 222
Tidal Lagoons......Page 223
Tidal Barrage Construction Techniques......Page 224
Turbines......Page 225
Sluices and Ship Locks......Page 227
Environmental Considerations......Page 228
The Cost of Electricity Generation From Tidal Barrage Power Plants......Page 229
10 Power System Energy Storage Technologies......Page 232
Types of Energy Storage......Page 234
Global Energy Storage Capacity......Page 236
Pumped-Storage Hydropower......Page 238
Pumped-Storage Technology......Page 239
Pumped-Storage Sites......Page 240
The Cost of a Pumped-Storage Hydropower Plant......Page 241
Compressed Air Energy Storage......Page 242
Compressed Air Storage Facilities......Page 243
Turbine Technology and Compressed Air Energy Storage Cycles......Page 244
Costs......Page 246
Large-Scale Batteries......Page 247
The Battery Principle......Page 248
Lead-Acid Batteries......Page 249
Nickel–Cadmium Batteries......Page 250
Flow Batteries......Page 251
Costs......Page 252
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage......Page 253
The Flywheel Principle......Page 255
Flywheel Performance Characteristics......Page 256
Capacitors......Page 257
Energy Storage Capacitor Principles......Page 258
Applications......Page 259
Hydrogen Energy Essentials......Page 260
Costs......Page 262
11 Wind Power......Page 264
Global Wind Power Capacity......Page 266
Wind Resources......Page 268
Wind Turbine Technology......Page 270
Rotors......Page 272
Yawing......Page 274
Drivetrains and Generator......Page 275
Offshore Wind Turbine Technology......Page 277
Wind Farms......Page 280
Environmental Effects of Wind Power......Page 281
Wind intermittency and grid issues......Page 282
Wind Capacity Limits......Page 283
Repowering......Page 284
The Cost of Wind Power......Page 285
12 Geothermal Power......Page 288
Global Geothermal Capacity......Page 289
The Geothermal Resource......Page 291
Geothermal Fields......Page 292
Hot Dry Rock......Page 294
Location of Geothermal Resources......Page 296
Direct Steam Power Plants......Page 297
Flash Steam Plants......Page 299
Binary Cycle Power Plants......Page 300
Geothermal Power and District Heating......Page 302
The Cost of Geothermal Power......Page 303
13 Solar Power......Page 306
Global Solar Power Generating Capacity......Page 307
The Solar Energy Resource......Page 308
Solar Sites and Land Resources......Page 310
Solar Thermal Power Generation......Page 311
Parabolic Troughs......Page 312
Solar Towers......Page 316
Solar Dishes......Page 319
Fresnel Reflectors......Page 321
Other Solar Thermal Technologies......Page 322
Photovoltaic Devices......Page 324
Solar Photovoltaic Technology......Page 325
Types of Solar Cells......Page 326
Cell Structures......Page 327
Third-Generation Solar Cells......Page 329
Modules, Inverters and Panels......Page 330
System Types......Page 331
The Cost of Solar Power......Page 332
Solar Thermal Costs......Page 333
Solar Photovoltaic Costs......Page 334
14 Marine Power Generation Technologies......Page 336
The Marine Energy Resource......Page 337
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion......Page 339
OTEC Technology......Page 340
Wave Power......Page 343
Wave Power Technology......Page 344
Oscillating Water Columns......Page 345
Overtopping Devices and Tapered Channels......Page 346
Oscillating Flaps......Page 347
Buoyancy-Based Devices......Page 348
Pontoons, Snakes and Ducks......Page 349
Marine Current Energy......Page 351
Marine Current Energy Converters......Page 352
Horizontal Axis Turbines......Page 353
Vertical Axis Turbines......Page 355
Water Wheels and Cross-Flow Turbines......Page 356
Other Marine Current Devices......Page 357
Marine Current Projects......Page 358
Osmotic Power......Page 359
Vapour Compression......Page 360
The Cost of Marine Power Generation......Page 361
15 Biomass-Based Power Generation......Page 364
Global Biomass Electricity Production......Page 366
Biomass Wastes......Page 368
Fuelwood......Page 370
Energy Crops......Page 371
Biomass Trade......Page 373
Biomass Energy Conversion Technology......Page 374
Direct Firing......Page 375
Co-firing......Page 378
Biomass Gasification......Page 379
Fuel Handling......Page 382
Biomass Digesters......Page 383
Liquid Fuels......Page 384
Technology Costs......Page 385
The Cost of Electricity From Biomass......Page 386
16 Power From Waste......Page 388
Landfill Waste Disposal......Page 390
Global Production of Power From Waste......Page 391
The Politics of Waste......Page 393
Waste Management Hierarchy......Page 394
Sources of Waste......Page 395
Waste Composition......Page 396
Waste Collection and Recycling......Page 398
Waste Power Generation Technologies......Page 399
Traditional Waste Incineration Plants......Page 400
Gasification and Pyrolysis......Page 402
Refuse-Derived Fuel......Page 404
Environmental Issues and Waste Plant Emissions......Page 405
Waste Plant Emissions......Page 406
Flue Gas......Page 407
The Cost of Energy From Waste Plants......Page 408
17 Nuclear Power......Page 412
Global Capacity and Electricity Production From Nuclear Power......Page 414
Fundamentals of Nuclear Power......Page 417
Nuclear Fission......Page 418
Controlled Nuclear Reaction......Page 419
Fusion......Page 420
Nuclear Fission Reactor Designs......Page 421
Boiling Water Reactor......Page 422
Pressurised Water Reactor......Page 423
The Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (CANDU Reactor)......Page 424
Gas-Cooled Reactors......Page 426
High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor......Page 427
Nuclear Fast (Breeder) Reactors......Page 428
Advanced Reactors......Page 430
Small Modular Reactors......Page 432
Magnetic Confinement......Page 434
Inertial Confinement......Page 436
The Environmental Question......Page 437
Radioactive Waste......Page 438
Waste Categories......Page 439
Decommissioning......Page 440
The Cost of Nuclear Power......Page 441
Index......Page 444
Back Cover......Page 463
