Power Converters, Drives and Controls for Sustainable Operations

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Part I: Power Converter Topologies for Sustainable Applications
Chapter 1 DC-DC Power Converter Topologies for Sustainable Applications
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Classifications of DC-DC Converters
1.2.1 Classification of Linear Mode DC-DC Converters
1.2.1.1 Series Regulators
1.2.1.2 Parallel Regulators
1.2.2 Classification of Hard Switching DC-DC Converter
1.2.2.1 List of Isolated DC-DC Topologies
1.2.2.2 Classification of Non-Isolated DC-DC Converters
1.2.3 Classification of Soft Switching DC-DC Converter
1.2.3.1 Zero Current Switching (ZCS)
1.2.3.2 Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS)
1.3 Applications of DC-DC Converters in Real World
1.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 DC-DC Converters for Fuel Cell Power Sources
2.1 DC-DC Boost Converter in Fuel Cell (FC) Applications
2.2 DC-DC Buck Converter
2.3 DC-DC Buck-Boost Converter
2.4 DC-DC Cuk-Converter
2.5 DC-DC Sepic Converter
2.6 Multi-Phase and Multi-Device Techniques for Ripple Current Reduction
2.6.1 Multi-Device Boost Converter
2.6.2 Multi-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter
2.6.3 Multi-Device Multi-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter
2.7 The Proposed High Gain Multi-Device Multi-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter
2.7.1 Operating Principle of HGMDMPIBC
2.8 Non-Inverting Buck-Boost Converters for Low Voltage FC Applications
2.8.1 Single Switch Non-Inverting Buck-Boost Converter
2.8.2 Interleaved Buck-Boost Converter
2.9 Proposed Multi-Device Buck-Boost Converter for Low Voltage FC Applications
2.10 The Proposed Multi-Device Multi-Phase Interleaved Buck-Boost Converter for Low Voltage FC Applications
2.11 Converter Configurations for Integrating FC with 400 V Grid Voltages
2.11.1 Series Configuration
2.11.2 DC-Distributed Configuration
2.12 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3 High Gain DC-DC Converters for Photovoltaic Applications
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Role of DC-DC Converter in Renewable Energy System
3.1.2 Classical Boost Converter (CBC)
3.2 Gain Extension Mechanisms
3.2.1 Voltage-Lift Capacitor (Clift)
3.2.2 Coupled Inductor (CI)
3.2.3 Voltage Multiplier Cells (VMC)
3.3 Synthesis of High Gain DC-DC Converters
3.3.1 Concept of Interleaving
3.3.2 Interleaving Mechanism with Coupled Inductors (CIs)
3.3.3 VMCs at Secondary Side of CIs
3.4 Development of High Gain DC-DC Converters (HGCs)
3.4.1 HGC with 3 CIs, Clift, and VMC
3.4.1.1 Design Details of HGC-1
3.4.1.2 Experimental Results of Prototype HGC-1 and Discussion
3.4.2 3-Phase Interleaved HGC with 1 CI, Clift, and VMC
3.4.3 Modular HGC with 3 CIs, Clift, and 3 VMCs
3.4.4 Compact HGC Based on Multi-Winding CI, Clift, and VMC
3.4.4.1 Voltage Stress on Devices
3.4.4.2 Current Stress on Devices
3.5 Operating Capabilities of the Proposed HGCs – A Comparison
3.5.1 Electrical Characteristics
3.5.1.1 Ideal Voltage Gain
3.5.1.2 Loss Distribution Profile
3.5.2 Stress on Switches
3.5.2.1 Peak Voltage Stress
3.5.2.2 Peak Current Stress
3.5.3 Structural Parameters
3.5.3.1 Coefficient of Coupling (k)
3.5.3.2 Component Count (CC) and Component Utilisation Ratio (CUR)
3.6 Salient Features of the Presented High Gain Converters
3.7 Summary and Outlook
References
Chapter 4 Design of DC-DC Converters for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Energy Storage System
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Isolated Converters
4.2.1 Bridge Type
4.2.2 Z-Source Type
4.2.3 Sinusoidal Amplitude High Voltage Bus Converter (SAHVC)
4.2.4 Multiport Converter
4.3 Non-Isolated Converter
4.3.1 Conventional Converters
4.3.2 Interleaved Converter
4.3.3 Multi-Device Interleaved
4.4 Design of DC-DC Converter with Integration of ICPT and Battery Implementation with Digital Control Loop
4.4.1 Design of DC-DC for BEV with the Integration of ICPT
4.4.2 Digital Control with Sliding Mode Control Approach
4.5 Design of Converter with Hybrid Energy Storage System and Bidirectional Converter
4.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Performance Analysis of Series Load Resonant (SLR) DC–DC Converter
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Theoretical Background
5.3 Simulation Results
5.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Review on Different Methodologies of DC-AC Converter
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Different Multilevel Inverter Topologies
6.2.1 Diode Clamped MLI (DCMLI)
6.2.2 Flying Capacitor MLI
6.2.3 Cascaded H-Bridge MLI
6.2.4 New Hybrid Cascaded MLI
6.2.4.1 Stepped Wave Modulation Topology (SWMT)
6.2.4.2 Fourier Series of Proposed Waveform
6.2.4.3 Proposed Topology (New Hybrid MLI)
6.3 Comparison between Various MLI
6.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Grid Connected Inverter for Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation
7.1 Single Phase Seven Level Inverter Fed Grid Connected PV System
7.1.1 Seven Level Inverter Topology
7.1.2 PWM Technique for Seven Level Inverter
7.1.3 Modelling and Simulation Analysis of Seven Level Inverter
7.2 Simlink Model of Nine Level H-Bridge Inverter
7.3 Three Phase Fifteen Level Inverter Fed Grid Connected System
7.3.1 Modified System of Fifteen Level Inverter
7.3.2 Modelling of Cascaded H-Bridge Fifteen Level Inverter
7.3.3 Evaluation of THD
7.4 Fesability Analysis of Photovoltaic System in Grid Connected Inverter
7.4.1 Modified PV-DVR System
7.4.1.1 Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) Mode
7.4.1.2 Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) Mode
7.4.1.3 Energy Conservation Mode
7.4.1.4 Idle Mode
7.4.2 Photovoltaic DC-DC Converter
7.4.3 Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV System
7.4.4 Methods of Maximum Power Point Tracking
7.4.4.1 Perturb and Observe Method
7.4.4.2 Incremental Conductance Method
7.4.4.3 Current Sweep Method
7.4.4.4 Constant Voltage Method
7.4.5 Comparison of MPPT Methods
7.4.6 Operating Principle of P&O MPPT
7.4.7 Simulation Results of PV-DVR System
7.4.8 Grid Connected System Using PV Syst Tool
7.4.8.1 PV System Simulation Result Analysis
7.5 Conclusion
7.6 Future Scope of Work
References
Chapter 8 A Novel Fusion Switching Pattern Generation Algorithm for “N-Level” Switching Angle Algorithm Based Trinary Cascaded Hybrid Multi-Level Inverter
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI Circuitry
8.3 Switching Angle Algorithm
8.3.1 Equal Phase Switching Angle Algorithm (EP-SAA)
8.3.2 Half Equal Phase Switching Angle Algorithm (HEP-SAA)
8.3.3 Feed Forward Switching Angle Algorithm (FF-SAA)
8.3.4 Half Height Switching Angle Algorithm (HH-SAA)
8.4 9-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid Multi-Level Inverter
8.4.1 SAA for 9-Level TCHMLI
8.4.2 Generation of Switching Function for the 9-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.4.3 Generation of DPWM for the 9-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.4.4 Simulation Results of 9-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.5 27-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.5.1 SAA for 27-Level TCHMLI
8.5.2 Generation of Switching Function for the 27-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.5.3 Generation of DPWM for the 27-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.5.4 Simulation Results of 27-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.6 81-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.6.1 SAA for 81-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.6.2 Generation of Switching Function for the 81-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.6.3 Generation of DPWM for 81-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.6.4 Flow Diagram of 81-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.6.5 5 Roles of Design Resolution in Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.6.6 Simulation Results of 81-Level Trinary Cascaded Hybrid MLI
8.7 FPGA Experimental Validation with Specification
8.8 Hardware Results and Discussion
8.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 An Inspection on Multilevel Inverters Based on Sustainable Applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Multilevel Inverters in Sustainable Applications
9.3 Development of Multilevel Inverter
9.3.1 Diode-Clamped
9.3.2 Flying Capacitor
9.3.3 Cascaded H-Bridge MLI
9.4 Symmetric MLI
9.5 Asymmetric MLI
9.6 An Examination on Current MLI’s
9.7 Summary
Acknowledgement
References
Part II: Electric Machines and Drives for Sustainable Applications
Chapter 10 Technical Study of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure and Standards
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Background
10.3 Review of EV Charging Infrastructure
10.4 Review of DC-DC Converters for EVCs
10.5 Standards for EV and EVSE
10.5.1 Description of EV Connector
10.6 Charging Stations in India
10.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Implementation of Model Predictive Control for Reduced Torque Ripple in Orthopaedic Surgical Drilling Applications with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Role of Motor in Orthopaedic Drilling Applications
11.2.1 BLDC Motors
11.2.2 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
11.2.2.1 PMSM Machine Equations
11.2.3 Control Methods of PMSM
11.3 Model Predictive Control
11.3.1 Structure of MPC
11.3.2 Cost Function
11.4 Predictive Control Techniques for PMSM
11.4.1 Conventional Model Predictive Torque Control (MPC)
11.4.2 Proposed MPC Technique
11.5 Implementation and Results
11.5.1 Comparative Study of Steady State Performance of Proposed MPC and Conventional MPC under Loaded Condition
11.5.2 Steady State Performance at 50% Rated Speed
11.5.3 Steady State Performance at 100% Rated Speed
11.5.4 Real-Time Simulation Result Analysis with OPAL-RT Lab
11.5.4.1 Steady-State Response
11.5.4.2 Start-Up Response
11.6 Implementation Analysis
11.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 High Precision Drives for Piezoelectric Actuators Based Motion Control Microsystems
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Driving Methods of PEA
12.3 Driver Circuits for Driving PEA in High Voltage Applications
12.4 Different Types of Power Supply Used for Driving the Piezo Driver
12.5 Different Types of Voltage Regulator Used for Driving the Piezo Driver
12.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13 Design and Analysis of 31-Level Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverter Topology for R, RL, & Motor Load
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Incorporation of Multilevel Inverters in Various Applications
13.3 Modeling of 31-Level Asymmetric Inverter
13.3.1 Mathematical Modeling of 31-Level Inverter
13.3.2 Modes of Operation
13.3.3 Switching Principle of 31-Level Inverter
13.4 Simulation Circuit and Result Discussions
13.4.1 Block Diagram for Pulse Generation
13.4.2 Simulation of 31-Level Inverter with R Load
13.4.3 Simulation of 31-Level Inverter with RL Load
13.4.4 Simulation of 31-Level Inverter Fed with 1ö Induction Motor
13.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 14 Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor: Analysis and Design with Rare Earth Free Hybrid Magnets
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Literature Survey
14.3 Construction and Torque Equation
14.4 Design Specifications and Machine Topologies
14.5 No-Load Characteristics
14.6 Performance at Various Operating Regions
14.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 15 Design of Bidirectional DC – DC Converters and Controllers for Hybrid Energy Sources in Electric Vehicles
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Need For Hybrid Energy Management Systems in EV
15.3 Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS)
15.3.1 Passive Parallel HESS
15.3.2 Parallel Converter HESS
15.4 Bidirectional DC-DC Converters (BDC)
15.5 Specifications of DC-DC Converters
15.6 Control Strategy
15.7 Results and Discussion
15.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 16 Design of Rare Earth Magnet Free Traction Motor
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Comparison Among Traction Motor Choices
16.3 Motor Peak Power Calculation Based on Vehicle Dynamics
16.4 Operating Principle of SynRM & Basic Terminologies
16.5 SynRM Design Concepts: Effect of Design Parameters on Performance
16.6 Analytical Design of SynRM
16.6.1 Stator & Winding Design
16.6.2 Rotor Design
16.6.2.1 Determining Barrier End Angle, ám
16.6.2.2 Determining Segment Width, Si
16.6.2.3 Determining Barrier Width, W1i
16.7 Electromagnetic Analysis –Results & Discussion
16.8 Investigation on Impact of Different Parameters
16.8.1 Torque-Speed Curve
16.9 Summary
16.10 Future Work
References
Chapter 17 Implementation of Automatic Unmanned Battery Charging System for Electric Cars
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Proposed System
17.3 MATLAB Simulation
17.3.1 Mathematical Modelling
17.3.2 Simulation and Analysis of Battery Discharging at EV Charging Station
17.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18 Improved Dual Output DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Charging Application
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Proposed Dual Output Quadratic Boost Converter
18.2.1 Solar PV System
18.2.1.1 Mathematical Modeling of PV System
18.2.2 Switching Methodology
18.2.2.1 Topology of Proposed Converter
18.2.3 Estimation of Parameters of Proposed SIDO Converter
18.2.3.1 Design Example
18.3 Simulation of the Proposed Converter
18.4 Experimental Results
18.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19 DFIG Based Wind Energy Conversion Using Direct Matrix Converter
Chapter-I
Introduction
19.1 Introduction to Matrix Converters
19.2 Introduction to Control and Modulation Techniques in Matrix Convertor
19.3 Introduction to Predictive Control Techniques
Chapter-II
Concept and System Description: Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) in Wind Energy Conversion System
Chapter-III
Modeling and Simulation of DFIG in MATLAB
Chapter-IV
The Matrix Converter and Predictive Control Technique
19.4 Topologies of Matrix Converters and Use of Predictive Control
19.5 Conclusion
19.6 Scope for Future Work
References
Part III: Trends in Control Methods for Sustainable Applications
Chapter 20 Microgrid: Recent Trends and Control
20.1 Introduction
20.2 MG Concept
20.2.1 Different Structures of MG
20.2.1.1 AC MG
20.2.1.2 DC MG
20.2.1.3 Hybrid AC/DC MG
20.2.1.4 Urban DC MG
20.2.1.5 Ceiling DC MG
20.3 MG Control Layer
20.4 Functional Requirements of MG Management
20.4.1 Forecast
20.4.2 Real-Time Optimization
20.4.3 Data Analysis and Communication
20.4.4 Human Machine Interface
20.5 Energy Management Schemes
20.5.1 Communication-Based Energy Management
20.5.2 The Communication-Less Energy Management System
20.6 Overview of MG Control
20.6.1 Power Flow Control by Current Regulation
20.6.2 Power Flow Control by Voltage Regulation
20.6.3 Agent-Based Control
20.6.4 Multi-Agent System (MAS) Based Distributed Control
20.6.5 PQ Control
20.6.6 VSI Control
20.6.7 Central Control
20.6.8 Master/Slave Control
20.6.9 Distributed Control
20.6.10 Droop Control
20.6.11 Control Design Based on Transfer Function
20.6.12 Direct Lyapunov Control (DLC)
20.6.13 Passivity Based Control (PBC)
20.6.14 Model Predictive Control (MPC)
20.7 IEEE and IEC Standards
20.8 Challenges of MG Controls
20.8.1 Future Trends
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 21 Control Techniques in Sustainable Applications
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Sliding Mode Control Techniques in Sustainable Applications
21.3 Passivity-Based Control in Sustainable Applications
21.4 Model Predictive Control in Sustainable Applications
21.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 22 Optimization Techniques for Minimizing Power Loss in Radial Distribution Systems by Placing Wind and Solar Systems
I. Introduction
22.1 Distribution Systems
22.2 Radial Distribution Network
22.3 Power Loss Minimization
22.4 Optimization Techniques
22.5 MATLAB Tools for Optimization Techniques
22.6 Conclusion
References
Appendix
Chapter 23 Passivity Based Control for DC-DC Converters
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Passivity Based Control
23.3 Control Law Generation Using ESDI, ESEDPOF, ETEDPOF
23.3.1 Energy Shaping and Damping Injection (ESDI)
23.3.2 Exact Tracking Error Dynamics Passive Output Feedback (ETEDPOF)
23.3.3 Exact Static Error Dynamics Passive Output Feedback
23.4 Control Law Generation Using ETEDPOF Method for DC Drives
23.4.1 Buck Converter Fed DC Motor
23.4.2 Boost Converter Fed DC Motor
23.4.3 Luo Converter Fed DC Motor
23.5 Sensitivity Analysis
23.5.1 Sensitivity Analysis of Buck Converter
23.5.2 Sensitivity Analysis of Boost Converter
23.5.3 Sensitivity Analysis of a Luo Converter
23.6 Reference Profile Generation
23.6.1 Boost Converter Fed DC Motor
23.6.2 Luo Converter Fed DC Motor
23.7 Load Torque Estimation
23.7.1 Reduced-Order Observer for Load Torque Estimation
23.7.2 SROO Approach for Load Torque Estimation
23.7.3 Load Torque Estimation Using Online Algebraic Approach
23.7.4 Sensorless Online Algebraic Approach (SAA) for Load Torque Estimation
23.8 Applications of PBC
23.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 24 Modeling, Analysis, and Design of a Fuzzy Logic Controller for Sustainable System Using MATLAB
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Modeling of MIMO System
24.3 Analysis of MIMO System Using MATLAB
24.4 Optimization Techniques for PID Parameter
24.4.1 Controller Design
24.4.1.1 PID Controller Design
24.4.2 Optimization of PID Controller Parameter
24.5 Fuzzy Logic Controller Using MATLAB/Simulink
24.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 25 Development of Backstepping Controller for Buck Converter
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Buck Converter With R-Load
25.2.1 Mathematical Model
25.2.2 Buck Converter with PMDC Motor
25.2.3 Mathematical Model
25.3 Controller Design
25.3.1 Basic Block Diagram for PI/Backstepping Controller
25.3.2 Conventional PI Controller Design
25.3.3 Backstepping Controller Design
25.3.4 Backstepping Control Algorithm
25.3.5 Controller Design for Buck Converter with R-Load
25.4 Simulation Results
25.5 Hardware Details
25.5.1 Buck Converter Specifications
25.5.2 Advanced Regulating Pulse Width Modulator
25.5.3 Principles of Operation
25.6 Hardware Results
25.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 26 Analysing Control Algorithms for Controlling the Speed of BLDC Motors Using Green IoT
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Working of BLDC Motor
26.3 Speed Control of Motor
26.4 Speed Control of BLDC Motor with FPGA
26.5 Advancements in Green IoT for BLDC Motors
26.6 Conclusion
References
Index
EULA