Principal illustrators: John Hepburn, Raphael Nazroo, Alex Scott. Other illustrators: Sue Barnett, Fran Buxton, Simon Buxton, John Callaghan, Terry Cook, John P Cotter, Robert Moyes. Contributions from: Catherine Hills and M. J. Hughes.
The original aim of this report was to provide an account of the very large amount of post-Roman pottery produced by the Colchester excavations of 1971-85, and thus to complete the series of Colchester Archaeological Reports dealing with the excavations themselves and the various categories of finds recovered, such as the small finds, Roman pottery and glass, etc. This original aim, enshrined in the title of this report, remains at the centre of the work.
Implicit in this aim was the production — inasmuch as time and resources allowed — of an illustrated typology of pottery forms arranged by presumed source, date and fabric, together with a discussion on chronology supported by the illustration of stratified groups of pottery. From an economic point of view, it was — and still is — hoped that the report would serve as a reference work for future archaeologists excavating in the Colchester area, thereby diminishing the need for repeated illustration of the commoner forms of post-Roman pottery dealt with in this volume.
Author(s): John P. Cotter
Series: Colchester Archaeological Reports, 7
Publisher: Colchester Archaeological Trust
Year: 2000
Language: English
Pages: 404
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. English wares: early to mid-Saxon
Chapter 3. English wares: late Saxon and early medieval
Chapter 4. English wares: medieval
Chapter 5. English wares: post-medieval
Chapter 6. English wares: modern
Chapter 7. French wares
Chapter 8. Low Countries wares
Chapter 9. German wares
Chapter 10. Iberian wares
Chapter 11. Italian wares
Chapter 12. Far Eastern wares
Chapter 13. Miscellaneous unsourced ?imports
Chapter 14. The stratified groups
Appendix 3. Neutron activation analysis
Colour photographs
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1. Introduction
Aims of the report
The sites: general characteristics
The site code reference system
The sites: a gazetteer
Methodology
Classification and methods
Essex post-Roman pottery codes
Reference collections and archives
Pottery dating and ceramic phasing
Explanation of the bar charts
Historical background
Earlier work
Chapter 2. English wares: early to mid-Saxon (c 450-850)
Saxon 'brickearth' fabrics (Fabric 97)
Dating
Saxon vegetable-tempered ware (Fabric 1)
Fabric
Forms
Decoration
Discussion and dating
Ipswichware (Fabric 8)
?Mid-Saxon wheel-turned ‘bottle’ (Fabric 8V)
Ooliticwares (Fabric 12D)
Chapter 3. English wares: late Saxon and early medieval (c 850-1200)
Thetford-type wares (Fabric 9)
Decoration
Distribution of Thetford-type wares in Colchester
Dating and origins of Thetford-type wares in Colchester
St Neots-typeware (Fabric 10)
Stamford ware (Fabric 11A)
Early medieval shelly wares (Fabric 12)
Early medieval shelly wares without sand (Fabric 12A)
Fabric
Form
Dating
Early medieval slightly sandy shelly wares (Fabric 12B)
Early medieval sandy shelly wares (sand predominant) (Fabric 12C)
Dating and discussion
Ooliticwares (Fabric12D)
Mid-Saxon forms
Early medieval forms
Source and dating
Early medieval sandy wares
Fabric
Dating
Vessel forms
Textilea nd other impressions
Medieval pottery kilns at Middleborough
The kilns and related structures
The pottery
Similarity of the kilns
Dating and life span of kilns
Origins and affinities of Colchester Fabric 13 and summary of main developments
Chapter 4. English wares: medieval (c 1200-1550)
London-typeware (Fabric 36)
Form and decoration
Dating and discussion
Scarborough ware (Fabric 24)
Other Yorkshire wares (Fabric 24X)
Hedingham ware (Fabric 22)
Fabric
Form and decoration
Construction
Other forms
Discussion and dating
Summary
Medieval sandy grey wares (Fabric 20)
Fabric
Dating and frequency
Sources, parallels and distribution
Cooking pots
Bowls
Jugs
Miscellaneous forms
Summary of principal developments in Fabric 20
Colchester-typeware (Fabric 21A)
Introduction
Fabric
Sources
Dating and quantification (c 1200-1550)
Vessel typology
Sgraffito ware
Slip decoration: an outline of its stylistic development on Colchester-type ware
Colchester-type ware: origins, affinities and decline
Distribution
Conclusion
Mill Green ware (Fabric 35)
Fabric
Form and decoration
Dating
Discussion
Kingston-type ware (Fabric 23D)
Coarse Border ware (Fabric 23F)
Cheam white ware (Fabric 23E)
'Tudor Green' ware (Fabric 41)
Cistercian ware (Fabric 40C)
Miscellaneous unidentified medieval and post-medieval wares, probably English (Fabric 98)
Fabric 98: miscellaneous
'Long Wyre Street' ware (Fabric 98W)
Non-local slip-painted ware (Fabric 98S)
Chapter 5. English wares: post-medieval (c 1550-1750)
Guy’s-type ware (Fabric 55)
Post-medieval red earthenwares (Fabric 40)
Typology
A group of vessels from a Civil War fort at Sheepen, Colchester
Buried pots at Middleborough
Metropolitan slipware (Fabric 40A)
Border ware (Fabric 42)
Netherlands, Anglo-Netherlands and English tin-glazed earthenwares (Fabric 46)
Drug jars, apothecaries and pit groups
Apothecaries at Lion Walk in the 17th and 18th centuries
Drug jars (from the pit complex and other contexts)
Dishes and plates
Bowls
Other forms
The pharmaceutical inscriptions
North Devon gravel-tempered ware (Fabric 56)
English stonewares (Fabric 45)
Wrotham slipware (Fabric 40D)
Staffordshire-type slipware (Fabric 50)
Staffordshire-type iron-streaked earthenware
Chapter 6. English wares: modern (c 1750 onwards)
Modern English wares
Documentary sources
Catalogue of modern wares
Red stoneware (Fabric 48R)
Nottingham/Derbyshire stoneware (Fabric 45G)
Staffordshire-type white stoneware (Fabric 47)
Jackfield ware (Fabric 48J)
Whieldon-type wares (Fabric 48W)
Creamware (Fabric 48C)
Basalt ware (Fabric 49)
Yellow ware (Fabric 48E)
Staffordshire-type white earthenwares (Fabric 48D)
English porcelain (Fabric 48B)
Modern English stoneware (Fabric 45M)
Late slipped kitchenware (Fabric 51A)
Sussex inlaid slipware (Fabric 40E)
Lustre ware (Fabric 48L)
Flowerpot (Fabric 51B)
Sanitary wares (Fabric 48V)
Miscellaneous earthenwares (Fabric 48X)
Chapter 7. French wares
An outline of contact with France
Wheel-thrown Frankish sandy wares (Fabric 97F)
'Pudding Lane'-type North French glazed ware
Unprovenanced French micaceous ware
Rouen-type ware (Fabric 28)
Saintonge ware(Fabric 27)
Beauvais earthenwares (Fabric 30)
Beauvais stoneware (Fabric 45J)
Martincamp flasks (Fabric 43)
Normandy stoneware (Fabric 45N)
Chapter 8. Low Countries wares
An outline of contact with the Low Countries
Brunssum-Schinveld ware (Fabric 14B)
Andenne ware (Fabric 17)
Miscellaneous early medieval Low Countries white wares (Fabric 17X)
Low Countries red earthenwares (Fabric 31)
North Holland slipware (Fabric 31A)
Low Countries white earthenwares (Fabric 23C)
South Netherlands maiolica (Fabric 46C)
Chapter 9. German and Rhenish wares
An outline of contact with Germany
Pingsdorf-type ware (Fabric 14A)
Paffrath-type ware (Fabric 18)
RHENISH STONEWARES
Siegburg stoneware (Fabric 45B)
Langerwehe stoneware (Fabric 45A)
Gothic (Saxony) stoneware (Fabric 45K)
Raeren stoneware (Fabric 45C)
Cologne and Frechen stonewares
Westerwald stoneware (Fabric 45F)
'Hessian' crucibles (Fabric 60)
German slipwares (Fabric 44) Weser slipware (Fabric 44A)
Weser slipware (Fabric 44A)
Werra slipware (Fabric 44B)
Lower Rhine slipware (Fabric 44C)
Nieder Selters-type bottles (Fabric 45S)
Chapter 10. Iberian wares
An outline of contact with the Iberian peninsula
Spanish lustrewares (Fabric 46B)
Andalusian lustreware (Fabric 46B/1)
Valencian lustreware (Fabric 46B/2)
Seville (Cuerda Seca) (Fabric 46D/1)
Seville maiolica (Fabric 46D/2)
Olive jars (Fabric 29A)
Miscellaneous Iberian green glazed wares
Merida-type ware (Fabric 57)
Iberian/North African star costrels (Fabric 62)
Portuguese maiolica (Fabric 46F)
Iberian storage jars (Fabric 53)
Chapter 11. Italian wares
An outline of contact with Italy
Italian maiolica (Fabric 46E)
Montelupo
North Italian marbled slipware (Fabric 39)
Italian oil jars (Fabric 54)
Chapter 12. Far Eastern wares
An outline of contact with the Far East
Martabani stoneware (Fabric 58)
Chinese porcelain (Fabric 48A)
Chapter 13. Miscellaneous unsourced ?imports
Unidentified foreign wares (Fabric 95)
Mediterranean ‘mercury’ jars (Fabric 52)
Chapter 14. The stratified groups
Introduction
Selected stratified groups
Group 1: (Hut 2) LWC HF63 (5th century)
Group 2: (Hut 3) 1.81 BF4 (7th century)
Group 3: CPS F106 (c 1000-1050)
Group 4: LWC NF21 (c 1050-1300)
Group 5: 1.81 HF365 (c 1125-1150)
Group 6: 1.81 GF163 (c 1175-1200)
Group 7: COC F213 (c 1225-75 or possibly c 1250)
Group 8: COC F212 (c 1300-1325)
Group 9: LWC MF22/F52/F53 (c 1382-1421)
Group 10: LWC LF33 (c 1400-50)
Group 11: LWC BF45 (c 1425-1475)
Group 12: LWC CF65 (c 1475-1525)
Group 13: SPT F14 (c 1500-1525)
Group 14: 1.81 EF14/F19 (c 1525)
Group 15: 1.81 HF39/F158 (c 1525-50)
Group 16: LWC CF77/F22 (c 1550/75-1575/1600)
Group 17: COC F61 (c 1625-1650)
Group 18: LWC GF24 (c 1625-1650)
Group 19: LWC VF2 (c 1650)
Group 20: LWC BF14 (c 1650)
Group 21: MID AF15 (c 1680-1700)
Group 22: LWC RF18 (c 1730-1740)
Chapter 15. Conclusions
Introduction
Development and supply of post-Roman pottery in Colchester
English 'imports' as evidence for trade and cultural links
Foreign imports and trade
The broader picture
Recommendations for future work
Appendix 1. Concordance of illustrated pottery
Appendix 2. Documentary evidence for potters and kiln-sites in the Colchester area
Introduction
Sources
Colchester and its borough
Lexden
Mile End(alias le Milende, Mylonde)
Greenstead
The walled town and intramural parishes
Customs and ordinances affecting pottery
Pottery and tile manufacture in adjacent parishes
Great Horkesley
Ardleigh
East Donyland
Wivenhoe
Outlying areas
Dedham
Thorpe-le-Soken
Tiptree
Appendix 3. Neutron activation analysis of redware pottery from north-east Essex, including Colchester-type wares
Summary
Introduction
Selection of samples and reference analyses of pottery
Neutron activation analysis and multivariate statistics
Discussion
Conclusions
Bibliography
Abbreviations
References
Index
Colour plates
