Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550-1800

Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550–1800
Editorial page
Title page
LCC data
Table of contents
Preface & acknowledgements
Chapter 1.
Introduction
1.1 Goal of the study
1.2 The historiographical neglect of missionary linguistics
1.3 The contribution of missionary linguistics to the study of the typology of languages
1.4 Missionary linguists as field-workers: Their attitudes
1.5 The description of exotic languages and the development of linguistic concepts
1.6 The goals and structure of this study
1.6.1 What do we want to know?
1.6.1.1 Phonology and orthography
1.6.1.2 Morphosyntax
1.6.1.3 The lexicon
1.6.1.4 Extra-grammatical information
1.6.2 What do we have?
References
Chapter 2. The Indian subcontinent
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Historical background
2.1.2 The Indian grammatical tradition
2.2 Tamil. Henrique Henriques (or, Anrique Anriquez) (1520–1600)
2.2.1 The life and work of Henrique Henriques
2.2.2 Henriques’s Tamil grammar: Authorship and sources
2.2.3 Henriques’s Tamil grammar and the Tamil language
2.2.3.1 Malabar and Tamil
2.2.3.2 The structure of Henriques’s grammar
2.2.3.3 Henriques’s treatment of Tamil orthography and phonology
2.2.3.4 Henriques’s treatment of Tamil nominal declension
2.2.3.5 Henriques’s treatment of the Tamil verb
2.2.3.6 Henriques’s explicit comparisons between Tamil and Portuguese
2.2.3.7 Henriques’s treatment of Tamil word order
2.2.3.8 Henriques’s treatment of agreement in Tamil
2.2.3.9 Henriques’s treatment of variation within Tamil
2.2.3.10 Henriques’s meta-language
2.2.4 The reputation of Henriques’s work
2.2.5 Other Tamil grammars
2.3 Konkani. Thomas Stephens (Thomaz Estevão 1549–1619)
2.3.1 The life of Thomas Stephens
2.3.2 Other early grammars of Konkani and neighbouring languages
2.3.3 The Konkani language
2.3.4 Stephens’s Konkani grammar
2.3.4.1 Stephens’s treatment of phonology and orthography
2.3.4.2 Stephens’s treatment of Konkani nominal morphology
2.3.4.3 Stephens’s treatment of Konkani verbal morphology
2.3.4.4 Stephens’s treatment of Konkani syntax. Word order and agreement
2.3.4.5 Stephens’s treatment of ergativity
2.3.4.6 Stephens’s metalanguage
2.4 Bengali. Manoel da Assumpçam (fl. 1743)
2.4.1 Manoel da Assumpçam and his grammar
2.4.2 The Bengali language
2.4.3 The grammar
2.4.3.1 Assumpçam’s treatment of orthography and phonology
2.4.3.2 Assumpçam’s treatment of nominal declension
2.4.3.3 Assumpçam’s treatment of verbal morphology
2.4.3.4 Assumpçam’s treatment of syntax
2.4.3.5 Assumpçam’s treatment of word order and agreement
2.5 Marathi (Anonymous 1778a)
2.5.1 The Marathi language
2.5.2 The 1778 Marathi grammar
2.5.2.1 The grammar’s treatment of Marathi phonology and orthography
2.5.2.2 The grammar’s treatment of Marathi nominal morphology
2.5.2.3 The grammar’s treatment of Marathi verbal morphology
2.5.2.4 The grammar’s treatment of Marathi syntax, word order and agreement
2.5.2.5 The grammar’s treatment of ergativity
2.6 Hindi (Anonymous 1778b)
2.6.1 Previous grammars of Hindi by Europeans
2.6.2 The language
2.6.3.1 The grammar’s view of the Hindi language
2.6.3.2 The structure of the grammar
2.6.3.3 The grammar’s treatment of Hindi phonology and orthography
2.6.3.4 The grammar’s treatment of nominal declension
2.6.3.5 The grammar’s treatment of verbal inflection
2.6.3.6 The grammar’s treatment of adverbs
2.6.3.7 The grammar’s treatment of the article
2.6.3.8 The grammar’s treatment of agreement and word order
2.6.3.9 The grammar’s treatment of agreement and ergativity
2.7 Conclusion
Chapter 3. Missionary linguistics in Japan
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The activities of João Rodrigues (1562–1633)
3.2.1 His life
3.2.2 His work
3.2.3 Sources of Rodrigues’ grammar
3.2.3.1 European sources
3.2.3.2 Japanese sources
3.3 The Japanese language as described by Rodrigues
3.3.1 Language variation: Coye and yomi
3.3.2 Geographical distinctions
3.3.3 Diachrony: The ‘old language’ and the concept of auctoritas
3.3.4 Christian terminology: Loans from Latin and Portuguese
3.3.5 On the best way of learning Japanese
3.4 Phonology and orthography
3.5 Morphology
3.5.1 Inflection
3.5.1.1 Nominal inflection and ‘cases’
3.5.1.2 Adjective noun (“Nome adjectiuo”)
3.5.1.3 Verbal inflection
3.5.1.4 Honorificity
3.5.1.5 Causatives
3.6 Syntax: Word order and agreement
3.6.1 Japanese as an SOV language
3.6.2 Japanese as a left-branching language
3.7 Rodrigues as an historian and ethnographer
3.8 Conclusion
Chapter 4. Missionary linguistics in Brazil
4.1 Introduction: Missionaries in Spanish and Portuguese America
4.1.1 Missionaries and lenguas generales/línguas gerais
4.1.2 Missionary linguistics in Portuguese America
4.2 Tupi grammars
4.2.1 Joseph de Anchieta (1534–1597)
4.2.1.1 Introduction: Anchieta and his forerunners
4.2.1.2 The language described by Anchieta
4.2.1.3 The structure of the grammar
4.2.1.4 Phonology and orthography
4.2.1.5 The concept of ‘case’ as applied to Tupi
4.2.1.6 The pronouns
4.2.1.7 Nominal and verbal inflection
4.2.1.8 Nouns, ‘adjectives’, and ‘adverbs’
4.2.1.9 Syntax
4.2.2 Antonio de Araújo’s Cathecismo (1618)
4.2.3 Luiz Figueira (1575–1643)
4.2.3.1 The language described by Figueira
4.2.3.2 Orthography and phonology
4.2.3.3 Morphosyntax
4.2.3.4 The inclusive-exclusive distinction
4.2.3.5 Syntax and agreement
4.2.3.6 Word order
4.2.4 The anonymous grammar of the Língua geral amazônica. Biblioteca de Coimbra, no. 69 (1750)
4.2.4.1 Introduction
4.2.4.2 The author
4.2.4.3 The manuscript
4.2.4.4 Language variation
4.2.4.5 Language change
4.2.4.6 The grammar
4.2.4.7 The eight parts of speech and language universals
4.2.4.8 The pronominal system
4.2.4.9 The ‘pronomes extravagantes’
4.3 The Kiriri grammar of Luiz Vincencio Mamiani (1652–1730)
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 The language
4.3.3 Sources for eastern Brazilian languages of the Macro-Jê family
4.3.4 The grammar
4.3.4.1 The sources of the grammar
4.3.4.2 References to other languages and language variety
4.3.5 Phonology and orthography
4.3.5.1 The vowels
4.3.5.2 The consonants
4.3.5.3 Diacritics
4.3.6 Morphosyntax
4.3.6.1 “Inflection”
4.3.6.2 The inclusive-exclusive distinction
4.3.6.3 The animate versus inanimate distinction
4.3.7 Syntax
4.3.7.1 Word order and agreement
4.3.7.2 Ergativity
4.4 Conclusion
Chapter 5. African languages
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Three grammars of African languages
5.1.2 Their context in the early study of African languages
5.1.3 Early catechisms in African languages
5.2 The Capuchin Hyacinth Brusciotto and his Kongo grammar (1659)
5.2.1 The language
5.2.2 Phonology
5.2.3 Morphosyntax
5.2.3.1 Nominal inflection, declensions, ‘cases’ and the noun-classes
5.2.3.2 Verbal morphology
5.2.4 Syntax
5.3 Pedro Dias (1622–1700)
5.3.1 The language
5.3.1.1 The structure of the grammar
5.3.2 Phonology and orthography
5.3.3 Morphosyntax
5.3.3.1 Nominal morphology
5.3.3.2 Verbal morphology
5.4 The anonymous “Arte da língua de Cafre”
5.4.1 The language
5.4.2 Phonology and orthography
5.4.3 Morphosyntax
5.4.3.1 Nominal morphology
5.4.3.2 Verbal morphology
5.4.4 Meta-language
5.5 Conclusion
Chapter 6. Arabic and Hebrew
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Arabic
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 The grammars and their sources
6.2.3 The language
6.2.4 The structure of the grammar of de Sousa, compared with those of Erpenius and Guadagnoli
6.2.5 Phonology and orthography
6.2.6 Parts of speech and morphology
6.2.7 Syntax. Word order and agreement
6.3 Hebrew
6.4 Conclusion
Chapter 7. Conclusion
7.1 Phonology and orthography
7.1.1 The Indian subcontinent
7.1.2 Japan
7.1.3 Brazil
7.1.4 Africa
7.1.5 Arabic and Hebrew
7.2 Morphosyntax
7.2.1 India
7.2.2 Japan
7.2.3 Brazil
7.2.4 Africa
7.3 Parts of speech
7.3.1 Adaptations of the traditional model
7.3.2 Articles
7.4 Extra-grammatical information
7.5 A Portuguese tradition?
Appendix. Lexicography
1. The Indian subcontinent
1.1 The Indian lexicographical tradition
1.2 Dictionaries compiled by Europeans
1.3 Konkani
1.4 Hindi
1.5 Other languages
2. Japan
2.1 The Japanese lexicographical tradition.
2.2 The Vocabulario of 1595 and the Dictionarium of 1603–1604
2.3 Meta-linguistic terms in the dictionaries
3. China and Cochinchina (Vietnam)
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Chinese linguistic tradition
3.3 Chinese dictionaries composed by westerners
3.3.1 The Dicionário Português-Chinês
3.3.2 Other early European studies of Chinese
3.3 Cochinchina (Vietnam) and Malaya
4. Brazil
5. African languages
6. Arabic and Hebrew
6.1 Arabic
6.2 Hebrew
References
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Index of biographical names
Index of subjects & terms